World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 22101 – 22120 of 30345 publications

Mendicant Orders in Medieval Prussia and Livonia: Pastoral Activities in Towns

Medieval Town of Toruń — 2016 — WHE4C0E5A29FE

Mendicant orders played a significant role in the pastoral care of urban populations within the domains of the Teutonic Order and particular bishoprics in medieval Prussia and Livonia. The study reveals that the network of mendicant friaries mirrored the demographic potential and urbanization levels of these regions, with their effectiveness evidenced by numerous prayer agreements, burials in friary churches, and bequests from townspeople. The success of these orders is further confirmed by the partially preserved great hall-type churches they erected in major towns such as Gdańsk, Toruń, Tallinn, and Riga. The research focuses exclusively on pastoral activities among urban populations, highlighting both similarities and differences in the conditions under which friars worked across Prussia and Livonia.

Metaviromics of Namib Desert Salt Pans: A Novel Lineage of Haloarchaeal Salterproviruses and a Rich Source of ssDNA Viruses

Namib Sand Sea — 2016 — WHE0788C355CA

A novel lineage of haloarchaeal salterproviruses was discovered in the Namib Desert's Hosabes playa, alongside a rich diversity of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. This finding significantly expands our understanding of viral communities in extreme environments. The study employed metaviromics—combining multiple displacement amplification with deep sequencing—to analyze viromes from two salt pans, Hosabes and Eisfeld. Network analysis revealed a predominantly unknown but diverse ssDNA viral community, with Gokushovirinae subfamily contigs being common. While the viromes were closely related to each other, they showed minimal overlap with other environmental viromes, underscoring their uniqueness.

Methodology for locale-scale monitoring for the PROTHEGO project: the Choirokoitia case study

Choirokoitia — 2016 — WHE7014786B12

A novel methodology for locale-scale monitoring of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, demonstrated at Choirokoitia in Cyprus, integrates multiple geospatial techniques to assess ground stability and deformation risks. The study combines radar interferometry (InSAR) with field measurements—including static GNSS, total station surveys, leveling, laser scanning, and UAV data—to validate and refine satellite-derived motion data. By systematically comparing in-situ observations with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry results over two decades, the research aims to identify micro-movements and geohazards threatening archaeological remains. Additionally, it uses archival and current optical satellite images to calibrate risk assessments and urban expansion analyses, providing ground truth for land-use change classification. This approach offers a robust framework for monitoring cultural heritage sites vulnerable to geological instability.

Meyers Albert e Isabelle Combès (comps.), El Fuerte de Samaipata: estudios arqueológicos

Fuerte de Samaipata — 2016 — WHE5C233670B6

Archaeological research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Fuerte de Samaipata, led by Albert Meyers and Isabelle Combès, reveals significant insights into the pre-Columbian landscape and its cultural significance. The study employs a combination of sketches, maps, drawings, and digital reconstructions to analyze the site's complex features, including its terraces, platforms, and astronomical alignments. Findings suggest that the fortress was not only a defensive structure but also a ceremonial center with advanced engineering techniques, reflecting sophisticated pre-Hispanic urban planning. This interdisciplinary approach provides a comprehensive understanding of Samaipata's role in ancient societies, bridging gaps between archaeology, anthropology, and digital reconstruction methods.

Micro X-ray Fluorescence Study of Late Pre-Hispanic Ceramics from the Western Slopes of the South Central Andes Region in the Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile: A New Methodological Approach

Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region — 2016 — WHE94C07F2C3D

A novel methodological approach enhances the discrimination of ceramic shards using Micro X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) by automatically separating mineral inclusions from the clay matrix, allowing independent statistical analysis. This improved protocol was applied to 83 ceramic shards from the Arica y Parinacota region in Chile, revealing that some samples were misclassified when using traditional methods that rely solely on spatially averaged elemental concentrations. The study provides a general overview of ceramic compositional classification in this region but highlights the need for further analysis on more specific sample sets to draw concrete archaeological conclusions.

Micro-environmental changes induced by shape and size of forest openings: effects on Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi seedlings performance in a Pinus contorta plantation of Patagonia, Argentina

Los Alerces National Park — 2016 — WHE6FCDC655E1

High survival rates and slight growth differences were observed for Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi seedlings planted within differently shaped canopy gaps (rectangular vs. circular) in a Pinus contorta plantation in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina. The study found that while soil temperature remained consistent across gap types, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and soil moisture were significantly higher in gaps compared to the understory control. Rectangular gaps promoted greater seedling diameter growth than circular ones, suggesting shape influences performance. These findings highlight the potential for reconverting monocultures into native forests but underscore the need for further testing of gap sizes and stand densities to optimize outcomes.

Microclimatic spatial planning for Xianghe Segment of China’s Grand Canal

The Grand Canal — 2016 — WHE727DD580E7

Researchers propose a microclimatic spatial planning strategy for the Xianghe Segment of China’s Grand Canal (XSCGC) to mitigate urban heat island effects and improve human comfort. By analyzing meteorological data and employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the study identifies optimal land-use patterns that suppress northeasterly winds while protecting southwesterly winds. The proposed planning divides XSCGC into four functional zones—microclimate regulatory areas, development core areas, natural ventilation corridors, and development extension areas—to enhance livability and microclimatic security. This approach integrates landsenses ecology to harmonize urbanization with natural wind and temperature dynamics, offering a scalable model for sustainable urban planning in heritage sites.

Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Mount Etna basalt

Mount Etna — 2016 — WHE387731A3C7

Water significantly weakens basalt under stress, with saturation reducing strength by up to 50% compared to dry samples. This finding emerges from 65 uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments on Mount Etna basalt, covering porosities of 5–16% and effective pressures up to 200 MPa. The study reveals that brittle faulting in low-porosity (5%) samples is governed by wing crack propagation under triaxial stress and pore-driven cracking in uniaxial conditions, particularly in more porous rocks. Additionally, shear-enhanced compaction occurs at lower pressures (≥80 MPa) in 8% porosity samples, driven by cataclastic pore collapse—a process consistent with a dual-porosity model. These insights are critical for understanding volcanic system dynamics and have implications for geothermal energy and reservoir management.

Microscopical and elemental FESEM and Phenom ProX-SEM-EDS analysis of osteocyte- and blood vessel-like microstructures obtained from fossil vertebrates of the Eocene Messel Pit, Germany

Messel Pit Fossil Site — 2016 — WHEAD1DCB640A

This study reveals the exceptional preservation of osteocyte-like and blood vessel-like microstructures within fossilized bones from Eocene vertebrates at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Messel Pit, Germany. These microstructures, identified in turtles, crocodiles, and a pangolin, exhibit distinct chemical and physical characteristics, including a thin layer with mottled texture and striations, as well as microbial troughs on their surfaces. Iron (Fe) was notably abundant in these structures but absent from the bone matrix or collagen fibril-like microstructures. The findings suggest that soft-tissue elements, at least in their physical form, can be preserved in Messel fossils, paving the way for future investigations into biomolecule preservation, such as proteins or DNA.

Microstachys crassifolia sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2016 — WHE8F55DB9871

A new species of Microstachys, M. crassifolia, has been discovered in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region of Goiás, Brazil. This hemicryptophyte distinguishes itself from its closest relative, M. nana, by its fleshy, glandless leaves and reddish inflorescences, contrasting with M. nana's membranaceous, gland-bearing leaves found in southern Brazil. The discovery highlights the biodiversity of the Cerrado grasslands, a key component of UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. The study employed morphological comparisons to differentiate the species, emphasizing the importance of underground systems and leaf characteristics in their identification.

Mid-twentieth century increases in anthropogenic Pb, Cd and Cu in central Asia set in hemispheric perspective using Tien Shan ice core

Western Tien-Shan — 2016 — WHE6F8D7B2D8B

A first-of-its-kind multi-decadal ice core record from the Inilchek Glacier in the Tien Shan reveals significant mid-twentieth century increases in anthropogenic lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) concentrations, reflecting large-scale Soviet industrial and agricultural expansion. The study, spanning 1908–1995 AD, demonstrates that these pollutants surged by factors of up to 5, 6, and 3 relative to pre-1950 levels, with primary sources traced to southern Kazakhstan and the Fergana Valley. Declines in the 1980s coincided with Soviet economic downturns, but resurgent trends in the 1990s indicated a shift to western China as the dominant emission source, highlighting regional and hemispheric-scale pollutant transitions. High-resolution trace element analysis, combined with back-trajectory modeling (NOAA HYSPLIT), provided unprecedented insights into anthropogenic pollution dynamics in central Asia.

Midterm report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Garamba National Park — 2016 — WHEC127AAD24A

A midterm report by the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlights persistent security challenges, including election-related violence and the activities of armed groups like the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR) and the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which continue to pose threats to stability. Despite military operations weakening FDLR, gold trafficking remains a significant funding source for criminal networks, with limited progress in implementing traceability programs. The report also notes ongoing human rights violations, including civilian massacres, and the inefficiency of stockpile management, complicating efforts to track diverted weapons. While some investigations into military involvement in natural resource exploitation have begun, challenges persist in sectors like tin, tantalum, and tungsten. Garamba National Park remains a key source of ivory trafficking, though poaching has declined as a funding mechanism for armed groups.

Migratory and winter activity of bats in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2016 — WHED4416E27F4

Bats in Yellowstone National Park exhibit unique migratory and winter activity patterns, persisting through extreme cold. Research using radiotracking and acoustic detectors revealed that several bat species—including big brown bats, little brown myotis, and western small-footed myotis—remained active even after the first snowfall in October. While hibernation onset could not be precisely determined, spring emergence occurred in April despite lingering winter conditions. This study sheds light on the adaptive strategies of Rocky Mountain bat populations, contrasting with known behaviors in eastern North America and highlighting gaps in understanding seasonal transitions among these species.

Mineralogical, chemical and textural study of roman mortars for their restoration case of the historic site of Volubilis (Morocco)

Archaeological Site of Volubilis — 2016 — WHEC5996D044D

Roman mortars from the archaeological site of Volubilis, Morocco, exhibit distinct mineralogical and chemical properties that are critical for their restoration. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the coarse composition of these mortars, providing essential data for recreating compatible materials. The study focuses on samples from broken tile palates in the garden and pavement mosaics attributed to Flavius Germanus, offering a scientific basis for preserving the site's historical integrity. By characterizing the original mortar's texture and chemistry, researchers aim to develop restoration techniques that align with the material's ancient craftsmanship, ensuring durability and authenticity.

Minimum Longevity and Growth of the Invasive Green Anole,Anolis carolinensis, in Chichi-jima of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan

Ogasawara Islands — 2016 — WHE3E1D6C5C7D

Invasive green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) in Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, exhibit a minimum longevity of at least five years, as determined by skeletochronology analysis of femur bone cross-sections. This method revealed that individuals could have up to five lines of arrested growth (LAGs), indicating their ability to survive and adapt in this new environment. Growth patterns showed an initial increase in body size with age but a decline in growth rate after two LAGs, suggesting a shift in energy allocation toward reproduction rather than growth at this stage.

Minister and Viceroy, Paisano and Amigo: The Private Correspondence of the Marqués de la Ensenada and the Conde de Superunda, 1745–1749

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville — 2016 — WHEE727FD2D6B

A rare glimpse into the private correspondence between two influential figures of the Bourbon Age, Zenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea (Marqués de la Ensenada) and José Antonio Manso de Velasco (Conde de Superunda), reveals their close relationship and the intricate dynamics of power during this period. The correspondence, housed in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, consists of seven brief letters exchanged between 1745 and 1749. These letters offer unprecedented insights into the personal and professional interactions between a powerful minister and viceroy, providing valuable historical context to their roles and influence during this transformative era in Spanish American history.

Mirjana Polić Bobić, Mijo Korade: Paragvajska pisma: Ivan Marchesetti i Nikola Plantić, isusovci u Paragvajskoj provinciji Družbe Isusove, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb, 2015.

Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) — 2016 — WHE52D360FF6B

This book, authored by Mirjana Polić Bobić and Mijo Korade, provides a significant cultural and historical analysis of the Jesuit missions among the Guaraní people in South America. It highlights the unique socio-economic experiments conducted by Jesuit missionaries, including Croatian Jesuits Ivan Marchesetti and Nikola Plantić, which fostered communal living, economic self-sufficiency, and social equity among indigenous populations. The text examines the geopolitical challenges faced by these missions, particularly the 1750 exchange of seven Guaraní reductions for the colony of San Sacramento, which disrupted these thriving communities. Through previously unpublished letters from Marchesetti and Plantić, the book offers rare insights into the daily lives, struggles, and achievements of missionaries during this period. It also addresses misconceptions, such as the legend of Nikola Plantić as a 'Paraguayan king,' providing a nuanced perspective on the missions' legacy. The study is valuable for historians, geographers, and cultural scholars interested in the intersection of colonial history, social organization, and indigenous experiences.

Missione archeologica costiera e subacquea in Cirenaica

Archaeological Site of Cyrene — 2016 — WHEE758D9465F

An archaeological survey in eastern Cyrenaica, Libya, has uncovered significant new evidence of human occupation dating back to the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. The study, conducted jointly by a research mission and the Department of Antiquities of Libya, identified multiple coastal sites—including Phykous, El Ougla, and Ras Etteen—along with underwater areas between Ras Hamama and Ras Etteen. Among the discoveries were surface sites from the Lower Paleolithic to Neolithic eras, alongside known Roman sites. A substantial collection of lithic artifacts and impressed pottery was also gathered, providing insights into ancient technological practices and cultural evolution in the region.

Mística en el Islam: zawāyā y aḍriḥa en la medina de Fez. Festival música sacra del mundo Mystics in Islam: zawāyā and aḍriḥa in the medina of Fez. Fes Festival of World Sacred Music

Medina of Fez — 2016 — WHE50B3B2335C

The Medina of Fez exhibits dynamic spatial transformations shaped by Islamic mysticism and cultural practices. The study reveals that structures like zawāyā (mystical lodges) and aḍriḥa (ritual spaces) significantly alter the geographical layout of the medina, creating a multifaceted environment where religious, artistic, and intellectual activities converge. Music plays a pivotal role in these transformations, with its status and instruments varying according to context—whether spiritual, cultural, or festival-driven. The research highlights how this interplay fosters an ecosystem of mysticism and spiritual leadership, drawing on the transcription system of the University of Granada's Department of Semitic Studies. This study underscores the medina's enduring significance as a nexus for sacred music, mysticism, and heritage preservation.

Mistler (Anne) (dir.), Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, 100 ans de travaux

Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt — 2016 — WHE166C1EEAF6

A century of restoration work on the UNESCO-listed Strasbourg Cathedral, one of France's most significant historic monuments, has been meticulously documented in a new publication. The cathedral, classified as a Monument historique since 1862 and part of the Grande-Île World Heritage Site, underwent extensive state-led conservation efforts over the past 100 years. This comprehensive study, commissioned by the Alsace Regional Directorate for Cultural Affairs, provides detailed insights into the challenges, methodologies, and outcomes of preserving such an iconic structure. The work highlights the interplay between historical preservation, architectural innovation, and adaptive reuse, offering a model for the conservation of similarly complex heritage sites worldwide.