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Jericho and the Chronology of Palestine in the Early Bronze Age: a Radiometric Re-Assessment

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2018 — WHEF69C4B6403

A re-assessment of radiometric dating at Ancient Jericho challenges the previously proposed two-century shift in the Early Bronze Age chronology of Palestine. This study, conducted by a joint expedition from Sapienza University of Rome and Palestinian MOTA-DACH (1997–2018), reanalyzed published carbon-14 dates alongside new samples from carefully stratified contexts at Tell es-Sultan/Jericho. The findings suggest a more cautious approach to the 'High Chronology,' advocating for a multi-based chronology that aligns better with historical reconstructions of the Early Bronze Age in Syria-Palestine and Egypt. This work addresses gaps in prior revisions, which relied on incomplete sequences from other sites like Tel Yarmouth and Megiddo.

Jerusalem, the Old City

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2018 — WHEA65BA69AD1

A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City uncovered layers of history spanning from the Second Temple period to the Ottoman era. The study, conducted by K. Raphael and colleagues, revealed a quarry dating back to the Second Temple period and remnants of a Medieval building, which served as the foundation for an Ottoman-period structure still in use today. Numismatic analysis by R. Kool and faunal studies by R. Bouchnick provided additional insights into the site's historical significance. This excavation, directed by Raphael, offers a rare glimpse into Jerusalem's complex architectural and cultural evolution over centuries.

Jerusalem, the Old City: Second Temple Period Quarry and a Medieval Building

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2018 — WHEC084603852

A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City uncovered significant remnants from two distinct historical periods: a Second Temple period quarry and a Medieval building. The quarry, dating back to the time of the Second Temple, provides valuable insights into ancient construction practices. Meanwhile, the Medieval structure, which later supported an Ottoman-period building still in use today, offers a glimpse into Jerusalem's layered history. Conducted by K. Raphael for the Israel Antiquities Authority, the excavation involved numismatic analysis by R. Kool and faunal studies by R. Bouchnick. This research sheds light on the architectural evolution of one of the world's most historically rich urban landscapes.

Jerusalem, the Old City: The Coins

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2018 — WHE9A567D0DED

A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City revealed a sequence of structures spanning from the Second Temple period to the Ottoman era, with the latter building still in use. Among the findings were coins that provided numismatic insights into the region's history. Conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority and directed by K. Raphael, the excavation uncovered a quarry, a Medieval building, and an Ottoman-period structure built upon its ruins. R. Kool identified the coins, contributing to the understanding of Jerusalem's economic and cultural evolution over centuries.

Jerusalem, the Old City: The Faunal Remains

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2018 — WHE20CA8D4AE7

A salvage excavation at 7 Shone Halakhot Street in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City revealed significant layers spanning the Second Temple period, Medieval times, and the Ottoman era. The study identified a quarry from the Second Temple period and walls that served as the foundation for an Ottoman-period building still in use today. Faunal remains were analyzed to reconstruct dietary practices and environmental conditions across these historical periods. The research, conducted by R. Bouchnick, provides insights into the region's faunal composition and human-animal interactions over a span of two millennia.

Jewish Christianity in Late Antique Aksum and Ḥimyar? A Reassessment of the Evidence and a New Proposal

Aksum — 2018 — WHEF7CA17160F

A new proposal challenges the notion of significant Jewish influence on Ethiopian Christianity, instead attributing observed linguistic and cultural elements to commercial and cultural interactions with Syro-Palestinian Judaism. The study reexamines Aksumite archaeological, epigraphic, literary, and linguistic evidence, finding no proof of organized Jewish communities in Aksum but confirming well-established Judean communities in Ḥimyar since the 2nd century CE. It suggests that the adoption of Jewish practices by Ḥimyarite elites, combined with political shifts following the defeat of the Jewish king Yūsuf ʾAsʾar Yathʾar by Aksumite King Kaleb in 525, led to a more conciliatory form of Christianity emphasizing Israelite heritage. This shift contributed to the long-term establishment of a Judaizing kind of Christianity in Ethiopia.

Jinmyoja(鎭墓者) in Koguryo Tomb Murals

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2018 — WHE94176B95A0

Koguryo tomb murals reveal a shift from traditional grave guardians (jinmyoja) to cosmic and divine protectors, reflecting distinct cultural beliefs about the afterlife. Unlike Chinese practices where jinmyoja were consistently depicted or included as grave goods, Koguryo art favored cosmic figures like universe guardians (uijiksa) and divine messengers (sashin), suggesting a lesser emphasis on physical or spiritual remnants (pyeok/yeukchehon) lingering in tombs. This study analyzes these visual trends, showing how Koguryo culture prioritized the afterlife space over the tomb itself, with murals serving as protective symbols for the deceased's new existence—whether celestial or pure land-inspired.

Joggins Fossil Institute Abstracts 2018: 1st Joggins Research Symposium

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2018 — WHEFFED25C775

The first Joggins Research Symposium, held in 2018 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Joggins Fossil Cliffs' UNESCO World Heritage Site designation, brought together researchers from diverse fields such as ichnology, sedimentology, education, and vertebrate research. The symposium featured 12 abstracts and over 25 participants, including academics, government scientists, and museum representatives, fostering collaboration and discussion. A key highlight was a field trip to the cliffs, providing inspiration for ongoing studies. The event underscored the significance of Joggins Fossil Cliffs as a vital site for scientific research and education, supported by institutions like the Atlantic Geoscience Society.

Johannes Kentmann, Conrad Gessner und die Einführung des Feigenkaktus in Europa im 16. Jahrhundert

Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua — 2018 — WHECB1868B7B2

Historical research reveals that the name Opuntia for prickly pear cactus was first used in print by Pietro Andrea Mattioli in 1554, though its earliest documented appearance traces back to 1549 in Johannes Kentmann's illustrated manuscript (Codex Kentmanus). Attribution of this naming is credited to Luigi Anguillara, then curator of Padua's Botanical Garden. Two surviving manuscripts by Kentmann—Codex Kentmanus and Kreutterbuch from 1563—offer insights into the introduction of succulent plants in Europe during the 16th century. The study also highlights Conrad Gessner's copies of these illustrations, providing a visual record of botanical knowledge exchange between scholars.

Kajian Interaksi Pengguna Untuk Navigasi Aplikasi Prambanan VR Berbasis Virtual Reality

Prambanan Temple Compounds — 2018 — WHEEFAEF675DC

A more natural interaction method, walk-in-place (WIP), minimizes cybersickness while navigating large virtual environments, despite being slower and less accurate. This finding is significant for enhancing user experience in VR applications like the Prambanan Temple Compounds VR app, which aims to manage visitor numbers by providing an immersive, realistic exploration of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study compared three navigation techniques—gamepad, head-tilt, and WIP—and found that while gamepad and head-tilt offered faster and more precise navigation, WIP provided the most immersive experience with minimal motion sickness. This insight is crucial for designing VR applications that balance realism, performance, and user comfort.

Karst Detection Beneath the Pyramid of El Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, by Non-Invasive ERT-3D Methods

Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza — 2018 — WHEB3A77193AE

Researchers have uncovered evidence of a potential karst cavity beneath the Pyramid of El Castillo at Chichen Itza, Mexico, using non-invasive 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT-3D). This low-resistivity anomaly, likely filled with sweet water, was detected without disturbing the pyramid's structure or historical context. The study demonstrates that specialized ERT arrays can effectively investigate subsoil conditions beneath archaeological buildings, offering insights into their religious significance. Additionally, the method was validated at El Osario pyramid, where a natural cavity had previously been discovered, further confirming its reliability for non-invasive subsoil analysis in World Heritage Sites.

Karstic spring wetlands of the Persepolis Basin, southwest Iran: unique sediment archives of Holocene environmental change and human impacts

Persepolis — 2018 — WHED84805C87C

Karstic spring wetlands in the Persepolis Basin, southwest Iran, serve as unique sediment archives that record Holocene environmental changes and human impacts. These wetlands, characterized by their anastomosing structure and formation under specific geological conditions—such as karstic limestone aquifers, gentle slopes, and semiarid climate fluctuations—offer valuable insights into past environmental dynamics. The study highlights the significance of these ecosystems in collision-related basin-and-range settings dominated by karstic limestones. Additionally, the wetlands have played a crucial role in attracting human settlements, with archaeological materials embedded in their stratigraphy providing evidence of successive civilizations from the Elamites to early Islamic entities. However, many of these ecosystems have been lost due to recent intensive human activities.

Kathryn E. O’Rourke. Modern Architecture in Mexico City: History, Representation, and the Shaping of a Capital.

Luis Barragán House and Studio — 2018 — WHE9056D8147D

Kathryn E. O'Rourke's study reveals that Mexican modernism's intellectual roots trace back to colonial architectural history, shaping the nation's built environment from 1900 to 1953. The research identifies a paradigm shift in architecture, where federal-sponsored projects fused international modernism with indigenous elements, culminating in University City—a landmark embracing ahistoricist modernism. O'Rourke argues that architects like Luis Barragán, despite rejecting nationalistic styles, subtly 'Mexicanized' modernism through vernacular techniques and folk art influences. The study employs archival analysis of primary texts (e.g., Baxter's Spanish-Colonial Architecture in Mexico) and secondary sources, complemented by photographic documentation, to trace the evolution of architectural representation in post-revolutionary Mexico.

Kerjasama Antar Daerah dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Kawasan Sangiran

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2018 — WHEB6A313352A

Effective interregional collaboration exists in developing tourism at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Sangiran, driven by shared vision and economic benefits. The study found strong coordination among stakeholders, including local governments, with clear roles for administrators and sustained communication. While leadership support and policy alignment from central government facilitate cooperation, financial constraints remain a key barrier. Recommendations include enhancing the role of local governments as dynamic facilitators and leveraging cultural potential to boost tourism engagement.

Khami

Khami Ruins National Monument — 2018 — WHE1DF75A3B9A

The management of heritage sites, such as the Khami World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe, is profoundly influenced by national narratives and cultural contexts. This study reveals that a site's significance in the national narrative, shaped by factors like culture, identity, and rights, determines its conservation approach. The research analyzes how local and national memory, alongside criteria for identification and management, impact heritage policies. It argues that the historical celebration of a nation and the context of a heritage place are pivotal in shaping its management strategies. By examining Khami's cultural landscape, the study provides insights into broader trends affecting World Heritage Site conservation.

Kilauea Eruptions and the Hawaiian Archipelago

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2018 — WHED27B589677

A surge of Mount Kilauea eruptions (May to August 2018) underscores the volcanic origin and formation of the Hawaiian Archipelago, revealing a dynamic process driven by a stationary hotspot beneath the Pacific seafloor. The study highlights how this hotspot, originating from deep within Earth's mantle, creates a line of volcanic islands as the Pacific plate moves northwestward. Beyond Hawaii, submerged seamounts like the Emperor Seamount chain and similar structures in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans demonstrate that this phenomenon is not unique to Hawaii but reflects global tectonic activity over millions of years. The research synthesizes geological evidence from multiple oceanic chains, illustrating the long-term interaction between mantle plumes and plate movements.

Kırsal Turizmde İşletmelerin Rolü: Cumalikızlık Örneği

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire — 2018 — WHE6040D7EA48

Rural tourism, a growing segment within the tourism industry, is increasingly supported for its potential to drive regional development. This study reveals that business owners in Cumalıkızık, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bursa, Turkey, hold predominantly positive attitudes toward rural tourism. However, it also highlights significant discrepancies between local businesses and municipal authorities, particularly regarding restoration efforts. The research suggests that while businesses focus on tourist numbers, there is an urgent need for education to prioritize the preservation of local heritage. Conducted through qualitative interviews with 18 business owners, this study aims to understand their perspectives on rural tourism and provides actionable recommendations to address these challenges.

Knockfin Heights: a high-altitude Flow Country peatland showing extensive erosion of uncertain origin

The Flow Country — 2018 — WHEBD13DBC7D0

A high-altitude peatland at Knockfin Heights in Scotland's Flow Country exhibits significant erosion, with 10.5% of the area covered by bare peat and a notable increase in pool fullness from 30-60% (1946–2005) to 75% in 2016. This suggests potential spontaneous recovery, challenging the necessity for active restoration management. The study used ground surveys (2005) and aerial photographs (1946–2016) to measure bare peat extent and pool fullness, respectively. While erosion causes remain uncertain—ranging from human activity to natural processes—the findings imply that some eroded peatlands may recover without intervention. Further research is recommended to clarify erosion trajectories and causes over the next decade.

Komodo Dragon Predation on Crab-Eating Macaques at the Rinca Island’s Visitor Centre, Indonesia

Komodo National Park — 2018 — WHE61767C2E16

A study at Komodo National Park revealed that crab-eating macaques constitute 20.7% of the diet of Komodo dragons on Rinca Island, a significantly higher proportion than previously reported. This finding suggests increased predation pressure on macaques, particularly due to their heightened use of the forest floor—likely influenced by ecotourism—which may reduce access to preferred prey species during daylight hours. Researchers analyzed osteological remains and other dietary traces from 2013 while assessing macaque behavior through focal sampling to quantify habitat use. The results highlight a critical interaction between tourism, prey availability, and predator-prey dynamics in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kültürel Turizmin Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Çevresel Etkilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Safranbolu Örneği / A Research on Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Cultural Tourism: Safranbolu Example

City of Safranbolu — 2018 — WHE39ACB11424

Cultural tourism in Safranbolu, Turkey, significantly boosts local economy and heritage preservation but also drives up living costs. A 2018 study involving 424 senior students from Karabük University revealed that while cultural tourism creates new business opportunities, generates additional income, and promotes cultural exchange, it concurrently increases land and housing prices, contributing to affordability challenges. Participants identified key obstacles including inadequate advertising, poor infrastructure, transportation difficulties, and insufficient tourism education. To enhance cultural tourism supply, the study recommends intensified and diversified promotional efforts, improved transportation and accommodation conditions, and greater awareness among locals about tourism activities.