Publications
Social Perspective about the Evolution of a Cultural Asset as a World Heritage Site. Case Study: The Palmeral of Elche
The Palmeral of Elche, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000, exemplifies how cultural heritage can drive sustainable tourism growth while preserving its historical significance. This study identifies responsible and sustainable actions that balance the demands of tourism with the conservation of this Al-Andalus-era oasis landscape. Researchers employed qualitative methods—participant observation, thematic mapping, and in-depth interviews—to analyze interactions between social agents, heritage preservation, and tourism dynamics. The findings underscore the need for integrated strategies to safeguard cultural assets while maximizing their economic and societal benefits.
The Palmeral of Elche: an urban irrigation landscape
The Palmeral of Elche, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Southeast Spain, exemplifies the ingenious integration of Arab agricultural techniques to create a sustainable urban oasis. This study reveals that the 10th-century palm grove was designed not only for aesthetic beauty but as a functional system to stabilize soil, reduce water evaporation through shading, and shield crops from wind, thereby enhancing irrigation efficiency—a critical innovation for local agriculture and urban development. The research reexamines the grove's evolution, from its Arab origins through Christian conquest in the 13th century to modern transformations that shifted its focus away from agriculture. It also addresses contemporary challenges in preserving this unique landscape, particularly since its UNESCO designation in 2000, highlighting the need for adaptive conservation strategies to balance heritage protection with ecological and cultural sustainability.
Watermills in the historic irrigation system ‘Palmeral de Elche’, Spain: an example of early hydropower exploitation
A technical survey of 11 watermills in the UNESCO-listed Palmeral de Elche, Spain, reveals early hydropower exploitation within a historic Islamic-era irrigation system. These mills, operational until the last century, featured horizontal turbine-type waterwheels with hydraulic heads ranging from 2 to over 15 meters, demonstrating sophisticated engineering for flour production and energy dissipation in a multipurpose canal network. The study provides dimensions and technical parameters, offering insights into mill operation, power yield, and flour production within this unique European palm grove.
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