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Effect of Water Stress on Growth and Mineral Composition of Salvadora persica and Atriplex halimus in Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHE8B05C6333A

Research demonstrates that Salvadora persica and Atriplex halimus, two drought-resistant landscape trees native to Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, can thrive under severe water stress conditions. While S. persica exhibited increased growth and biomass with higher water stress, A. halimus showed significant declines in these metrics. Notably, protein content in S. persica peaked at 75% soil moisture depletion, while mineral composition varied distinctly between the species—K and Ca concentrations rose under stress for both, but P, Mg, and Na levels decreased in S. persica, contrasting with A. halimus, where Na increased. The study, conducted using pot experiments with varying irrigation levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% soil moisture depletion) and saline groundwater (1200 mg/L), underscores the potential for these species to sustain biomass production in arid environments, supporting sustainable windbreaks and microclimate improvement around irrigated agriculture. These findings offer practical insights for water management in desert landscapes.

Effects of anti-poaching patrols on the distribution of large mammals in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire

Taï National Park — 2017 — WHE4627357883

Anti-poaching patrols in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, significantly increase the populations of large mammals when efforts reach specific thresholds. Research found that a minimum of 1.32 patrol days per km² over two years is needed for chimpanzee and monkey populations to rise, while duiker and pygmy hippopotamus populations require only 0.48 patrol days per km². The study analyzed data from 2010–2015, correlating patrolling efforts with mammal encounter rates using generalized linear mixed models. Findings suggest that precise estimates of required patrolling effort can be derived from long-term biomonitoring, offering a data-driven approach to optimizing wildlife protection in protected areas.

Effects of density, season, and food intake on sika deer nutrition on Yakushima Island, Japan

Yakushima — 2017 — WHE345AC9F4F6

Sika deer on Yakushima Island, Japan, maintain good nutritional status even in high-density areas and during winter, contrary to observations in northern Japan. The study found no significant correlation between deer density or season and the Riney's kidney fat index (RKFI), a measure of nutritional condition, with average RKFI values exceeding 20 across all five study sites. Food intake positively influenced RKFI, except near a town ranch where an L-shaped distribution was observed. The research analyzed RKFI and stomach contents from 74 culled deer across varying densities, revealing that food selectivity, rather than body weight or age, drove individual differences in intake.

Effects of different crown densities on structure of Quercus wutaishanica populations in Huanglong Mountains, Northwest China

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2017 — WHE1853FE1599

Research on Quercus wutaishanica (Liaodong oak) populations in Huanglong Mountains reveals that crown density of 0.7 optimizes population structure and growth, offering ideal conditions for silvicultural practices in Northwest China. The study analyzed age structure, survival curves, height classes, and crown size across 16 plots with varying densities (0.6–0.9) and slopes (sunny vs. shady). Findings indicate that saplings dominate at all densities but face bottlenecks during the juvenile stage, while larger trees thrive more in shady environments. Sunny slopes show higher proportions of younger stages, whereas shady slopes favor mature trees. Crown density 0.7 consistently supports healthier population dynamics, suggesting it as a target for sustainable forest management.

Effects of thinning intensity on fine root biomass and morphological characteristics of middle-aged Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in the Huanglong Mountains

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2017 — WHE39F87E41EC

A study on the Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area reveals that moderate thinning intensity (retaining a canopy closure of 0.7) maximizes fine root biomass, root length density, and surface area density in middle-aged Pinus tabulaeformis plantations, promoting optimal tree growth by efficiently utilizing site resources. The research employed root auger sampling across three soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm) to assess fine root biomass and morphological traits under four thinning intensities: control, light, moderate, and heavy. Results showed that while fine root biomass initially increased with thinning intensity, it declined significantly under heavy thinning, particularly in the topsoil (0-20 cm). Moderate thinning also enhanced specific root length and surface area, benefiting smaller diameter roots (0-1.0 mm) more than larger ones (1.0-2.0 mm). This finding underscores the ecological balance required to sustain healthy Pinus tabulaeformis forests in the Huanglong Mountains.

Effects of uranium concentration on microbial community structure and functional potential

Kakadu National Park — 2017 — WHEDFFF232BC7

Significant shifts in microbial community structure and functional potential occur at uranium concentrations of 1500 mg/kg or higher, potentially altering ecosystem processes and resilience. This is the first study to deploy uranium-spiked sediments in situ along a gradient (0–4000 mg U kg⁻¹), combining field surveys with laboratory manipulative approaches. Using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, researchers identified breakpoints where genes linked to methanogenic consortia and nitrogen cycling pathways increased in abundance, suggesting profound impacts on carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles.

Effects of Wild Boar (Sus scrofaL.) Rooting on Seedling Emergence in Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest — 2017 — WHE8C450E4D05

A three-year study in Białowieża Forest revealed that wild boar rooting does not negatively impact seedling emergence, despite the assumption that repeated disturbance would hinder plant growth. Researchers found that rooted patches, created by wild boars foraging for food, actually promote diverse seedling emergence, primarily of forest species like Urtica dioica. These seedlings, though sparse in density, suggest a rich soil seed bank that thrives under periodic disturbance. The study also hints at the possibility that some seedlings may originate from exogenous sources, but further analysis is needed to confirm this. Conducted across 30 subplots with over 10,000 seedlings representing 38 species, the research challenges conventional views on the impact of wild boar activity on forest regeneration.

Effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise 2014–2015: a review of a multi-national response model

Pitons Management Area — 2017 — WHE99EA8357C0

A multi-national, near-real-time response system for volcanic hazard assessment has proven effective during the effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island) between 2014 and 2015. This study demonstrates that integrating remote sensing, modeling, and field measurements across national and international networks significantly enhances the speed and accuracy of lava flow propagation assessments. The system, which evolved during five effusive crises, highlights the importance of dynamic, open collaboration in volcanic monitoring, particularly for isolated or distant observatories like Piton de la Fournaise, located 9365 km from its governing body. This approach not only improves hazard assessment but also underscores the potential for multi-national integration to revolutionize scientific response during ongoing volcanic events.

El ceremonial en la ciudad más antigua de América: Caral

Sacred City of Caral-Supe — 2017 — WHEA707A7CDA3

Caral, the oldest civilization in America and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, emerged around 2900 BC in the Supe Valley, north of Lima, Peru. This society established a unique political and administrative system based on religion and labor, influencing neighboring populations for over 1,000 years without resorting to warfare or coercion. Archaeological evidence reveals a deeply religious culture where rituals involving music, dance, and sacred fire in public buildings fostered social cohesion. Caral's advanced technology and balanced governance model, characterized by distinct social classes with privileged access for an elite, exemplify its sophisticated organization. The civilization's peaceful nature and enduring impact have earned it the title 'Mother City.'

El gran camino Inka: construyendo un Imperio. Una exhibición sobre el Qhapaq Ñan en el Museo Nacional del Indígena Americano, Smithsonian Institution

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2017 — WHE1A1F8C07FF

A bilingual exhibition titled 'The great Inka Road' at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the American Indian showcased the Qhapaq Ñan, the Andean road system that connected and facilitated the expansion of the Inca Empire. This exhibition highlighted the engineering prowess and strategic importance of the Qhapaq Ñan, demonstrating how it served as a vital infrastructure for communication, trade, and military movement across vast distances. The display incorporated artifacts, maps, and interpretive materials to illustrate the system's historical significance and its role in shaping one of the largest empires in pre-Columbian America.

El Otro Cusco: Choquequirao

City of Cuzco — 2017 — WHE7F42054F05

The Inka society, structured hierarchically and nucleated, emphasized the significance of origins both historically and spatially. Central to their worldview was the concept of 'Cusco' as a symbolic and territorial starting point, embodied in systems like ceques (ritual lines) and the Qhapaq Qocha ceremony, which celebrated this foundational idea. While etymological analyses exist, the study focuses on the Inka's conceptual understanding of Cusco, suggesting that their 'New Cuscos' were not merely urban replicas but extensions of an ideal spatial axis. This insight challenges conventional interpretations by prioritizing the societal and symbolic dimensions over architectural ones.

El Paso Phase Obsidian Procurement in Southern New Mexico: Implications for Jornada Mogollon Regional Interaction and Exchange

Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes — 2017 — WHE97BC33EF3D

A study of obsidian procurement during the El Paso phase in southern New Mexico reveals that while Rio Grande gravel sources were predominant, non-local sources—including Cerro Toledo Rhyolite and Mule Creek projectile points—were also used. This challenges the assumption of exclusive reliance on local resources, with both Cottonwood Spring Pueblo and Madera Quemada Pueblo showing similar but not identical sourcing patterns. The findings contrast sharply with contemporaneous sites in the Casas Grandes region, suggesting distinct regional interaction dynamics. Researchers used EDXRF spectrometry to analyze obsidian artifacts, addressing gaps in previous studies by examining procurement practices and their implications for exchange networks.

El patrimonio edificado de Cuenca 2 Fotogrametría arquitectural

Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca — 2017 — WHE620FD1EAF8

The architectural heritage of Cuenca, Ecuador, reflects the cultural and economic prosperity of its inhabitants during the late 19th to early 20th century, driven by the export of cascarilla, toquilla straw hats, and mining. This study presents a photogrammetric analysis of 25 additional buildings in the Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca, showcasing their geometric, constructive, and decorative features with corrected perspective images. The research, part of a broader academic effort by the Universidad del Azuay, aims to preserve and promote this UNESCO World Heritage Site's architectural legacy through detailed documentation, including downloadable models and orthophotographs. This publication builds on previous work, offering a comprehensive visual and analytical record of Cuenca's built heritage.

El Qhapaq Ñan en Famatina (la Rioja-Argentina): Ritualidad y Manifestaciones Sagradas Inkas en una Wak'a Interregional al Sur del Kollasuyu

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2017 — WHE94A0DA8852

Research on Qhapaq Ñan, the Andean Road System, in Famatina, Argentina, reveals that this region was not merely an economic hub but a significant interregional sacred site (wak'a) for the Inca Empire. Systematic surveys of the road system and its associated landscapes challenge traditional materialist and economic interpretations, instead highlighting ritualistic and ceremonial significance. The study identifies key elements such as ushnus (ceremonial platforms) and the sacralization of pathways, which redefine Famatina's role as a spiritual center in southern Kollasuyu.

El Qhapaq Ñan en los Altos de Arica: Columna Vertebral del Poblamiento Prehispanico Tardío, Norte de Chile

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2017 — WHEA8CE397B79

A study of the Qhapaq Ñan, or Inca Road, in the Altos de Arica region reveals its significant antiquity predating the Tawantinsuyo Empire. This research highlights the road's role as a crucial link in late pre-Hispanic settlement networks, emphasizing its strategic importance in connecting diverse landscapes, including desert routes and associated settlements. The analysis focuses on the road's engineering complexity and cultural significance, demonstrating how it facilitated commerce, idea transmission, and territorial control. By examining the route's relationship with other pathways and settlements, the study underscores its foundational role in shaping Andean civilization. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the Qhapaq Ñan's broader impact on cultural interactions and landscape integration in northern Chile.

Elements of a ‘Timbuktu Manual of Style’

Timbuktu — 2017 — WHE514A364695

A newly translated text, 'Elements of a Timbuktu Manual of Style,' by Cheikh Hamou (Mahmoud Mohamed Dedéou), sheds light on the often-overlooked practice of additional markings in manuscripts from Timbuktu. This manual serves as an essential guide to understanding the nuanced art of scholarship in this region, offering insights into the sophisticated techniques used by scribes and scholars. The text, translated with expertise, provides a rare window into the intricate methods employed in manuscript culture during Timbuktu's golden age. Its significance lies in its practical application, bridging gaps between traditional practices and modern scholarly analysis.

Els plans d’estudis d’Arquitectura. De la Bauhaus a les Noves Bauhaus. De Weimar a Ulm

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2017 — WHE233E44E678

This study identifies a continuous lineage from the Bauhaus to its successors, offering a framework to map modern architectural education. By analyzing successive curricula, it reveals that despite transformations or disappearances of these schools, their foundational workshop-based methodology persists, adapting content to societal changes while maintaining core pedagogical principles. The research employs comparative analysis, prioritizing visual and symbolic aspects over specific workshop details, to highlight the enduring influence of Bauhaus-inspired programs on contemporary architecture and design education.

En Busca Del Formativo En Un Sector De La Quebrada De Humahuaca (Tumbaya, Prov. De Jujuy, Argentina)

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2017 — WHE6FB3ED269E

Recent archaeological findings in the Raya-Raya agricultural area of Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina, have shed light on Formative Period (600 B.C.–1000 A.D.) occupations in the south-central region. The study identified dwellings characteristic of the local tradition, alongside San Francisco ceramics from the eastern lowlands, suggesting a convergence of two distinct cultural traditions. This discovery offers insights into how early populations shaped the landscape through interactions between these traditions. The research employed a comparative analysis of ceramic and architectural evidence to reconstruct the social and cultural dynamics of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Energy efficiency measures for buildings in Hebron city and their expected impacts in the distribution grid

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2017 — WHEC957286C96

Implementing energy efficiency measures in Hebron's buildings could significantly reduce Palestine's reliance on external energy sources, potentially contributing to energy independence. A study analyzed the impact of such measures across different building typologies in Hebron, estimating their effectiveness through software simulations and identifying optimal combinations for maximizing energy demand reduction. The research also assessed the resulting changes in power losses within the electrical distribution grid and provided a preliminary economic evaluation of the proposed actions. These findings underscore the strategic importance of building retrofits in achieving energy sustainability in Palestine.

Energy retrofit of historic buildings in the Mediterranean area: the case of the Palaeontology Museum of Naples

Historic Centre of Naples — 2017 — WHEA64D18E7B9

Optimal energy retrofit solutions for historic buildings, particularly those with architectural constraints, can significantly reduce both primary and electric energy requirements without compromising heritage integrity. A study focusing on the Palaeontology Museum of Naples demonstrated that targeted interventions in air conditioning systems—such as dynamic simulations using specialized software—can achieve substantial energy savings while adhering to strict conservation guidelines. The research highlights the potential for Mediterranean historic structures to balance modern efficiency demands with the preservation of cultural significance, offering a scalable model for similar sites worldwide.