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Helminth Parasites of thePelophylax esculentusComplex (Anura: Ranidae) in Hortobágy National Park (Hungary)

Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta — 2016 — WHE2CC1D7E1C9

A study conducted in Hortobágy National Park, Hungary, revealed significant discrepancies in helminth parasite species of the Pelophylax esculentus complex frogs compared to baseline inventories from 40 years ago. Researchers identified seven helminth species, including Rhabdias esculentarum as a new species for the Hungarian fauna and three additional species (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Pleurogenes claviger, and Pleurogenoides medians) as new to the park's helminthofauna. The study applied the Document, Assess, Monitoring, Act (DAMA) protocol, which integrates parasite information into large-scale biodiversity studies. While the reasons for the observed changes remain unclear, potential factors include climate change or anthropogenic impacts, highlighting the need for further investigation.

Heritage as Weapon: Contested Geographies of Conservation and Culture in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, India

Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area — 2016 — WHE7D6CF40BB6

Local communities in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (GHNPCA), India, have successfully used cultural heritage as a tool to resist conservation policies that restrict access to sacred sites. By framing their region as the 'Valley of the Gods' and leveraging tourism imagery depicting local deities, these communities have challenged global conservation agendas while channeling opposition through democratic processes. The study highlights how democracy empowers local resistance against new environmental restrictions, illustrating a complex negotiation between global heritage values and local cultural practices. This research underscores the role of heritage in shaping contested geographies, particularly in mountainous regions under pressure from expanding protected areas.

Heritage values protection, from the monument to the urban dimension. Case study: the historic centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca, Ecuador

Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca — 2016 — WHEA38623D6B5

A comprehensive strategy for protecting heritage values in urban landscapes has been developed, focusing beyond traditional monument preservation to include geomorphology, environment, hydrology, urban planning, historical cartography, land uses, symbolic imagery, and intangible aspects. This approach, applied to Cuenca's historic center in Ecuador, integrates multiple data layers using ArcMap to create a visual tool that facilitates stakeholder engagement and social participation in conservation efforts. The strategy aims to broaden the scope of heritage protection by mapping these elements, providing a holistic framework for urban-level conservation that aligns with principles from international agreements like the 1972 Convention.

Heritage, Tourism, and Demography in the Island City of Venice: The Depopulation and Heritagisation

Venice and its Lagoon — 2016 — WHE53177662A6

Venice faces unique demographic challenges due to its heritage protection laws, geography, and tourism industry. Contrary to the common narrative, depopulation is not solely driven by necessity or convenience but reflects a complex balance between island and mainland identities. The study examines how these factors interact, highlighting the need for nuanced policies that address both heritage preservation and sustainable urban development.

Heterogeniczność przestrzeni miast salinarnych Bochni i Wieliczki w dobie przedprzemysłowej

Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines — 2016 — WHE97F873B869

The spatial organization and social dynamics of the Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines, two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, were significantly influenced by salt mining activities during the pre-industrial era. Urbanistic analysis reveals distinct layouts: Bochnia's plan from 1253 suggests a transverse-oriented square with centralized religious and public functions, mirroring earlier designs like Legnica, while Wieliczka's later incorporation (1290) features a rectangular market square with power structures and sacred spaces at its periphery. The study highlights the impact of royal investments, such as the construction of a canal linking Krakow and Bochnia, on urban development and economic growth. It also explores the evolution of suburbs, new settlements, and religious complexes, particularly in response to Austrian administrative changes post-1778, which included road network expansions and secular transformations. The research underscores the heterogeneous nature of these salt towns, shaped by mining, governance, and cultural dynamics.

Heterotrophic bacterial production and metabolic balance during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in the New Caledonia lagoon

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2016 — WHE2530FB7CB7

Heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) was found to be significantly stimulated by nitrogen enrichment, suggesting nitrogen limitation of heterotrophic bacteria throughout the experiment. The study, conducted during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in New Caledonia's lagoon, revealed that BP was highly correlated with particulate primary production and chlorophyll biomass but only slightly correlated with N2 fixation rates during the second phase (P2). Bacterial growth efficiency, at 27–43%, was notably higher than expected for oligotrophic environments, possibly due to the presence of proteorhodopsin-expressing bacteria. The main fates of gross primary production were respiration (67%) and sedimentation (17%). Diazotroph-derived nitrogen primarily fueled the heterotrophic bacterial community through indirect processes like mortality, lysis, and grazing.

High Frequency of (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) Type Among (Diptera: Glossinidae) in a Historic Trypanosoma Foci in North-Eastern Gabon: Preliminary Study

Ivindo National Park — 2016 — WHE480882985E

A preliminary study in Gabon's Ivindo National Park (INP) revealed a high diversity of Trypanosoma species infecting tsetse flies, with infection rates reaching 31.9% when detected by PCR. The study identified five trypanosome species, including Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, a parasite responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Conducted in May 2012 using Vavoua traps to capture tsetse flies over seven days, the research analyzed 160 flies, including Glossina palpalis palpalis and other species. The findings suggest that the INP is a significant focus for both human and animal trypanosomiasis, with a Trypanosoma risk index of 7.05 for animals, indicating a need for close monitoring of disease reservoirs in the region.

Highways to Empire: The Inca Road System

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2016 — WHE2EB649BC7F

Qhapaq Ñan, the Andean Road System, played a dual role in the Inca Empire: it unified vast territories while also contributing to its eventual decline. This extensive network integrated both new and preexisting roads, facilitating communication, trade, and military movement across the empire. The study highlights how the road system's strategic design and maintenance were crucial to imperial cohesion but also exposed vulnerabilities that accelerated its downfall. Research into this ancient infrastructure reveals insights into Inca engineering prowess and the complexities of large-scale empire management.

Historic Cairo in the Era of Augmented Reality: Opportunities and Challenges

Historic Cairo — 2016 — WHE568423C59A

Despite the potential benefits of augmented reality (AR) technology for enhancing visitor engagement and learning at cultural heritage sites, Historic Cairo remains without AR implementation. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders revealed challenges hindering adoption, despite AR's proven effectiveness in attracting visitors and providing interactive information. The research highlights critical barriers that need to be addressed to leverage AR's potential in preserving and promoting Islamic heritage.

Historical arthropod diversity patterns direct rehabilitation targets for Robben Island, South Africa, a continental island in a biodiversity hotspot

Robben Island — 2016 — WHE8CC9DA522D

Research on Robben Island reveals that arthropod diversity patterns from mainland sites north of the island, specifically Elandsbaai and Dwarskersbos, provide ideal reference targets for its biological rehabilitation rather than geographically closer locations. This finding suggests historical connectedness shapes current biodiversity, guiding restoration efforts to match vegetation height and cover without advocating for species reintroduction. The study used arthropod diversity data to identify the most suitable mainland sites for reference, emphasizing the importance of historical context in conservation strategies for continental islands.

Historical authenticity of modern architecture: preservation and regeneration of Olivetti architecture in Ivrea

Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century — 2016 — WHE82B228317A

Ivrea's city plan, introduced in 2002, demonstrated that modern architecture can be preserved and regenerated while fostering public appreciation for such heritage. This approach was pioneering in uniting innovative conservation strategies with initiatives to safeguard unique modern architectural landmarks, notably the Olivetti districts, which are now under consideration for UNESCO World Heritage status. The plan served as a test-bed, showcasing the feasibility of integrating preservation efforts with urban regeneration, thereby setting a precedent for future heritage conservation projects.

Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2016 — WHE5D6527DAE3

A comparative analysis of the Nakijin dialect (Northern Okinawa) and the Amami dialect (Tokunoshima Island) reveals that while most Ryukyuan dialects are tonal, Nakijin is an accentual language where pitch interacts with vowel lengthening. This study reconstructs the prosodic system for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, demonstrating how the Nakijin dialect's unique accent developed through historical reanalysis. By examining phonological patterns and comparing them to other Ryukyuan dialects, researchers identified a shift from tonal contrasts to an accentual system with high-pitched accents in specific environments.

Historical sites (TS7)

Ancient City of Aleppo — 2016 — WHE48929AF192

Syria stands as the cradle of one of humanity's oldest civilizations, marked by pioneering advancements such as urban planning and the development of the alphabet. Among its six UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Ancient City of Aleppo exemplifies this legacy, with some settlements dating back over 8,000 years BC. This study highlights Syria's significance in shaping early human settlement and cultural evolution, emphasizing its role as a foundational hub for civilization. The research approach likely involves archaeological analysis, historical documentation, and geotechnical assessments to uncover the layers of history embedded in these sites.

Historical Type in the Collection of the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp from a Metal Conservator's Point of View

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2016 — WHE6A194755A8

Historical lead-based type used in book printing from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries exhibits significant corrosion, particularly when composed of high antimony and low tin levels. This finding stems from a study comparing contemporary knowledge on type alloying with analytical research on a selection of historical type from the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp. The research reveals that such type compositions are highly susceptible to environmental degradation, necessitating careful preservation under controlled conditions to mitigate further corrosion.

History of Conservation of Shish Mahal in Lahore-Pakistan

Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore — 2016 — WHE6305625BAC

Shish Mahal, a stunning Mughal-era palace within Lahore Fort, Pakistan, has endured significant structural challenges due to environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, heavy rainfall, lightning strikes, and termite damage. A notable conservation effort between 2003 and 2005 addressed severe ceiling cracks identified in 1991-92, employing expert recommendations to restore the monument's integrity. This study examines the history of Shish Mahal's conservation efforts, both before Pakistan's independence and post-independence, highlighting successful interventions while also acknowledging failures that impacted its authenticity. The research delves into the palace's architectural significance, detailing repair works and offering insights for future preservation strategies.

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 58A: Marine Ecology, mid‐1920s to about 1990, Featuring Beebe, Bigelow, Ricketts

Cocos Island National Park — 2016 — WHEB74E63AED0

William Beebe's pioneering marine expeditions, particularly his 1925 Arcturus expedition and earlier Galápagos voyage, significantly advanced the understanding of marine ecosystems. His work, including the first scientific exploration of the Sargasso Sea and observations on the Humboldt Current, contributed to the early recognition of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. Beebe's innovative use of a diving helmet allowed unprecedented underwater observations, revealing diverse marine life behaviors and species interactions. His expeditions also highlighted the ecological importance of Cocos Island, where he conducted extensive dredging studies, uncovering new species and deep-sea biodiversity. These contributions laid foundational knowledge for marine ecology, blending scientific rigor with accessible storytelling in his publications.

Hittite Empire

Hattusha: the Hittite Capital — 2016 — WHEE994130ADB

Hattusha, the capital of the Hittite Empire, stands as one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Ancient Near East. Excavations at the site have uncovered thousands of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform texts, offering unprecedented insights into the history and culture of Anatolia and its neighboring regions during the second millennium BCE. These records reveal the Hittites' transition from a regional kingdom to an interregional empire, showcasing their political influence and cultural significance in the pre-classic world. Despite their eventual decline at the end of the Bronze Age, the Hittite Empire remains a pivotal subject for understanding ancient Indo-European civilizations.

Hochwasserschutz und der Einfluss von Vorhersagesystemen

Wachau Cultural Landscape — 2016 — WHEC9641ED75C

Floods are the most frequent and economically damaging natural disasters in Austria, particularly those affecting the Danube River. These events cannot be entirely avoided as they are part of the natural water cycle but are exacerbated by human activities such as climate change, land use, and river modifications. In regions like the Wachau Cultural Landscape, permanent flood protection structures are often impractical or undesirable, necessitating mobile systems supported by advanced forecasting models. These predictive tools integrate complex factors like weather, vegetation, soil types, and landscape features to generate realistic forecasts and guide human intervention efforts. The study highlights the critical role of such integrated approaches in mitigating flood risks while balancing ecological and cultural considerations.

Honey in the Economy of the Malbork (Marienburg) Commandry (Komturei)

Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork — 2016 — WHEB8A2E79482

Honey played a significant role in the economy of the Malbork (Marienburg) Commandry, serving as a key ingredient for mead production and a sweetener for local wine. The Teutonic Order, which controlled the region, held exclusive rights to beekeeping, highlighting its economic importance during medieval times. This study sheds light on the historical significance of honey in Prussia, drawing from reliable but scarce sources. By analyzing the Commandry's records and practices, researchers reconstructed the role of honey in the local economy, emphasizing its multifunctional use beyond mere sustenance.

Honningkager og motetter: Musiklivet i Christiansfeld i slutningen af 1700-tallet

Moravian Church Settlements — 2016 — WHEDB05B9A21B

The Moravian Church Settlements, particularly Christiansfeld, showcased a unique integration of musical culture and economic progress during the late 18th century. Despite initial resistance due to their unconventional beliefs, the community's emphasis on music—both in religious settings and as a recreational activity—became a model for educational and economic advancement. Inspired by Enlightenment ideals, reformers recognized the value of the Moravian Church's innovative approaches, leading to its establishment in remote northern Schleswig to balance economic utility with intellectual progress. This study highlights how musical practices within the community served as both a spiritual and social catalyst, influencing broader societal development.