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Etnografia przestrzeni miejskiej. Znaczenia nadawane sacrum i dziedzictwu ulicy Grodzkiej w Krakowie

Historic Centre of Kraków — 2017 — WHEE259DE5826

Grodzka Street in Kraków, a UNESCO-listed heritage site, serves as a multifaceted palimpsest where sacred and cultural meanings intersect. This study reveals how diverse narratives—rooted in national, local, and personal histories—shape the street's significance for both inhabitants and visitors. Through ethnographic fieldwork and narrative analysis, the research explores the layered understandings of heritage and sacrality embedded in this urban space, contributing to a broader understanding of how cultural memory is constructed and transmitted in historic cityscapes.

Euphausiid assemblages of the oceanographically complex north-west marine bioregion of Australia

Ningaloo Coast — 2017 — WHECC35FE560B

A study of the Ningaloo Coast, part of Australia's north-west marine bioregion, revealed that euphausiid assemblages are significantly influenced by depth and oceanographic factors such as seawater density, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and mesozooplankton abundance. The research identified 25 euphausiid species, including three new records for Australian waters, with Pseudeuphausia latifrons dominating shelf waters while Stylocheiron carinatum thrived in deeper waters where species richness was higher. Higher concentrations of euphausiids were observed off Ningaloo, potentially linked to the region's unique bathymetry and oceanographic conditions. This study underscores the importance of physical and biogeochemical properties, as well as food availability, in shaping euphausiid assemblage variation in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Eurasia and India

Golden Mountains of Altai — 2017 — WHE035D457336

The 'Golden Mountains of Altai' region, spanning 351,000 km² in southern Siberia, shares deep cultural and spiritual parallels with India. This study highlights enduring traditions and beliefs prevalent across Buryatia, Khakassia, Altai, and Tuva Republics, emphasizing their connection to Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmologies—particularly the sacred Mount Meru (Sumeru). The research draws from firsthand travel experiences, documenting rituals like offerings of tea, bread, and coins at birch trees, which symbolize reverence for nature. It also explores Altai's multifaceted significance as a 'Gate to Shambhala' or 'Pearl of Asia,' bridging Eurasian and Indian spiritual landscapes. Methodologically, the study combines ethnographic observation with comparative analysis of religious texts, offering a nuanced perspective on transcontinental cultural syncretism.

Evaluación de los efectos derivados de las intervenciones de restauración realizadas sobre material pétreo :Teatro romano y Casa del Mitreo de Mérida

Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida — 2017 — WHE34D9F022F0

Restoration treatments on UNESCO-listed Roman heritage sites often cause irreversible damage or undesirable alterations, yet systematic evaluations of their long-term effects are rare. This study reveals that while protective treatments (e.g., siloxane-based hydrofugants) are generally more effective than consolidants (e.g., ethyl silicate), both show limited mid-term durability—declining after two years—with exceptions for acrylic resins on mural paintings. All treatments induce negative side effects, such as darkening, yellowing, and increased surface roughness, which heighten material alterability. Among the tested products, a novel experimental nanoproduct (UCAT-10P©) demonstrates the best balance of efficacy and reduced adverse impacts. The research employs portable, non-destructive techniques—including LIBS, infrared spectroscopy, and thermography—to assess treatments in situ, addressing gaps in laboratory-centric approaches by accounting for fluctuating environmental variables. Findings underscore the need for refined protocols to mitigate harm while preserving archaeological integrity.

Evaluating non-intrusive energy retrofits for the built heritage of the historic centre of oporto

Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar — 2017 — WHE300BE1EEC4

Enhancing ventilation proved to be the most effective non-intrusive energy retrofit strategy for historic buildings in Oporto's center, significantly reducing heating loads while preserving architectural integrity. The study evaluated two strategies—improving window performance and combining it with enhanced ventilation—using both static calculations based on 2013 energy regulations and dynamic simulations. Results demonstrated that these interventions could achieve comfortable heating conditions without violating cultural heritage preservation policies. This approach offers a sustainable solution for balancing energy efficiency with the conservation of historic structures, avoiding risks to patrimonial values posed by internal insulation methods.

Evaluating the effect of a year‐long film focused environmental education program on Ugandan student knowledge of and attitudes toward great apes

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2017 — WHE14AE1BE94F

A year-long environmental education program featuring conservation films significantly improved Ugandan students' knowledge of threats to great apes and their understanding of conservation strategies, particularly those living near Kibale National Park. The study, involving a trilogy of locally produced films and complementary activities, demonstrated that such targeted educational interventions can positively influence student attitudes toward great apes, increasing their agreement with statements about liking and valuing these species. This research provides evidence that regionally relevant conservation films, using local actors and settings, effectively enhance knowledge and attitudes among students in primate range countries.

Evaporite karst in Italy: a review

Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines — 2017 — WHE796E45D28C

Evaporite karst, formed by gypsum and anhydrite, is a rare but significant geological phenomenon found primarily along the northern border of Italy's Apennine chain (Emilia-Romagna and Marche), as well as in Calabria and Sicily. Recent discoveries in Piedmont's underground gypsum mines have expanded our understanding of these unique landscapes. Multidisciplinary studies from the late 20th century provided a comprehensive overview, while more recent research has focused on detailed investigations in Emilia-Romagna and Sicily. Additionally, sinkholes related to Permian-Triassic gypsum have been studied in Friuli Venezia Giulia. This review synthesizes current knowledge, highlighting new findings and promoting further exploration of these special karst regions.

Eventos Extremos de Precipitação no Perfil Longitudinal Paraty (RJ) - Campos do Jordão (SP)

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2017 — WHEC7B519C4D9

Extreme precipitation events along the longitudinal profile from Paraty (RJ) to Campos do Jordão (SP), Brazil, exhibit significant variability, with some 24-hour rainfall events exceeding monthly averages by up to 138.9%. This finding highlights the unpredictability of extreme weather patterns in this region, which spans UNESCO World Heritage Sites known for their cultural and biodiversity significance. The study analyzed 21 years (1982–2002) of daily precipitation data using statistical methods, including central tendency analysis and box plots, to assess distribution and outliers. While general trends were observed through monthly averages, the box plot method provided a more detailed view of precipitation variability, enhancing the understanding of rainfall patterns in this ecologically and culturally rich area.

Events and placemaking: the case of the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato, Mexico

Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines — 2017 — WHE822DDB54D0

The Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato, Mexico, significantly enhances the city's cultural appeal and attracts tourists drawn to its historic and colonial heritage. While the event fosters a positive perception of urban spaces and is highly appreciated by visitors, it also reveals critical gaps in public services such as traffic management, accessibility, waste disposal, and environmental noise, which negatively impact placemaking. The study highlights that despite these challenges, the festival contributes to transient placemaking through emotional connections and integrates the figure of Cervantes into the city's intangible heritage discourse. However, current policies fail to address social sustainability issues, including the uneven distribution of economic benefits. The research applies the Event Experience Scale (EES) methodology to assess visitor perceptions and urban dynamics, offering insights that could be adapted for similar festivals in other cities.

Evidence for both long‐distance dispersal and isolation in the Southern Oceans: molecular phylogeny of Sophora sect Edwardsia (Fabaceae)

Lord Howe Island Group — 2017 — WHEAC167513FA

A molecular phylogeny of Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae) reveals both long-distance dispersal and isolation patterns in the Southern Oceans. The study found that while chloroplast and nuclear sequences are shared across vast geographic distances, species on Pacific Islands like Lord Howe Island, Easter Island, Hawaii, and French Polynesia exhibit unique haplotypes, indicating genetic isolation. Notably, the S. chrysophylla haplotype is more closely related to those from French Polynesia than to S. denudata from Réunion Island, despite shared morphological traits. The research used DNA sequences from chloroplast spacers (trnQ-5′rps16 and trnH GUG-psbA) and the nuclear-encoded glutamine synthetase gene, analyzed through median-joining networks and phylogenetic approaches. This suggests complex evolutionary histories shaped by both dispersal and isolation in the region.

Evidence of Hominin Use and Maintenance of Fire at Zhoukoudian

Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian — 2017 — WHEFC44D8287D

New evidence confirms that Homo erectus pekinensis at Zhoukoudian Locality 1 used and maintained fire, challenging decades of skepticism. A comprehensive review of original field notes, excavation reports, and research papers, alongside ongoing investigations since 2009, reveals abundant, unambiguous traces of fire use in Layer 4. These findings, supported by geochemical and taphonomic analyses, suggest that early hominins at this UNESCO World Heritage Site possessed advanced subsistence capabilities. Future research may extend these discoveries to Layers 8–9 and 10, potentially resolving the long-standing debate surrounding hominin fire use in East Asia.

Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru ( AD 500–1100)

Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture — 2017 — WHE9DD8E1701C

A study of the Tiwanaku Colony in Moquegua, Peru (AD 500–1100) reveals that osteoarthritis patterns among its inhabitants were more influenced by age-at-death and sex than by subsistence lifestyle differences. Despite examining two distinct groups—Chen Chen-style (agrarian) and Omo-style (pastoralist)—researchers found no significant variations in osteoarthritis evidence between them. Instead, the study identified skeletal changes linked to specific tasks, supporting the cultural norm that labor began at a young age, with children as young as 5–8 years old engaging in light chores. The analysis of 25 joint surfaces from five sites, while controlling for age and sex, suggests that occupational stress manifested differently across genders and life stages, rather than between subsistence groups.

Evidence of paleoecological changes and Mousterian occupations at the Galería de las Estatuas site, Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Iberian plateau, Spain

Archaeological Site of Atapuerca — 2017 — WHEA48FD7174B

A newly discovered site, Galería de las Estatuas (GE), within the Sierra de Atapuerca archaeological complex, provides significant evidence of Neanderthal occupation and paleoecological changes during the Mousterian period in northern Iberia. Radiocarbon dating indicates human presence older than 45,140 years ago, while palynological analysis reveals a shift to increased tree coverage, suggesting a warming episode. The site's sedimentary sequence contains rich faunal and lithic assemblages, with taphonomic analysis pointing to both anthropogenic and carnivore activities. This discovery expands our understanding of Neanderthal behavior and environmental adaptation in Western Europe, underscoring the importance of Atapuerca as a key location for studying human evolution.

Evolution Evaluation and Optimization of Industrial Structure in Ecologically-sensitive and Contiguous Severely Poverty-stricken Areas in West China--A case study of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Area

Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas — 2017 — WHEE9130C7D7A

A case study of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas reveals that the region's industrial structure is characterized by unrealistic advancement, lack of diversification, and low specialization. This imbalance hinders poverty alleviation efforts in one of China's most ecologically sensitive and underdeveloped regions. The research employed diversification ratio and location quotient (LQ) to evaluate the evolution of industrial structure over time. Key findings suggest that sustainable development strategies should prioritize agriculture adapted to plateau characteristics, promote eco-friendly industrialization models, and leverage tourism as a driver for economic growth. These insights highlight the need for targeted structural optimization to balance ecological preservation with socioeconomic progress in such fragile landscapes.

Evolutionary Biogeography of the Australian Flora in the Cenozoic Era

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2017 — WHE130632BE98

The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia have been shaped by a complex interplay of contraction and diversification over the last 65 million years. A once-widespread mesic flora, comprising both rainforest and sclerophyll elements, has given way to an expansion and diversification of dry-adapted, fire-tolerant species, particularly sclerophyllous groups. While many species trace their lineage back to Australia's isolation following Gondwana's breakup, the continent's flora also reflects significant migration patterns, including trans-oceanic dispersal among southern hemisphere landmasses and exchanges with Asia. Despite clear historical biogeographic patterns—such as the separation of mesic zones in southwestern and southeastern Australia—many processes remain poorly understood.

Evolutionary design optimization of traffic signals applied to Quito city

City of Quito — 2017 — WHEE935F21B0A

A groundbreaking optimization of Quito's traffic signals using evolutionary computation and machine learning significantly reduced travel time, emissions, and fuel consumption. The study employed a specialized evolutionary algorithm with mutation operators tailored for large decision spaces, achieving effective results in small populations over few generations. Hierarchical clustering of optimal solutions revealed systemic effects, including signal coordination patterns and spatial emission reductions. This approach offers a scalable method to improve urban transportation efficiency while providing deeper insights into traffic system dynamics.

Evolving polycentric governance of the Great Barrier Reef

Great Barrier Reef — 2017 — WHE1792B7E318

A robust polycentric governance regime for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) emerged between 1975 and 2011, characterized by multiactor, multilevel arrangements addressing marine, terrestrial, and global threats. However, from 2005 onward, at least 10 types of regime changes occurred due to multiscale drivers, including contextual shifts and deliberate alterations, as well as international steering and environmental shocks like the 2016 mass coral-bleaching event. The study reveals that structural density and stability in governance regimes can coexist with significant changes in context and effectiveness, providing insights into the vulnerability of polycentric governance to diminishing effectiveness and complexity masking. This research offers a stronger basis for understanding and responding to regime change, drawing on longitudinal analysis, in-depth interviews, demographic, economic, and employment data, organizational records, and participant observation.

Evolving Techniques of Documentation of a World Heritage Site in Lahore

Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore — 2017 — WHEBC360DCA69

A groundbreaking approach to heritage conservation at the Lahore Fort demonstrates the transformative potential of 3D laser scanning technology. This study highlights its first application in Pakistan for documenting intricate Mughal architecture, revealing significant advancements in precision and efficiency. The methodology combines traditional architectural documentation with cutting-edge 3D modeling, addressing challenges such as generating auto-2D drawings from pointcloud data. While the research underscores the need for improved training and conservation efforts in Pakistan, it also showcases how contemporary technology can be effectively integrated into preserving historic sites, setting a precedent for future heritage projects.

Examination of the Cultural Tourism Perception of Safranbolu in Terms of Domestic Tourists’ Travel Behaviours

City of Safranbolu — 2017 — WHE687011E936

Domestic tourists' perception of Safranbolu as a cultural destination varies significantly based on their visit frequency and duration, according to a study analyzing data from 290 respondents. While the majority expressed high satisfaction with their travel experience and recommended it to others, they were less inclined to revisit the site compared to other factors. The research, conducted using questionnaire data analyzed via SPSS 22, highlights the nuanced relationship between cultural tourism perception and tourist behavior in Safranbolu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized since 1994 for its rich historical and non-tangible heritage.

Excavations at the Jahānnamā complex: urban archaeology at Isfahan, Iran

Meidan Emam, Esfahan — 2017 — WHE746E240C99

Recent excavations at the Jahānnamā complex in Isfahan, Iran, have uncovered significant insights into the urban development of the city during the Safavid dynasty (AD 1501–1722), particularly under Shah Abbas I. The study revealed that a new avenue or boulevard, known as the Charbagh (Ḵiyābān-e Čahārbāğ), was constructed between AD 1595 and 1596. This boulevard not only served as a leisure attraction outside the city walls but also connected key institutions of the capital, reflecting the strategic urban planning of the era. The research utilized archaeological methods to explore the historical layers of Isfahan, providing a deeper understanding of its architectural and urban evolution during this pivotal period.