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Dinosaur trackways from the Upper Cretaceous Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations (Belly River Group) of southern Alberta, Canada, reveal novel ichnofossil preservation style

Dinosaur Provincial Park — 2015 — WHE5C0F068A95

Recent discoveries of dinosaur trackways in the Upper Cretaceous Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations (Belly River Group) of southern Alberta reveal a novel preservation style of ichnofossils, termed 'concretionary tracks.' These tracks, attributed to hadrosaurs, are found as sideritic or calcareous concretions protruding from fine-grained deposits. Unlike typical track fossils, these concretionary tracks exhibit microscopic convoluted laminations and suggest formation in wet paleoenvironments where groundwater rich in dissolved carbonates flooded depressions left by dinosaurs. As the water evaporated, minerals precipitated and mixed with clastic material, filling the tracks either partially or completely. Geochemical analyses indicate cementation occurred rapidly after burial, possibly due to microbial activity. Modern erosion exposes these tracks but also causes them to break apart quickly, altering their diagnostic shape. This discovery suggests dinosaur tracks may be more common than previously thought but are transient in badlands environments.

Direito do património cultural: as suas ferramentas de aplicabilidade, com especial incidência em Coimbra. O caso da inscrição da Universidade de Coimbra- Alta e Sofia na Lista do Património Mundial

University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia — 2015 — WHEA0628F3272

The University of Coimbra's Alta and Sofia district, inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List, exemplifies how cultural heritage management can integrate legal frameworks, urban rehabilitation, and sustainability. This study analyzes the criteria and processes behind its classification while examining its role in territorial planning and urban revitalization efforts. By focusing on the intersection of heritage law and practical application, it provides insights into balancing preservation with development, offering a model for other World Heritage Sites facing similar challenges.

Discoveries at Ephesus

Ephesus — 2015 — WHE8DA6CE80FE

A pivotal discovery at Ephesus, one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, was made by John Turtle Wood in 1869 when he uncovered a Greek inscription that pinpointed the long-lost Temple of Artemis. This breakthrough followed six years of meticulous excavations supported by the British Museum, which began after Wood abandoned his railway project in Turkey to focus on Ephesus. The temple, buried under layers of sand, required an exhaustive four-year excavation effort. The 1877 publication not only details these findings but also includes Greek and Latin inscriptions with translations, providing critical historical insights. Additionally, the work references ancient writings about the temple, enriching our understanding of this iconic site.

Discussion of impact of relics activation on protection and utilization approaches-take the old summer palace as an example

Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing — 2015 — WHEAC143603E4

The activation of cultural relics, such as the Old Summer Palace in Beijing, significantly enhances public engagement and understanding while posing challenges to their preservation. This study identifies that effective interpretation of historical and cultural significance can fulfill social service functions without compromising heritage protection. By analyzing resource characteristics, it proposes sustainable approaches for balancing tourism development with relic conservation, offering a model for other UNESCO World Heritage Sites in China.

Displacement, disempowerment and corruption: challenges at the interface of fisheries, management and conservation in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô — 2015 — WHE10A4AA004F

Small-scale fishers in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, face significant challenges due to displacement and disempowerment following the establishment of Orango National Park. The study reveals that migrant fishers, often living in isolated camps, lost access to key fishing grounds, leading to violent evictions and a shift to less-observed waters within the marine protected area. This non-compliance highlights weak resource management and complex power dynamics between migrant fishers, indigenous Bijagós islanders, and fisheries authorities. The research uses an anthropological case study to explore these tensions, emphasizing the human rights implications of fishing restrictions in the region.

Distal ash hurricane (pyroclastic density current) deposits from a ca. 2000 yr B.P. Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée, Martinique: Distribution, grain-size characteristics, and implications for future hazard

Volcanoes and Forests of Mount Pelée and the Pitons of Northern Martinique — 2015 — WHE6D248C9453

A Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée approximately 2000 years ago produced pyroclastic density currents that extended at least 20 km from the crater, with distal deposits showing progressive depletion of fines and enrichment in crystals. This study suggests these were dilute, inertia-dominated overcurrents that decoupled from their underflows due to topography and interaction with tropical vegetation, significantly expanding their distribution. The findings imply severe devastation across northern Martinique, potentially reaching Fort-de-France, and highlight modern hazards such as ash dispersion affecting aviation.

Distribución y Consumo de Cerámica Inca en el Pucará de Tilcara (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina)

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2015 — WHEFCCA176DF3

A study of ceramic artifacts from the Pucará de Tilcara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Argentina's Quebrada de Humahuaca, reveals differential consumption patterns linked to social and economic roles during the late pre-Hispanic period. Analysis of Inca pottery, sourced from across the Tawantinsuyu empire, indicates that distinct categories of goods were used based on the function of different groups within the site. This suggests a complex interplay between political dynamics and material culture circulation in the region.

Distribution Analysis of Enhalus Acroides Vegetation, Using Hydraulic Model, in the Northwest Sea Area of Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2015 — WHECE86A989DB

A study reveals that the distribution of Enhalus acroides, a tropical seagrass species listed as endangered (Vulnerable) by Japan's Environment Ministry, is significantly influenced by specific physical conditions. Dense and tall stands of this seagrass are found in waters up to 0.76 meters deep, characterized by average significant wave heights of 25–32 cm during high winter waves, bottom current speeds of 11–19 cm/s, and residual tidal currents of 0.1–0.3 cm/s at spring tides. Researchers used a hydraulic model to simulate wave conditions in the northwest sea area of Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan, and validated these findings against observed seagrass distribution patterns. The study demonstrates that physical environmental factors play a critical role in shaping the seagrass's habitat, providing insights into its conservation in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Distribution and abundance of hematophagous flies (Glossinidae,Stomoxys, and Tabanidae) in two national parks of Gabon

Ivindo National Park — 2015 — WHE03E1E788A0

A seasonal inventory of hematophagous flies in Ivindo and Moukalaba-Doudou National Parks, Gabon, revealed distinct habitat preferences among three fly groups: Glossinidae, Stomoxys, and Tabanidae. Glossinidae, the most abundant group (60% of captures), thrived in primary forests and research camps, while Stomoxys (28%) were more prevalent in secondary forests and village borders in Ivindo Park, or savannahs in Moukalaba-Doudou Park. Tabanidae showed no clear habitat preference. This study highlights the ecological differentiation of these fly populations, which could inform pathogen transmission risk management in ecotourism development.

Distribution and Habitat Preference of Sloth Bear in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2015 — WHED0B74B0427

Sloth bears in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, exhibit a strong preference for mixed forest habitats, with a Relative Preference Index (RPI) of 0.42, followed by grasslands (RPI = 0.21). Riverine and Sal forests are less preferred but not avoided, indicating habitat flexibility. The bears' distribution is clumped and influenced by proximity to water sources, roads, altitude, and human disturbances such as cattle presence and fires. This study, conducted between March and May 2012, used a grid-based sampling method across 35 randomly selected grids to record 87 direct or indirect signs of sloth bear occupancy, providing critical baseline data for their conservation.

Distribution and status of giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2015 — WHE9E95955977

A population of up to 3,969 giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) may inhabit the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, marking a significant recovery from overhunting in the 1960s. The study, spanning 2000–2011, surveyed river stretches and aquatic habitats across the Pantanal, estimating otter density (0.54 ± 0.15 individuals per km) to assess distribution and conservation status. While the species persists in nearly all river systems, threats like vessel traffic, pollution, siltation, and hydrological disruption from dams remain critical. The findings underscore the Pantanal's importance as a stronghold for this endangered species, despite ongoing challenges.

Distribution of Thelastomatoid Nematodes (Nematoda: Oxyurida) in Endemic and Introduced Cockroaches on the Galápagos Island Archipelago, Ecuador

Galápagos Islands — 2015 — WHE9F99551F1E

A survey of thelastomatoid pinworm fauna in endemic and introduced cockroach species on the Galápagos Islands revealed eight distinct pinworm species, with low prevalence rates across seven islands. The study identified five new host records for Cephalobellus ovumglutinosus, including in endemic cockroaches like Chorisoneura carpenteri and Ischnoptera snodgrassii. While some introduced pinworm species were found in endemic hosts, others globally widespread species were absent. The research suggests a complex distribution pattern influenced by invasive host introductions, with Santa Cruz Island hosting the greatest diversity of pinworms. This first-of-its-kind survey in the region provides insights into invertebrate dispersal and speciation in an evolutionary-rich ecosystem.

Distributional patterns of cave Collembola (Hexapoda) in association with habitat conditions, geography and subterranean refugia in the Western Carpathians

Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst — 2015 — WHED7FEB1D95B

A study of 28 caves in the Western Carpathians, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst, reveals that southern and central karst regions serve as critical glacial refugia for subterranean fauna. The research identified 90 Collembola species, with 13 troglobiotic (obligate cave-dwelling) species concentrated in the southern and southeastern parts of the region. Species diversity correlated positively with internal air temperature but negatively with elevation and latitude, indicating environmental and geographic influences on distribution. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS), cluster, and indicator value analyses further demonstrated distinct geographic patterns in Collembola communities, with northern areas showing lower diversity and no troglobiotic taxa.

Divergences de projets sur un site candidat au patrimoine mondial : un consensus introuvable dans les jardins ?

Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape — 2015 — WHE69655497F7

A consensus on sustainable development for Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate site, remains elusive despite its unique cultural landscape. This study outlines an integrated approach to preserve the tangible and intangible values of the site, which includes monumental city walls and agricultural land along the Tigris River. The research emphasizes the need for strategies that balance cultural, social, financial, and administrative aspects to mitigate adverse effects from development. By addressing divergences in project proposals, the study aims to provide a framework for long-term sustainability, ensuring the preservation of this significant heritage landscape.

Diversidad ortopterológica de la Reserva Territorial Sureste de la Ciudad Universitaria (UNAM)

Central University City Campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) — 2015 — WHE974D995BF3

A new species of orthopteran, Conocephalus (Xiphidion) ictus, has been identified in the Reserva Territorial Sureste de la Ciudad Universitaria (RTSE) of UNAM, marking a significant taxonomic contribution. The study found that while the abundance and diversity of orthopterans did not significantly differ between RTSE and the core zone of the nearby Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA-CU), the RTSE plays a crucial role as an environmental buffer zone, supporting at least five species of orthopterans. These insects, key components in the food web, contribute to ecosystem functioning. The research involved biological inventorying and comparative analysis of orthopteran communities across zones, highlighting the importance of urban ecological reserves for wildlife conservation.

Diversity and Distribution of Archaea in the Mangrove Sediment of Sundarbans

The Sundarbans — 2015 — WHEF5097F37A7

Archaeal communities in Sundarbans mangrove sediments exhibit distinct shifts influenced by environmental conditions, particularly pollution levels. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data from three sites revealed dominance of Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota (Marine Group I), with haloarchaea prevailing in polluted areas (Godkhali, Bonnie camp) compared to methanogens in the relatively pristine Dhulibhashani. Statistical analysis confirmed these patterns, highlighting the sensitivity of archaeal diversity to anthropogenic stressors. This study underscores the ecological significance of microbial communities in mangrove ecosystems and their role as indicators of environmental health.

Diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in seven non-human primates of the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

Taï National Park — 2015 — WHE881FE24B90

A comprehensive survey of gastrointestinal parasites in seven non-human primate species within Côte d'Ivoire's Taï National Park reveals high diversity and prevalence, with 23 parasite species identified. Species such as Cercopithecus diana, C. petaurista, Cercocebus atys, and C. campbelli exhibited greater parasite richness and more equitable distribution compared to others. The study, the first of its kind for these primate taxa in Taï National Park, employed microscopic examination techniques—direct wet mount, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, and MIF (merthiolate, iodine, formalin) concentration—to analyze 3142 stool samples collected between 2009 and 2010. Findings underscore the complex parasitic dynamics in these primate populations, providing critical baseline data for future conservation and health monitoring efforts.

Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineral contents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran

Hyrcanian Forests — 2015 — WHEFD49B9830B

A significant diversity in antioxidant properties and mineral contents of Allium paradoxum was observed across eight populations in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran. The study, conducted by Khodadadi et al. (2015), found that populations from Varaki and Zarinabad sites in Mazandaran province exhibited the highest antioxidant activities and flavonoid content, particularly at altitudes between 462-860 meters above sea level. These sites also showed higher levels of iron (Fe++) and manganese (Mn++). In contrast, aerial parts of plants from Jahannama, the lowest elevation site in Golestan province, had the highest total phenolic content. The research employed DPPH and reducing power assays to assess antioxidant activities, while colorimetric and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods were used for flavonoid and elemental composition analysis, respectively. This study highlights the remarkable variation in bioactive properties of A. paradoxum, a perennial plant widely used in food and traditional medicine.

Diversity of spiders in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, I: Six new species of Phrurolithidae (Araneae)

Fanjingshan — 2015 — WHE2E72ABE324

A new discovery of six previously unknown spider species within the Phrurolithidae family has been documented from Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China. These species—Otacilia microstoma, O. songi, O. subliupan, Phrurolithus anticus, P. fanjingshan, and P. zhouyun—were identified through morphological analysis, including detailed photographs, line drawings, and descriptions. The study also clarifies the taxonomic assignment of these species by comparing them to established type species in the genera Otacilia and Phrurolithus. This research contributes to the understanding of spider diversity in Fanjing Mountain, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its unique biodiversity.

Diversity of the Primitive Khmer Architecture in Sambor Prei Kuk

Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura — 2015 — WHECCFAB55CFF

The architectural diversity of brick shrines at the Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Cambodia—a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the largest Pre-Angkor complex—was found to be irregularly mixed, with variations in plan form, interior layout, pedestal structure, antechamber design, elevation, and corbel arch roofing. This diversity peaked during the Pre-Angkor period (prior to the 9th century) before standardizing under Angkorian influence, marking a shift from brick to sandstone as the primary construction material by the 11th century. The study analyzed 28 well-preserved shrines, revealing that Sambor Prei Kuk represents the most sophisticated expression of Pre-Angkor architecture in design, structure, and technique.