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The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Cenotaph and the Shadow Side of Spatial Research

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2019 — WHE14EA2A80B2

This study reveals the enduring, fragmented narratives embedded within the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, particularly focusing on the haunting spatial stories associated with its central memorial, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Cenotaph. The research demonstrates how these narratives persist in visitors' memories and perceptions, often enveloping their personal experiences and foreboding possible futures. Employing a mixed-methods approach—including interviews and cognitive mapping exercises with both in situ visitors and those who had previously visited the Park—the study explores the complex interplay between memory, space, and identity. It highlights the cenotaph's role as a site of reinvention, where past and imagined futures collide, challenging conventional spatial research paradigms.

The Hirtodrosophila melanderi species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Huanglong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2019 — WHED9E2D6F446

Researchers have identified five new species within the Hirtodrosophila melanderi species group, including H. minshanensis, H. lambda, H. zhangae, H. zouae, and H. nigrispina, from the Huanglong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China. This discovery expands the known diversity of this fungivorous fly group, which is predominantly found at high altitudes near the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study employed a combination of morphological analysis and DNA barcoding (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequencing) to delimit species boundaries. Additionally, an updated identification key for all species in the H. melanderi group was provided, contributing to taxonomic clarity and biodiversity documentation in this UNESCO-listed region.

The history of anthropogenic disturbance and invasive alien species impact on the indigenous avifauna of the Ogasawara Islands, southern Japan

Ogasawara Islands — 2019 — WHE623DD99D84

Human-induced disturbances, particularly the introduction of invasive mammals, have significantly impacted the indigenous avifauna of the Ogasawara Islands. The study reveals that seven endemic bird species or subspecies have gone extinct, and five breeding populations have disappeared from the archipelago since modern colonization began in 1830. Key threats include habitat loss, overhunting, and predation by invasive species like goats, cats, and rodents. While eradication efforts for these invaders have shown partial success—such as goat removal leading to vegetation recovery and cat removal aiding the recovery of the Ogasawara pigeon (Columba janthina nitens)—unintended ecological consequences have also emerged. For instance, removing goats allowed invasive plants to proliferate, while eliminating cats may have increased rodent populations. The study underscores the need for adaptive management strategies that account for complex species interactions and monitor ecosystem changes to avoid counterproductive conservation outcomes.

The Idea of the Labyrinth from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages

Chartres Cathedral — 2019 — WHE2DF1113778

The labyrinth, as a symbol and architectural form, evolved significantly from its roots in Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. This study traces its development through various mediums, including rock carvings, Etruscan pottery, Roman mosaics, and medieval manuscripts, highlighting its adaptability and symbolic depth. The research employs a comparative approach, analyzing labyrinth representations across cultures and periods, from the Cretan-style carvings to intricate garden mazes like those attributed to Pozzoserrato (ca. 1550). A key insight is the labyrinth's role as both a physical structure and a metaphorical representation of complexity, error, and the human journey, as seen in its depiction in Chartres Cathedral's nave (ca. 1194-1220) and other notable sites. The study also explores its literary and philosophical significance, such as in Dante's works and Boethius's 'Consolation of Philosophy,' underscoring its enduring influence on art, architecture, and thought.

The Impact of Akhlaq-i Nasiri on the Forms and Spaces of Akbar’s Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri — 2019 — WHE917BA78724

Fatehpur Sikri, the Mughal capital established by Akbar, embodied ethical and philosophical ideals through its architectural and spatial design. This study reveals that the city's layout was significantly influenced by Islamic philosophy and ethical texts known as akhlaq, particularly those translated for Mongol kings by Nasir al-Din Tusi. By analyzing four key interaction spaces—the Jami Masjid, Diwan-i Aam, Ibadat Khana, and markets—researchers demonstrate how Peripatetic Islamic philosophy shaped the city's meaning and introduced new social and religious norms in 16th-century Mughal India. The findings highlight Fatehpur Sikri as a materialization of Persianate philosophical concepts, blending ethical theory with urban design to reflect ideals of justice.

The Impact of Institutions on the Evolution of Tourism Accommodation Format: Evidence from Wulingyuan, China

Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2019 — WHEA1BBC21159

Tourism accommodation in Wulingyuan, China, has evolved through five distinct stages—introduction (1982–1988), growth (1989–2000), adjustment (2001–2004), upgrade (2005–2010), and individualization (2011–present)—driven by the interplay between formal and informal institutions. The study reveals that while informal institutions initially conflict with formal ones, they eventually transform into formal institutions, shaping sustainable development in tourism accommodation. Institutional loopholes and frictions are common during this process, highlighting the need for synergy between formal and informal institutions to achieve long-term sustainability. This research provides empirical evidence from Wulingyuan, illustrating how institutional dynamics influence tourism evolution.

The Impact of Precipitation on Drinking Water Resources in the Sagarmatha National Park (Mt. Everest Region), Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2019 — WHEFA65BA44C9

High precipitation rates significantly increase contamination in both surface water and springs used for drinking water in the Sagarmatha National Park (Mt. Everest region), Nepal, according to a study published in 2019. Researchers found a strong correlation between precipitation data and water quality parameters like pH and conductivity, indicating that heavy rainfall leads to elevated bacteria levels in water sources. Conversely, low precipitation periods suggest that water handling practices may contribute to contamination. The study also revealed that bacterial content in surface water correlates with altitude and temperature, while springs show no such relationship. These findings underscore the vulnerability of drinking water resources to climate change, as shifting precipitation patterns and glacial melt pose risks to safe water availability in the region.

The impact of salvage logging on herb layer species composition and plant community recovery in Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest — 2019 — WHE5D052F23C6

Salvage logging in Białowieża Forest, one of Europe's most pristine temperate forest ecosystems, significantly alters herb layer species composition and plant diversity. While overall plant diversity increases post-logging, open-habitat species thrive due to soil disturbance, whereas ancient forest indicator species decline. This trend is exacerbated by the size of clear-felled sites, with larger areas showing greater loss of biodiversity. Despite these changes, the study reveals a strong potential for spontaneous recovery towards deciduous oak-lime-hornbeam forest communities, even after decades of spruce dominance. However, continuous salvage logging and tree planting reduce the likelihood of natural regeneration, threatening the forest's structural complexity and diversity.

The impact of social classes on the residential heritage Buildings Erbil Citadel as a case study

Erbil Citadel — 2019 — WHE1ED6714C9A

A study on the Erbil Citadel reveals that social class divisions significantly influenced the design of residential buildings, supporting the hypothesis that class distinctions shape architectural heritage. The research, employing a historical and analytical approach, examined three distinct regions within the citadel—Saray, Takiya, and Topkhana—reflecting Ottoman Empire social stratification until 1918. Findings indicate that economic, professional, lifestyle, and cultural factors underpinning class differences translated into architectural variations in residential structures. The study's two-part methodology first explored theoretical aspects of social layering and historical context, followed by an analysis of how these dynamics manifested in the citadel's design. This work contributes to understanding the interplay between societal structures and tangible heritage preservation.

The Impact of the Land Cover Dynamics on Surface Urban Heat Island Variations in Semi-Arid Cities: A Case Study in Ahmedabad City, India, Using Multi-Sensor/Source Data

Historic City of Ahmadabad — 2019 — WHEB02617FE9E

Ahmedabad, a rapidly growing semi-arid city in India, exhibits unique surface urban heat island (SUHI) dynamics influenced by land cover changes. Unlike typical arid cities, Ahmedabad shows a negative SUHI during summer daytime due to higher rural land surface temperatures (LST), primarily caused by sparse vegetation and bare croplands. However, positive SUHIs emerge during winter daytime (0.4 °C) and nighttime in both seasons (up to 3.2 °C). A field campaign confirmed rural LSTs can exceed urban LSTs by ~5 °C, highlighting the need for careful biophysical interpretation. Despite urban expansion from 2003–2018, SUHI intensity remained stable, though its spatial footprint grew. Multi-sensor data analysis revealed no correlation between summer daytime SUHI and evapotranspiration in urban areas, but a strong negative correlation (-0.73) existed for LST and evapotranspiration.

The Importance of Assessing the Level of Service in Confined Infrastructures: Some Considerations of the Old Ottoman Pedestrian Bridge of Mostar

Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar — 2019 — WHEC4FE597C0B

A study on the Old Ottoman Pedestrian Bridge of Mostar reveals that pedestrian traffic flow and Level of Service (LOS) can be effectively assessed through simulation, even in confined historical structures with unique geometric challenges. The research highlights how pedestrian trajectories, influenced by cultural habits and temporary obstacles, vary significantly between weekdays and holidays, impacting bridge congestion. Using video data and the Viswalk simulation tool, the study calibrated different scenarios—including emergency conditions—to demonstrate how LOS fluctuates under critical flow conditions. Findings provide actionable insights for local authorities to design interventions that optimize pedestrian movement on this UNESCO World Heritage Site, balancing preservation with functional demands.

The Influence of a Railway on Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) in Canada’s Rocky Mountain Parks

Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks — 2019 — WHE4A48AFFE46

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in Canada’s Rocky Mountain Parks are highly vulnerable to railway-associated mortality, with train collisions being the leading cause of recorded bear deaths. The Canadian Pacific Railway enhances vegetation diversity and productivity compared to adjacent forests, attracting bears due to higher sugar content and earlier ripening of forage plants like dandelions and spilled grain. Bears exhibit strong seasonality in railway use (spring and fall) and prefer rugged terrain near sidings, where movement is constrained. While prolonged rail use does not predict mortality hotspots, it occurs in areas with lower strike rates. Contaminant analysis revealed elevated levels of heavy metals and PAHs in railway-associated forage, particularly in spilled grain, though metal exposure did not correlate with increased rail use frequency. Mitigation strategies should focus on removing attractants (e.g., grain) and maintaining contaminated zones while enhancing safe foraging alternatives to reduce wildlife-train collisions.

The influence of atrium types on the consciousness of shared space in amalgamated traditional dwellings – a case study on traditional dwellings in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China

Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China — 2019 — WHE8850C0FC73

Research reveals that the type of atrium space in amalgamated traditional dwellings significantly influences residents' consciousness of shared space, with porch enclosures, hallway connections, and direct pathways showing distinct impacts. The study, conducted in Quanzhou City's West Street area, used surveying, mapping, and data analysis to assess how modernization has transformed single-family buildings into multi-family structures, shifting shared spaces from streets to atria. Findings indicate that the overflow of atrium space—both two- and three-dimensional—plays a crucial role in shaping occupants' perceptions. This work provides insights into the architectural and social dynamics of traditional dwellings undergoing urbanization.

The influence of food availability, quality and body size on patch selection of coexisting grazer ungulates in western Serengeti National Park

Serengeti National Park — 2019 — WHEC3E74E247E

In the western Serengeti National Park, ungulate body size and mouth morphology significantly influence dietary resource separation and patch selection, even during the food-abundant wet season. Large-bodied species like buffalo and wildebeest preferentially utilize patches with greater food abundance, while smaller species such as impala consume higher-protein, lower-fibre foods. The study found that dissimilar-sized species exhibit greater dietary niche overlap when food is not limiting, supporting the hypothesis that body size differences facilitate coexistence among grazers. Researchers used road transects and direct observations to analyze diet and distribution of five ungulate species across three vegetation types, measuring grassland biomass, structure, and nutrient content. These findings suggest that integrating fire as a forage management tool with grazing preferences could enhance wildlife habitat quality in protected areas.

The international islands

Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos — 2019 — WHEDEFE2C5208

A recent study reveals the dynamic cultural and economic landscape of the Early Bronze Age Aegean, characterized by a cosmopolitan phase marked by extensive maritime connectivity. The research highlights the transition from dispersed to nucleated settlements, with fortified towns like Palamari on Skyros emerging during periods of unrest. Key sites, such as the Heraion on Samos, exhibit advanced urban features including waste water systems, elite housing, and communal halls. The study also sheds light on burial practices, with notable cemeteries like Chalandriani on Syros, and iconic artifacts such as Cycladic marble figurines and enigmatic 'frying pans.' Additionally, it explores the widespread trade of metals like copper, silver, and lead, sourced from islands like Siphnos and Kythnos. The findings are based on carefully dated strata and excavations across multiple sites, providing a comprehensive view of this transformative period in Aegean prehistory.

The it History of Jodrell Bank

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2019 — WHE30075DAC25

Jodrell Bank Observatory's radio telescopes represent a landmark in the intersection of astronomy and computer science. Their development, as explored by Ian Morison FRAS, 35th Gresham Professor of Astronomy, highlights how advancements in computational technology have revolutionized radio astronomy. The observatory's telescopes, including the iconic Lovell Telescope, were pioneers in using early computers to process and analyze astronomical data, enabling groundbreaking observations of celestial phenomena such as quasars and pulsars. This historical account underscores the symbiotic relationship between computer science and astrophysics, demonstrating how computational innovations have expanded humanity's understanding of the universe.

The Kambārī  in the Museum of the Frankincense Land, Salalah, Oman

Land of Frankincense — 2019 — WHE6CE6146EC1

A rare surviving example of the kambārī, a sewn-plank boat historically used for fishing and lightering in Dhofar, Oman, is documented in detail. This vessel, one of only five known to exist, provides valuable insights into traditional maritime craftsmanship in the region. The study presents an accurate pictorial record and analysis of its construction, contextualizing it within similar vessels found in Oman, South Yemen, and Somalia. By examining this 1980-built kambārī housed at the Museum of the Frankincense Land in Salalah, researchers contribute to the understanding of historical maritime practices in the Frankincense Trail.

The Karst Biosphere Reserve in Slovenia

Škocjan Caves — 2019 — WHEE37488DA94

The UNESCO Man and the Biosphere programme has demonstrated significant effectiveness in conserving natural and cultural heritage while promoting sustainable development at the Karst Biosphere Reserve in Slovenia. Since its establishment in 2003, the Škocjan Caves Park Public Service Agency has developed a system that integrates scientific research with local community engagement, emphasizing education, awareness-raising, and participatory approaches to ensure long-term ecosystem preservation. This approach highlights the importance of incorporating human dimensions into environmental management for sustainable use.

The Kazan Kremlin as Part of World Historical and Cultural Heritage (on the 25th Anniversary of the State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve of the Kazan Kremlin)

Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin — 2019 — WHECDE4BFC0BA

The Kazan Kremlin, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands as a testament to its multifaceted historical significance spanning Volga Bulgaria, the Golden Horde, the Kazan Khanate, and the Russian state. This study synthesizes research on the site's evolution from a military and trade hub to a cultural landmark, while also analyzing its inclusion in the UNESCO list. It systematically reviews archaeological findings, restoration efforts, conservation strategies, and legal frameworks that have shaped the State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve over 25 years. The research identifies key factors, techniques, and innovative approaches that have contributed to the preservation and development of this iconic site.

The King’s Observatory at Greenwich and the First Astronomers Royal: Flamsteed to Bliss

Maritime Greenwich — 2019 — WHE699F1624FA

The Royal Observatory at Greenwich, established in 1675, revolutionized maritime navigation by prioritizing high-precision angular data to determine longitude at sea. This approach, championed by the first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, and his successors—Edmond Halley, James Bradley, Nathaniel Bliss, and Nevil Maskelyne—combined advanced instrumental accuracy with systematic observation. The observatory's success was not only due to the astronomers but also to the craftsmen like Thomas Tompion, George Graham, and John Bird, who designed and built the instruments that made these breakthroughs possible. This collaboration of science, technology, history, and maritime safety at Greenwich laid the foundation for modern astronomy and navigation.