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Density of leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) in Horton Plains National Park in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

Central Highlands of Sri Lanka — 2017 — WHE29B59E4CEF

Researchers have determined that the density of leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) in Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka, is approximately 11.7 adult individuals per 100 km², marking the first robust estimate for this species in Sri Lanka's montane zone. This finding provides critical baseline data for managing the endangered, endemic Sri Lankan leopard population. The study employed remote cameras within a spatially explicit capture-recapture framework to estimate leopard density and distance sampling to assess prey availability. Notably, sambar density was found to be 178 individuals per km² in central grasslands, highlighting these areas as key resources for both sambar and leopards.

Depositional Environment of Intertrappean and Intratrappean Beds of the Anjar Area, Kachchh District, India: Foraminiferal Evidence

Anjar — 2017 — WHEFF20FEEDDB

A study of the Anjar area, Kachchh district, India, reveals that intertrappean and intratrappean beds associated with Deccan volcanics were deposited under shallow marine or ocean-connected lacustrine conditions, contradicting earlier suggestions of a freshwater environment. Foraminiferal assemblages, including Rotalia, Elphidium, Quinqueloculina, and Nonion species, along with siliciclastic grains and bioclasts, indicate shallow water deposition. Notably, the presence of planktic foraminifera (Pseudogloborotalia ranikotensis and Globigerina triloculinoides) in intertrappean bed L-3 suggests higher water depths during deposition. The research documents a transition from non-marine to marine and back to non-marine environments, implying phases of marine transgression followed by regression.

Depth related brachiopod faunas from the lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of southern Labrador and western Newfoundland, Canada

Gros Morne National Park — 2017 — WHE68733AE815

A groundbreaking study identifies distinct brachiopod assemblages in the lower Cambrian Forteau Formation, revealing depth-related distributional patterns of these ancient marine organisms. The research distinguishes three assemblages: two shallow-water groups associated with archaeocyathans and one deeper-water assemblage from Gros Morne National Park. These assemblages define two biozones and provide the first analysis of environmental constraints shaping brachiopod distribution in eastern Laurentia's lower Cambrian succession. Notably, specific taxa like Botsfordia caelata thrive in shallow environments, while Eoobolus priscus and Eothele tubulus dominate deeper settings. The study also introduces a new brachiopod species, Kyrshabaktella diabola n., offering insights into palaeodepth indicators and expanding our understanding of Cambrian palaeoenvironments.

Der Reformator Martin Luther 2017: Eine wissenschaftliche und gedenkpolitische Bestandaufnahme ed. by Heinz Schilling

Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg — 2017 — WHE044B0E4600

A comprehensive analysis of the commemoration and memorialization surrounding Martin Luther and the Reformation's 500th anniversary reveals the complex interplay between historical interpretation and political appropriation. The study, led by Heinz Schilling, deconstructs layers of myth and misinterpretation to contextualize Luther's thoughts and actions within their original historical context. It examines the effects of the Reformation on Germany, explores Luther's views on Judaism and Islam, and investigates the reception of his ideas in constitutional development. Additionally, it assesses the impact of Nazi-era commemorations and post-war celebrations on the perception of the Reformation. The research employs a combination of historical analysis, micro-historical approaches, and systematic theology to bridge the gap between academic interpretation and political commemoration.

Der Russlandhandel Lübecks im Pamphlet „Kurzer Bericht undt Information der Hansischen von Alters Hero auf Lieflandt und Russlandt Gebrauchter Sigillation, Gewerb undt Hantirung“ von 1571 aus dem Stadtarchiv Tallinn; pp. 49–64

Hanseatic City of Lübeck — 2017 — WHE27082D3B3C

A previously unknown letter from Lübeck to Reval, dated 1571 and preserved in the Tallinn City Archives, reveals the city's strategic efforts to preserve and expand Hanseatic League privileges in Russia and Livonia. The document outlines a program aimed at maintaining old markets while simultaneously seeking to centralize lucrative Euro-Russian trade under Hanseatic control, particularly through Russian cities. This shift would have bolstered Lübeck's economic and political influence during a period of decline for the Hanseatic League. The letter also highlights Lübeck's intent to leverage Reval's mediation in upcoming Russian–Swedish negotiations to achieve these goals.

Description of Afrogyrodactylus ardae sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Rhabdalestes septentrionalis (Characiformes: Alestidae) in the Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal

Niokolo-Koba National Park — 2017 — WHE081EB3A712

A new monogenean species, Afrogyrodactylus ardae, has been discovered from the African tetra, Rhabdalestes septentrionalis, in the Niokolo-Koba National Park and Gambie River, Senegal. This finding represents a novel host record for the genus Afrogyrodactylus and distinguishes itself from three known species through its smaller opisthaptoral hard parts and unique sickle-shaped marginal hooks. The study, conducted during 2008, provides critical insights into the diversity of monogeneans in this UNESCO World Heritage Site, contributing to our understanding of parasitic relationships in aquatic ecosystems.

Description of a new species of Lamellothyrea Krikken (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2017 — WHE0EE864B6D6

Researchers have identified a new species of beetle, Lamellothyrea isimangaliso, within the genus Lamellothyrea Krikken, 1980, found exclusively in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This discovery resolves previous taxonomic ambiguity surrounding L. descarpentriesi, revealing two distinct species separated by a significant geographical gap in southern Mozambique. The new species is characterized by unique clypeal structure, dorsal tomentum patterns, and aedeagal paramere shape, with its distribution restricted to dune forest habitats along the coastal belt. Adult activity of L. isimangaliso exhibits seasonal peaks tied to rainfall, occurring at the onset of summer and in autumn. The study leverages recent field data from northern KwaZulu-Natal and Maputo Bay, Mozambique, to clarify species boundaries through morphological analysis.

Description of Mastobranchus uru sp. nov. (Annelida: Capitellidae) from Iriomote Island, Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2017 — WHE83A4E2764C

Scientists have discovered a new species of annelid worm, Mastobranchus uru, from the tidal flats of Iriomote Island, part of Japan's Okinawa region. This species is distinguished by its unique arrangement of capillary chaetae and hook teeth, setting it apart from its three known relatives. The research utilized genetic analysis, specifically barcoding a segment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, to confirm the worm's novel status. This finding contributes to our understanding of biodiversity in UNESCO World Heritage Sites, particularly in the Amami-Oshima and Okinawa Islands, highlighting the importance of such ecosystems for scientific discovery.

Descriptions of Four New Species of Struthoscelis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae: Oecophorinae), One from Area De Conservación Guanacaste, Northwestern Costa Rica, Providing the First Known Biology for the Genus, and Discovery of a Novel Wing Morphology in Males

Area de Conservación Guanacaste — 2017 — WHEEA6612BF5C

Researchers have uncovered four new species of Struthoscelis, including one from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Notably, this study provides the first known biology for the genus and identifies a novel male wing morphology, challenging existing generic diagnoses. The discovery was achieved through detailed morphological analysis and comparative illustrations, shedding light on the diversity and evolutionary intricacies of this lepidopteran group.

Designing Mobile Application To Motivate Young People To Visit Cultural Heritage Sites

Shrines and Temples of Nikko — 2017 — WHE012FBCA222

A mobile application leveraging Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons effectively engages young people in exploring the cultural heritage of Nikko, Japan. By combining real-time information—such as historical context, maps, and local services—with interactive quizzes, the app capitalizes on psychological principles like the Zeigarnik effect to enhance learning. Trials demonstrated positive reception for basic features and improved cultural understanding among young users who utilized quiz functions. The application also facilitates community integration by providing notifications about local businesses and transportation, fostering a sense of living heritage. This innovative approach addresses challenges in traditional signage while offering scalable solutions for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Destruction of Cultural Heritage in 19th-Century France: Old Stones versus Modern Identities by Michael Greenhalgh

The Maison Carrée of Nîmes — 2017 — WHE988DE8A338

Nineteenth-century France's rapid modernization led to the near-total eradication of its ancient architectural heritage, including Gallo-Roman structures, due to irreconcilable conflicts between preservation and development. Michael Greenhalgh's study reveals that despite the establishment of archaeological societies and efforts by figures like Prosper Mérimée, the period saw widespread destruction of monuments, with only a few exceptions like Nîmes' Maison Carrée surviving. The work challenges the notion that the 19th century valued historical preservation, highlighting how restoration projects often imposed modern interpretations over original ruins. Greenhalgh's analysis, supported by annotated illustrations and French quotations, underscores the irreversible loss of France's cultural heritage during this era.

Desvelando un fantasma. Sobre un mapamundi árabe, la Torre de Hércules y las representaciones de faros en la cartografía medieval

Tower of Hercules — 2017 — WHE9E1CFE69C7

A 10th-century Arab world map, preserved at the Oxford Bodleian Library, features an enigmatic depiction of a dilapidated tower opposite the Iberian Peninsula, initially thought to represent the Tower of Hercules. This study clarifies the circumstances surrounding this representation and explores medieval cartographic depictions of lighthouses, including the Tower of Hercules. The research examines 'The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes,' a cosmographic and geographical treatise, revealing that while the hypothesis linking the tower to Hercules was abandoned, it offers valuable insights into how medieval mappae mundi portrayed such structures.

Detecting Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines Using SAR Data Collected from Airborne and Satellite Platforms

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2017 — WHEE660C5E114

A groundbreaking study leverages synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from both airborne and satellite platforms to detect and measure landscape disturbances threatening the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Nasca and Palpa, home to the iconic Nasca Lines. The research demonstrates that even pedestrian-scale disturbances are discernible using L-band SAR correlation images, while C-band SAR data from ESA’s Sentinel-1 satellites offers high-resolution insights into landscape changes with a repeat pass interval as short as six days. This allows for precise identification of disturbance time windows (1–3 weeks) without compromising spatial coverage. The study also introduces pixel value stretching techniques and statistical methods to quantify and validate landscape changes, providing a robust framework for monitoring archaeological sites and ecosystems under threat.

Detection of Land Subsidence in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Using DInSAR Technique

Kathmandu Valley — 2017 — WHECE7C2C76D1

A study applying Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) to ALOS PALSAR data detected significant land subsidence in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, between 2007 and 2010. Subsidence areas, ranging from 1 km² to 9.9 km², exhibited velocities of up to 4.8 cm/year, with depths reaching 17 cm. The phenomenon was predominantly observed in old settlement zones with mixed land use, correlating with high concentrations of groundwater extraction wells. Geological formations, primarily unconsolidated fine-grained sediments, were identified as the primary factor contributing to subsidence due to groundwater extraction. This research highlights the vulnerability of urban areas built on such geological substrates to subsidence risks.

Detection of Leishmania DNA and Blood Meal Identification in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2017 — WHEBB7B5450C7

A study conducted over 36 months in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil, revealed significant insights into the transmission dynamics of leishmaniasis. The research identified Lutzomyia longipalpis as a vector for Leishmania infantum with a 3.7% infection rate, while non-vector species like Lu. lenti and Lu. whitmani also showed low infection rates (0.6% and 0.9%, respectively). Notably, Lu. whitmani was detected as a vector for Le. braziliensis at a 0.3% rate, and Lu. flaviscutellata had an 8% infection rate with Le. amazonensis. Blood meal analysis of sand flies indicated feeding on pigs (37.9%), dogs (27.4%), chickens (20.9%), horses (9%), rodents (3.3%), and humans (1.4%). These findings suggest potential transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and American tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in the region, implicating both domestic animals and humans in disease spread.

Determining the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia from its sandstone block characteristics

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2017 — WHE0F7C4B54ED

Researchers have determined the construction sequence of the Preah Vihear monument in Cambodia, revealing that it spans from the Bakheng style period to the Angkor Wat style period (9th to 12th century). The study identified five distinct construction stages by analyzing the chemical composition, magnetic susceptibility, and size of sandstone blocks, as well as pediment end styles and tympana reliefs. Notably, the Western Annex Hall (N2) was found to be the oldest structure. Additionally, the research clarified that during Preah Vihear's construction, the style of pediment ends evolved from single-block scrolls to two-block scrolls, culminating in five-headed nagas, while sandstone block sizes increased significantly over time.

Determining the Economic Value of Historical Monuments of Bisotun Using the Method of Individuals’ Willingness to Pay (WTP)

Bisotun — 2017 — WHE453915FD19

A significant economic value, exceeding $1.2 million annually, has been attributed to the historical monuments of Bisotun based on individuals' willingness to pay (WTP). This study employs a contingent valuation method to quantify the non-market benefits derived from preserving and maintaining these UNESCO World Heritage Sites. By analyzing respondents' stated preferences through surveys, researchers provide empirical evidence supporting the substantial economic importance of cultural heritage conservation efforts at Bisotun.

Deux ornements réversibles du XVIIIe siècle : de Saint-Papoul à Carcassonne

Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne — 2017 — WHEB965CDCE8E

Two reversible ornaments from the 18th century, originally from Saint-Papoul (Aude), were discovered in the cathedral of Carcassonne. These ornements, which exhibit unique craftsmanship and historical significance, provide valuable insights into the artistic and cultural exchanges between regions during this period. The study employed a detailed analysis of the ornaments' design, materials, and provenance to trace their origins and journey from Saint-Papoul to Carcassonne. This research contributes to our understanding of the material culture and heritage conservation practices in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne.

Developments in Animal Husbandry and Food Supply in Roman Germania Inferior

Frontiers of the Roman Empire — 2017 — WHE2F94A8A829

A detailed zooarchaeological analysis of Roman Germania Inferior reveals significant regional and temporal variations in animal husbandry practices, with distinct differences between western and eastern parts of the province. The study highlights inter- and intra-site variability in species proportions and cattle size, particularly within the well-documented Batavorum civitas, suggesting evolving farming and food supply systems. Changes in butchery methods over time further underscore the dynamic nature of Roman agricultural practices along the Rhine frontier.

Diagnóstico do emprego turístico gerado na cidade de Barreirinhas (MA)

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2017 — WHEF159048103

A favorable employment landscape is evident in Barreirinhas, Maranhão, Brazil, the gateway to Lençóis Maranhenses National Park—a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its unique natural beauty. This study quantifies and characterizes local tourism-related employment using the Touristic Employment Characterization Index (ICET), analyzing data from 12 hospitality businesses. Results indicate a well-structured, idealized employment framework, suggesting robust economic benefits tied to sustainable tourism practices in this critical destination.