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Publications

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Excavations at the Prehistoric Sites of Tepe Dehno and Tepe East Dehno, Shahdad, South-eastern Iran

Lut Desert — 2017 — WHEBA4D1FD73A

Recent excavations at the prehistoric sites of Tepe Dehno and Tepe East Dehno, located on the western edge of Iran's Lut Desert, have challenged established chronologies for southeastern Iran. Radiocarbon dating of 10 charcoal samples from these sites revealed occupation levels spanning from the early 5th to the early 3rd millennium BCE, providing new insights into the region's prehistoric timeline. The study, part of a multi-season project initiated in 2012, combined extensive archaeological surveys with stratigraphic excavations and systematic surface analyses to investigate Shahdad's urban center and its broader context. This research not only sheds light on the complex settlement patterns of the Lut Desert but also raises questions about the traditional understanding of prehistoric chronology in this area.

Excess of genomic defects in a woolly mammoth on Wrangel island

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve — 2017 — WHE75D4E4C7E5

A study of woolly mammoth genomes reveals significant genomic defects in the isolated population on Wrangel Island, consistent with genomic meltdown due to low effective population size. Researchers analyzed ancient DNA sequences from a 4300-year-old Wrangel Island mammoth and a mainland specimen, identifying an excess of deletions, retrogenes, and premature stop codons in the island mammoth. These findings suggest accelerated accumulation of detrimental mutations in small, isolated populations. Additionally, loss of olfactory receptors and urinary proteins was observed, possibly due to non-essential functions or divergent selective pressures in island environments. A notable discovery includes two independent loss-of-function mutations at the FOXQ1 locus, which would confer a satin coat phenotype.

Exhumation history of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Implications for intramontane basin formation

Western Tien-Shan — 2017 — WHE7DAA7F6F6B

A new thermochronological study reveals that the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan began significant exhumation around 25 million years ago, much earlier than previously thought. This early uplift dissected the continuous Parathethyan Sea, isolating intramontane basins like the Fergana and Alai. The research combines new data with existing records to show that while initial exhumation was slower, a rapid late Miocene cooling event affected the entire Tien Shan range uniformly, challenging notions that the Pamir or Tarim alone drove this geological process. The findings provide critical insights into the Cenozoic evolution of the western Tien Shan and its implications for basin formation in Central Asia.

Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2017 — WHE4005F236C1

Exotic flower visitors in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park exploit a broader range of floral traits compared to native species, leading to asymmetric resource partitioning. This study quantified the exploited floral trait space (ES) for 40 plant species and their visitors using dynamic range boxes, revealing that exotic visitors have larger ES, particularly in scent emission, while native visitors are absent from exotic plants. The asymmetry in resource use suggests a competitive advantage for exotics, potentially threatening Hawaiian ecosystems by reducing resources for natives and accelerating declines of native species.

Experiencing sense of place in virtual and physical Avebury

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2017 — WHEA0E9E566B3

A simulation of Avebury henge, a Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age monument, reveals that user experiences and perceptions of ancient sites are highly personal and varied, with no general consensus on reactions to virtual reconstructions. The study highlights the complexity of designing such simulations, emphasizing the need for clear recognition of interpretive choices in archaeology. It also demonstrates that visual and soundscape elements significantly influence users' sense of place, both in virtual and physical environments.

Experimental Infrastructure: Experiences in Bicycling in Quito, Ecuador

City of Quito — 2017 — WHE496DC765DE

Bicycling infrastructure in Quito, Ecuador, emerges as a dynamic site for democratic engagement and urban transformation. This study reveals that such infrastructure is not merely built but actively produced through interactions between human actors—particularly cyclists—and non-human elements like the city's physical landscape. Using an ethnographic approach rooted in feminist science and technology studies (STS), the research demonstrates how cyclists, through participatory practices like photo diaries, contribute to shaping urban spaces while making political claims for more inclusive Andean cities. The term 'experimental infrastructure' highlights the fluid, relational processes underlying its creation, emphasizing its role as both an intersectional space and a catalyst for democratic action. Based on 15 months of fieldwork, this work challenges conventional notions of infrastructure design by centering lived experiences and intra-action—where subjects and objects co-constitute urban systems.

Exploring New Cahokian Neighborhoods: Structure Density Estimates from the Spring Lake Tract, Cahokia

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2017 — WHE5997EB7CBC

A recent magnetometry survey of the Spring Lake Tract at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, conducted in 2015, reveals significant insights into the site's occupational history. The study identifies a previously unknown borrow pit and demonstrates an increase in building density during the transition between the Terminal Late Woodland and Lohmann phases. Additionally, it shows dense occupation between the Lohmann and Stirling phases, with potential increases in habitation during the Moorehead phase. This challenges previous understandings of domestic space use in Cahokia's late occupational history. The research combines gradiometer data with test excavations and statistical analyses to estimate structure density and area.

Exploring the effects of a ‘new’ listing of a UNESCO World Heritage Site: the case of Singapore Botanic Gardens

Singapore Botanic Gardens — 2017 — WHE19B675E303

A UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) listing significantly influences visitor behavior, satisfaction, and revisit intentions. A study comparing pre- and post-listing data from the Singapore Botanic Gardens revealed that WHS designation alters the perceived importance of push-pull factors—motivations driving visitors to a site—and increases overall satisfaction and intent to return. The research highlights how global recognition can reshape tourism dynamics, offering actionable insights for marketing strategies. By analyzing visitor surveys before and after the 2015 listing, the study provides evidence that WHS status enhances perceived value and emotional connection to heritage sites.

Exploring Various Factors and Sources in Relation to Environmental Contaminants in the Rideau Canal System (Chapter 11)

Rideau Canal — 2017 — WHE89DD61300F

Contamination of the Rideau Canal by metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and copper (Cu) has reached levels of potential concern for both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Preliminary analysis suggests that primary sources of these contaminants include atmospheric deposition, natural geological processes, and anthropogenic factors linked to residential development. This study, conducted by Dr. Linda Campbell’s Lab at Queen’s University, combines a literature review with interviews from professionals and community members to identify the key contributors to metal influx in the system.

Facies analysis, stratigraphic architecture and depositional environments of the Guanajuato conglomerate in the Sierra de Guanajuato, Mexico

Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines — 2017 — WHE19C3CB8D46

The Guanajuato conglomerate, spanning over 2000 meters in thickness and extending more than 100 kilometers, reveals the sedimentary history of post-Laramide extensional basins in Mexico's Central Plateau. This study identifies two distinct members within the conglomerate: a lower member characterized by fluvial braided systems, featuring coarse-grained deposits, lava flows, and debris flows; and an upper member dominated by alluvial fan environments with clast-supported conglomerates and fine-grained sediments. Facies analysis across nine localities uncovered 14 facies types, including traction-dominated conglomerates, hyperconcentrated flow deposits, and desiccation cracks, providing insights into the depositional dynamics of Cenozoic sedimentary systems. The research combines stratigraphic architecture with sedimentological observations to reconstruct paleoenvironments, offering a detailed model for understanding the evolution of extensional basins in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Factors Affecting Mammalian Encounter Rates in Transect Surveys: a Case Study in Ilha Grande State Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2017 — WHE8A892744F7

A study on Ilha Grande State Park, Brazil, reveals that mammalian encounter rates during transect surveys are significantly influenced by animal activity periods, climate conditions, and transect location. Researchers found lower encounter rates in the northern part of the island, likely due to tourist interference and poaching pressure, which are linked to higher human densities. The study underscores the importance of considering these variables when estimating mammal population sizes using distance sampling techniques. Conducted between 2003 and 2005, the research involved 128 transects totaling 401.3 km and 382 hours, during which 163 individuals from nine mammalian species were recorded.

Factors influencing local attitudes and perceptions regarding jaguars Panthera onca and National Park conservation in Panama

Darien National Park — 2017 — WHE46AD47DD9C

Rural Panamanians' tolerance towards jaguars and National Park conservation is significantly influenced by factors such as education, land ownership, and gender. The study, conducted in Cerro Hoya and Darién National Parks, found that depredation events were more frequent in Darién but conflict with coyotes was reported only in Cerro Hoya. Positive perceptions of jaguars and parks increased with higher education levels and land ownership. Men showed greater openness to mitigation efforts and tolerance towards jaguars compared to women. Residents highly appreciated their respective National Parks, indicating a need for improved community outreach and education initiatives to foster coexistence.

Factors restricting the range expansion of the invasive green anoleAnolis carolinensison Okinawa Island, Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2017 — WHE9210316655

Research indicates that the invasive green anole (Anolis carolinensis) on Okinawa Island, Japan, may have the potential to expand its range despite remaining largely confined for over 25 years. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (ND2) revealed that the Okinawan population originated from the western Gulf Coast and inland U.S., suggesting independent introduction pathways not linked to the Ogasawara Islands. Species distribution modeling (MaxEnt) using North American native populations identified most of Okinawa Island as ecologically suitable, with high habitat suitability in warmer, urbanized areas. However, higher summer precipitation in northern regions reduced suitability compared to North America. The study warns that climate change and land development could enable range expansion, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and cautious urban planning.

Farming Systems and Utilization of Environmental Resources in Rural Communities in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Case Study in “Ritigala”, Anuradhapura District

Sacred City of Anuradhapura — 2017 — WHE4F798A205F

A study on the Ritigala Strict Natural Reserve, part of Sri Lanka's UNESCO World Heritage Site Anuradhapura, reveals that the complexity of farming systems and geographical location significantly influence the utilization and value of environmental resources. The research identifies three distinct farming systems—paddy-vegetable-livestock being the most resource-intensive—and demonstrates a positive correlation between the complexity of these systems and both the quantity and economic value of environmental goods used, including consumption, input, output, and durable goods. Contribution to household income also aligns with system complexity, underscoring the critical role of environmental resources in rural livelihoods. The study employed a field survey of 120 participants across three villages using descriptive analytical methods.

Fast shoreline erosion induced by ship wakes in a coastal lagoon: Field evidence and remote sensing analysis

Venice and its Lagoon — 2017 — WHED26BE05E3E

A rapid shoreline erosion, averaging 3-4 meters per year between 1974 and 2015, has been identified along the Malamocco Marghera Channel in Venice's Lagoon due to ship wakes. This erosion is influenced by tidal forcing, storm surges, and seasonal variations, with winter periods showing faster retreat rates. The study, combining field surveys from April 2014 to January 2015 with remote sensing and GIS analysis, revealed that the process is discontinuous in time and space, depending on morpho-stratigraphy and vegetation cover of artificial deposits. A total sediment loss of approximately 1.19 million cubic meters was calculated for the period between 1968-2015. The research highlights the significant impact of heavy ship traffic on shallow-water systems, providing crucial data for sustainable port management and future scenario development.

Feasibility and preliminary design of a new railway line in the Dolomites area of Veneto Region

The Dolomites — 2017 — WHE2B6857EF64

A new railway line, spanning 45 km and designed to connect Calalzo to Cortina d’Ampezzo via Auronzo, could significantly enhance mobility and economic development in the Dolomites region of Veneto, Italy. This proposed single-track infrastructure, capable of supporting two passenger trains per hour at speeds up to 80 km/h, aims to integrate rail and road transportation more effectively while reducing noise pollution by at least half compared to road alternatives—eliminating level crossings and offering environmental benefits. However, further detailed environmental impact assessments are required due to the region's UNESCO World Heritage status, which encompasses complex geological and scenic features. The estimated cost of approximately 500 million euros underscores its potential as a strategic investment for sustainable tourism and regional connectivity.

Feline and canine leishmaniosis and other vector-borne diseases in the Aeolian Islands: Pathogen and vector circulation in a confined environment

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2017 — WHE7FB7F0FE1A

Aeolian Islands exhibit high endemicity for vector-borne diseases (VBDs), with Leishmania infantum being the most prevalent pathogen affecting both cats and dogs. The study, conducted on 330 cats and 263 dogs, revealed a seroprevalence of 25.8% for feline leishmaniosis (FeL) and 41.8% for canine leishmaniosis, significantly higher than previously reported in other endemic regions. Additionally, cats showed notable infestation rates with ticks (Ixodes ventalloi and Rhipicephalus pusillus) and fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), while dogs were primarily affected by Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. The research highlights the critical role of cats as hosts for multiple VBDs, challenging traditional perceptions that focus predominantly on dogs. This comprehensive investigation underscores the importance of recognizing feline VBDs in disease management strategies, with potential implications for both animal and human health.

Female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) use objects to solicit the sexual partner.

Serra da Capivara National Park — 2017 — WHEBEAE84FDFE

Female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park and another population use stones or branches to solicit sexual partners, primarily the alpha male. This behavior, observed during one-way courtship phases before male reciprocation, suggests an affiliative intent to attract attention. The study, involving video recordings of four females over nine proceptive periods, found that 95% of episodes involved pushing or dropping objects, with 93% linked to affiliative behaviors. Notably, only the female not using objects solicited a subordinate male. These findings highlight a potential link between tool-use in foraging and courtship behavior, raising questions about whether such behaviors are exclusive to populations already primed for object use.

Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl and the Mexican Archive

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2017 — WHEB249118025

Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl's 'native archive'—a collection of alphabetic and pictographic texts compiled to preserve pre-Hispanic knowledge under European domination—challenges traditional narratives of colonial scholarship in New Spain. This archive, later inherited by Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora and dispersed globally, served as a foundational resource for Creole patriots writing the history of New Spain. Amber Brian's work highlights its collaborative origins and multiethnic influence, while other studies contextualize its role in shaping Creole identity and Mexican nationalism. The archive's significance lies in its dual purpose: preserving Indigenous heritage while contributing to colonial intellectual discourse.

Field Observation and Vulnerability Assessment of Gonbad-e Qābus

Gonbad-e Qābus — 2017 — WHE6FD566F129

Gonbad-e Qābus, the world's tallest pure-brick tower at 52.8 meters, stands as a testament to early Islamic architecture amidst urban development. A study reveals that the structure is vulnerable to seismic demands with a return period of 475 years, necessitating retrofit strategies for enhanced stability. The research employs nonlinear finite-element simulations and equivalent lateral static force methods to assess potential structural and architectural damages, providing detailed classifications and proposed solutions. Key findings underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to preserve this monumental heritage site from seismic risks.