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Publications

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Study on Contemporary Applications of Cultural Archetypes : focused on visualization of 'The Golden Pig' in Geuknakjeon of Bulguksa Temple

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple — 2016 — WHE14A9CEC9C5

A novel approach to contemporary character design was developed by visualizing 'The Golden Pig' from Geuknakjeon of Bulguksa Temple. This study bridges traditional Korean culture with modern applications, focusing on the pig's symbolic significance in the 12 Chinese zodiac animals and its role in controlling Haeshinjang. By combining a pig's face with a human body, researchers created an SD character that serves as both a cultural artifact and an educational tool. The visualization process aimed to enhance understanding of Korean traditional culture while proposing future directions for animation content targeting infants and children.

Study on Monitoring Problems and Solutions of South China Karst

South China Karst — 2016 — WHE1EB1331353

South China Karst, a UNESCO World Heritage site, faces significant monitoring challenges that threaten its ecological integrity and sustainable development. The study identifies critical issues such as the lack of a unified monitoring system, inadequate or non-targeted indicators, and insufficient professional resources and equipment. To address these, researchers recommend establishing a collaborative monitoring framework with standardized indicators, targeted plans, and improved surveillance networks. These measures aim to preserve the site's outstanding universal value by ensuring systematic, effective, and sustainable monitoring practices.

Studying Languages in the Linguistic Landscape of Lijiang Old Town

Old Town of Lijiang — 2016 — WHE3500AA0161

Linguistic landscape research reveals significant differences between the language use patterns on Fuhui Street and Xinhua Street in Lijiang Old Town. The study highlights variations in bilingual and multilingual signage, particularly involving Chinese, Dongba scripts, and English, alongside differing attitudes among local stakeholders and tourists towards these languages. Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods—digital photography for data collection, supplemented by questionnaires and interviews—the research provides insights into the complex interplay of language use in a culturally rich urban setting.

Subaltern Knowledge and Transnational American Studies: Postwar Japan and Okinawa under US Rule

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2016 — WHEFF8FBC6B29

Okinawa's colonial history under US rule has fostered subaltern knowledge, challenging the dominant narratives of American studies. This research highlights Okinawa's unique position as a subject of postcolonial studies, emphasizing its intense cross-cultural and political encounters with the United States. The study examines local Okinawan experiences, particularly in relation to the construction of new US military bases, to redefine American identity from the perspective of the colonized. It employs historical analysis and archival research to uncover the lived experiences of Okinawans, aiming to reshape the intellectual configuration of American studies by incorporating subaltern voices.

Subbotnik, the Kremlin, Moscow, May Day [1920?]

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2016 — WHE5263F09D53

A rare black-and-white photograph from 1920 captures the Kremlin during a 'subbotnik,' an organized mass labor initiative in Soviet Russia. This image provides visual evidence of the movement's expansion into high-profile urban spaces, reflecting its evolution from local, spontaneous efforts to a structured phenomenon. Initially focused on logistical tasks like freight handling and railway repairs, subbotniks embodied revolutionary enthusiasm and economic pragmatism. The photograph offers a glimpse into the material culture of early Soviet labor mobilization, complementing historical records. Analyzing such visual artifacts helps reconstruct the social dynamics and ideological underpinnings of post-revolutionary Russia.

Subsistence Actions at Çatalhöyük *

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2016 — WHE97DBC83306

Aurochs and leopards, along with other wild animals, dominated the symbolism at Çatalhöyük, suggesting a deep cultural connection to these species during the Neolithic period (7400–6200 cal BCE). Archaeobotanical research indicates that crop husbandry played a significant role in subsistence, implying complex social relationships and careful manipulation of resources for communal feasting. The site's unique architecture—comprising superimposed mudbrick buildings without public spaces—highlights its distinct settlement pattern, contrasting with later Near Eastern urban forms.

Subsurface fine structures survey by GPR B-scan image based on signal subspace method

Dazu Rock Carvings — 2016 — WHE7DD0B07A79

A novel signal subspace method using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) B-scan imaging successfully identified subsurface fine structures, including fractures leading to water intrusion, at the Dazu Rock Carvings UNESCO World Heritage Site. This approach effectively discriminates between geological features by leveraging sparse representation and fracture signatures, overcoming challenges posed by interferences, clutters, and noise in radar signals. The method was validated with field survey data, demonstrating its potential for precise subsurface analysis in heritage conservation. By addressing energy attenuation and random noise during signal propagation, this technique offers a robust tool for detecting subtle geological anomalies that could impact cultural sites.

Succession within the prokaryotic communities during the VAHINE mesocosms experiment in the New Caledonia lagoon

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2016 — WHEBF32DB9F0D

A study on the Lagoons of New Caledonia reveals that nitrogen fixation, driven by diazotrophs, significantly boosts primary production in oligotrophic coastal ecosystems. The VAHINE experiment used large-volume mesocosms to track the impact of phosphorus fertilization on microbial communities and biogeochemical processes over 23 days. While enclosure effects were observed, no pronounced 'bottle effect' occurred, and phosphorus addition did not immediately alter community structure but influenced later population dynamics. Notably, UCYN-C-type cyanobacteria exhibited among the highest nitrogen-fixation rates recorded in the region, stimulating growth of heterotrophic groups like Rhodobacteraceae. Temporal changes were more influential than enclosure location, with prokaryotic diversity remaining relatively stable, underscoring the resilience and complexity of lagoon ecosystems.

Summer habitat selection by Dall’s sheep in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2016 — WHE249E61E738

A landscape-scale analysis of Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, reveals minimal sex-specific habitat specialization during summer months. Despite social segregation between males, females, and females with young, resource selection function models indicate that both sexes and reproductive classes share similar preferences for rugged terrain, intermediate vegetation density (NDVI), and open landcover types. This suggests that a single predictive model can effectively estimate habitat selection probabilities across all sheep populations, regardless of sex or reproductive status, streamlining management and monitoring efforts in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Surface Retreats Used among Four Genera of Terrestrial Salamanders in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2016 — WHE3FC0C5D48B

A study on plethodontid salamanders in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park revealed that these terrestrial salamanders prefer larger woody retreats, such as logs and bark piles, more than expected. The research found a positive correlation between retreat area or mass and the presence, number, and size of salamanders, though this relationship explained only a small portion of the variation observed. Elevation played a significant role, with stronger associations at low and mid elevations. Additionally, when multiple salamanders shared retreats, they tended to be similar in size and species pairings matched expectations based on site diversity. This study provides insights into retreat use patterns for terrestrial salamanders and suggests avenues for further research to clarify these relationships.

Surface textural analysis of quartz grains from varved sediments of Lake Kusai in the Hoh Xil area, Tibetan Plateau

Qinghai Hoh Xil — 2016 — WHE2DE94E4A9A

Researchers have confirmed that coarse-grained layers in the varved sediments of Lake Kusai, located in Qinghai Hoh Xil on the Tibetan Plateau, are primarily formed by aeolian (wind-driven) processes. This discovery was made through a detailed surface textural analysis of quartz grains using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study compared quartz grain microtextures from Lake Kusai's sediments with those from typical aeolian dune deposits, fluvial sediments, and lacustrine deposits in the region. Key indicators such as rounded outlines, low to medium relief, acuate steps, crescent percussion marks, upturned plates, bulbous edges, and dish-shaped depressions were identified in Lake Kusai's coarse-grained layers, aligning closely with aeolian sediment characteristics rather than fluvial ones. This finding provides critical insights into the sedimentary history and depositional environment of this remote, frequently dust-storm-affected region on the northern Tibetan Plateau.

Survey of the water control system on the periphery of the Liangzhu Ancient City in Hangzhou

Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City — 2016 — WHE7DF3DE8224

A comprehensive survey of the water control system on the periphery of Liangzhu Ancient City, conducted between 1987 and 2013, revealed a sophisticated network of artificial dams and natural hill bodies. This system was found to consist of high and low dam structures, demonstrating advanced engineering capabilities in ancient China. The study mapped the entire water control infrastructure, providing insights into how Liangzhu's inhabitants managed water resources for agricultural, defensive, or ceremonial purposes. The research employed a combination of archaeological surveys and historical analysis to reconstruct this complex system, contributing significantly to our understanding of ancient urban planning and hydraulic engineering.

Sustainability and Long Term-Tenure: Lion Trophy Hunting in Tanzania

Selous Game Reserve — 2016 — WHEA55FF462BB

Research on lion trophy hunting in Tanzania's Selous Game Reserve reveals that short-term leases lead to higher but unsustainable offtake levels, while long-term tenure aligns more closely with sustainable hunting quotas. The study found that blocks under short-term tenure experienced steeper declines in lion populations and generated higher government revenue ($133 per km²) compared to long-term tenure blocks ($62 per km²), which better matched the recommended sustainable offtake (0.92 lions per 1000 km²). The findings underscore the importance of property rights and tenure systems in balancing conservation and financial goals, advocating for a shift toward competitive market-based approaches with long-term leases to ensure sustainability.

Sustainable tourism development and residents’ perceptions in World Heritage Site destinations

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2016 — WHE7625A4CFA3

Residents' perceptions of sustainable tourism development vary significantly based on age, education level, and economic involvement, with negative views more prevalent among certain groups. Conversely, positive perceptions correlate with greater support for and participation in tourism initiatives. This study, conducted at Malaysia's Lenggong Valley World Heritage Site (WHS), applies stakeholder theory to analyze these heterogeneous attitudes, revealing that fostering positive perceptions could enhance local engagement in tourism planning. The findings offer actionable insights for authorities aiming to balance development with resident satisfaction in rural WHS destinations.

Sustainable tourism development and the world heritage status of the Wadden Sea: The case of Terschelling

Wadden Sea — 2016 — WHEDCFC6F9094

A significant majority of tourists visiting Terschelling, a Dutch Wadden island, do not consider the UNESCO World Heritage status as a reason for their visit during the off-season. While 93.5% of respondents were not motivated by this designation and 23.7% were unaware of it, the Wadden Sea itself remains one of the most attractive elements on the island, alongside its North Sea beaches, dunes, and forests. The study highlights that domestic tourists, who dominate off-season visits, are more drawn to the natural beauty rather than the heritage recognition. However, international or first-time tourists, potentially more influenced by World Heritage status, were notably absent during this period. The research suggests targeted promotional efforts could enhance awareness and support for nature conservation among these groups, thereby strengthening the preservation of this unique region.

Sustaining Cultural and Natural Heritage in Albania

Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region — 2016 — WHEF95EFB0DBF

A groundbreaking project, 'School for Cultural Heritage through Map Exploitation' (SCHEME), demonstrates how interactive multimedia mapping and crowdfunding can revolutionize heritage preservation in Albania. By leveraging existing technologies like the Ljubljana Process, SCHEME creates a dynamic platform that collects multifaceted data from schools, enriching the database with student-collected memories. This approach shifts heritage governance from traditional top-down models to an inclusive, participatory framework where stakeholders actively contribute. The project also includes small-scale rehabilitation initiatives for winning cultural assets, funded through crowdfunding campaigns. By focusing on Albania's Lake Ohrid Region as a pilot area, SCHEME not only preserves neglected inland sites but also reduces pressure on more famous coastal heritage locations. This innovative method offers a sustainable model for cultural tourism and heritage valorization.

Sustentabilidad Ambiental en Fincas Cafetaleras Despues de un Proceso de Certificación Orgánica en la Convencion (Cusco, Perú)

City of Cuzco — 2016 — WHED4C8AEA530

A study on the sustainability of coffee farms in La Convención, Cusco, Peru, found that organic certification significantly improved environmental and economic sustainability compared to conventional production. The research, involving 61 farms over seven years, used a multi-criteria analysis method to assess sustainability indicators. Organic farming increased the General Environmental Indicator (IA) from 2.08 to 2.71, with 91.1% of farms becoming environmentally sustainable post-certification, up from 66.6%. Productivity rose by 29.04%, and coffee quality improved from 80.64 to 82.56 points. The Economic Sustainability Indicator (IK) also increased from 1.61 to 2.06, highlighting the benefits of organic certification for both environmental and economic outcomes.

SWOT Analysis of Safranbolu City in Terms of Tourism

City of Safranbolu — 2016 — WHED8C68652DB

Safranbolu, a UNESCO-listed Ottoman city renowned for its classical wooden architecture and streets, holds significant untapped potential to enhance its tourism sector. A SWOT analysis reveals that while Safranbolu attracts visitors, it does not fully leverage its strengths—such as its unique heritage—to compete effectively with rivals. The study, based on surveys of touristic enterprise owners and administrators, identifies key opportunities for growth, including better utilization of its cultural assets to attract more tourists and generate higher revenue. Addressing weaknesses and threats, such as underdeveloped infrastructure or seasonal tourism fluctuations, could further boost Safranbolu's economic benefits from tourism.

Symbolic, Experiential and Functional Consumptions of Heritage Tourism Destinations: The Case of Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia

Angkor — 2016 — WHE60A7079183

A study on Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia, reveals that symbolic and experiential consumptions of heritage tourism destinations significantly enhance tourists' attachment to the site, their satisfaction, and ultimately their loyalty. These effects surpass those of functional consumption, highlighting the importance of emotional and experiential engagement in fostering long-term tourist commitment. The research, based on a sample of 512 international tourists, also underscores the pivotal role of destination attachment in mediating the relationship between quality, satisfaction, and loyalty.

Symbolism in the Forbidden City: The Magnificent Design, Distinct Colors, and Lucky Numbers of China’s Imperial Palace

Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang — 2016 — WHE7E082CB510

The Forbidden City, China's Imperial Palace complex, embodies profound symbolism through its architectural design, color schemes, and the incorporation of lucky numbers, reflecting the cultural and political significance of Beijing as a national capital. Constructed between 1406 and 1420 under the Yongle Emperor, this monumental project involved one million laborers and 100,000 craftsmen, showcasing premodern China's architectural prowess. The complex, covering 72 hectares, was designed with meticulous attention to symbolism, such as the use of distinct colors and numbers believed to bring luck or power, while its layout mirrored cosmic principles. The study highlights how these elements served both practical and symbolic purposes, reinforcing the emperor's divine mandate and authority. The Forbidden City's evolution from a royal residence to a public museum also reflects China's transition during the 20th century.