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Two new species of Asellota (Crustacea, Isopoda) from coral reefs on Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2015 — WHE9413E26F04

Scientists have identified two new species of Asellota (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the coral reefs of Iriomote Island, part of Japan's Ryukyu Archipelago. Pleurocope iriomotensis and Prethura tuberculata represent significant discoveries: the first records of Pleurocope in the Pacific and Prethura along the Asian Pacific coast. These species exhibit unique morphological traits—such as lateral spine-like processes on pereonite 4 and coxal plates in Pleurocope iriomotensis, and a distinct lateral projection on the protopod of pleopod 2 in Prethura tuberculata—that distinguish them from their congeners. The study, published in ZooKeys, relies on detailed morphological analysis to characterize these newly described taxa.

Two new species of fossil Leggadina (Rodentia: Muridae) from Northwestern Queensland

Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) — 2015 — WHE445FC702A5

Two new species of fossil Leggadina, a genus of short-tailed mice adapted to arid environments, have been discovered in northwestern Queensland, Australia. Leggadina gregoriensis sp. nov. was found at the Early Pleistocene Rackham's Roost Site in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, while Leggadina macrodonta sp. nov. came from the Plio-Pleistocene Site 5C at Floraville Station. These discoveries extend the known temporal range of the genus by over 2 million years and provide insights into its evolutionary history and response to palaeoecological factors. The study also examines the taphonomy of the fossil deposits, revealing significant differences in faunal composition and preservation between the two sites.

Two new species ofSaurichthys(Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, with implications for character evolution in the genus

Monte San Giorgio — 2015 — WHEE9D142FD58

Two new species of the iconic Triassic fish genus Saurichthys have been identified from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation at Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland: S. breviabdominalis, distinguished by its elongated operculum and reduced abdominal region, and S. rieppeli, notable for its block-like haemal arches and unique fin structures. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that S. rieppeli occupies a basal position among Alpine Triassic saurichthyids, supporting hypotheses of convergent evolution in scale reduction within the genus. Meanwhile, S. breviabdominalis forms a monophyletic group with local congeners, suggesting sympatric divergence—a finding that sheds light on ecomorphological divergence and resource partitioning in Triassic marine ecosystems. The study leverages detailed morphological analysis to elucidate character evolution and ecological adaptations in saurichthyid fishes.

Two new stygobiotic copepod species from the Tibesti area (Northern Chad) and a re-description of Pilocamptus schroederi (van Douwe, 1915)

Lakes of Ounianga — 2015 — WHEF5311C2DBD

A hydrobiological expedition to the Ounianga-Tibesti area of northern Chad uncovered two new stygobiotic copepod species, Haplocyclops henrii and Parastenocaris joi, alongside a re-description of Pilocamptus schroederi. These groundwater-dwelling crustaceans, previously unknown in this region, are part of a Tertiary-era fauna that once thrived across the Sahara. The discovery highlights the Tibesti area as a biodiversity hotspot and suggests these species may be relicts of Gondwanaland's ancient ecosystems. The study provides detailed morphological descriptions and ecological insights into these stygobiotic copepods, contributing to our understanding of subterranean life in desert environments.

Typology of Glazed Ceramics of the Kazan Khanate and Analysis of Its Element Composition

Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin — 2015 — WHE10DA978BD6

Research on glazed ceramics from the Kazan Khanate, part of the UNESCO-listed Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin, reveals distinct chemical compositions that provide insights into trade and craft traditions of the late Middle Ages. Two ceramic samples were found to contain lead-based glaze, while a third exhibited a lead-tin composition with sodium and potassium additives. The study employed emission spectroscopy and electron microscopy, demonstrating strong comparability between these methods while highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. This analysis not only contributes to understanding the material culture of the Kazan Khanate but also establishes an optimal range of analytical procedures for future archeometric research on glazed ceramics.

U/Pb dating of detrital zircons from late Palaeozoic deposits of Bel’kovsky Island (New Siberian Islands): critical testing of Arctic tectonic models

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve — 2015 — WHE42C028EDD0

A shift in the provenance of Upper Devonian–Permian clastic rocks on Bel’kovsky Island, New Siberian Islands, is revealed through U/Pb dating of detrital zircons. The study shows that while Upper Devonian–Carboniferous turbidites originated from Grenvillian, Sveconorwegian, and Timanian sources—similar to those in Severnaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island—lower Permian deposits exhibit a strong affinity with the Uralian Orogen. This suggests either a late Carboniferous to Permian movement of continental blocks toward the Uralian Orogen or long-distance sediment transport across the Barents shelf, challenging existing Arctic tectonic models.

UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Integrated Technologies for Architectural Applications—Methodological Strategies for the After-Quake Survey of Vertical Structures in Mantua (Italy)

Mantua and Sabbioneta — 2015 — WHE74DA7E3D88

A novel approach using UAV-based photogrammetry demonstrates high precision and efficiency for post-seismic surveys of complex vertical structures, such as the Santa Barbara Bell tower in Mantua, Italy. This methodology integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems with traditional techniques like TLS and topographic acquisition to achieve rapid, cost-effective, and secure data collection. The study compares results from laser scanners, metric cameras, and amateur reflex cameras, showcasing the superiority of image-based methods for capturing intricate architectural details. The resulting 3D database enables comprehensive analysis and intervention planning, proving UAV photogrammetry's applicability in emergency contexts where accessibility is challenging.

Ultrasonic Waves and Strength Reduction Indexes for the Assessment of the Advancement of Deterioration Processes in Travertines from Pamukkale and Hierapolis (Turkey)

Hierapolis-Pamukkale — 2015 — WHEFC2C802B6B

Frost and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) are the most detrimental factors to travertine durability, significantly accelerating deterioration when the stone is already weathered. This finding comes from geomechanical research on Turkish travertines from Pamukkale and Hierapolis, which introduced quantitative indicators—ultrasonic waves index (I Vp) and strength reduction index (I Rc)—to predict long-term structural degradation under environmental stress. The study tested resistance to salt crystallization, SO₂ exposure, frost, and high temperatures, following European standards. Results highlight that these indices can effectively forecast the rate of destructive phenomena, offering a tool for assessing travertine longevity in architectural applications.

Un eclesiástico de las élites judeoconversas castellanas a fines del siglo XV: Luis Garcés de Maluenda, canónigo y tesorero de la catedral de Burgos = A Clergyman of the Castilian Converso Elite in the Fifteenth Century: Luis Garcés de Maluenda, Canon...

Burgos Cathedral — 2015 — WHE3BF860DA0F

A rare insight into the life of Luis Garcés de Maluenda, a 15th-century clergyman from Burgos Cathedral with Jewish-convert ancestry, reveals his rapid rise to prominence within the Castilian ecclesiastical elite. Despite dying at 37, he served as both canon and treasurer, playing pivotal roles in economic administration, jurisdictional matters, and high-profile negotiations—such as overseeing the construction of the Constable’s Chapel with Mencía de Mendoza, Countess of Haro. His ownership of an original Gutenberg 42-line Bible underscores his intellectual and social standing during a period marked by religious and cultural transitions in Spain.

Una infraestructura como paisaje cultural lineal: notas sobre el Canal du Midi

Canal du Midi — 2015 — WHEAD86C0E608

Linear cultural landscapes, such as trans-territorial infrastructures, pose unique challenges to heritage management due to their vast dimensions and high maintenance costs. Unlike traditional cultural landscapes, these structures require complex efforts to define, protect, and preserve their overall image and identity. A case study of the Canal du Midi in southern France, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, illustrates these difficulties. The research highlights the contradictions and challenges inherent in classifying such infrastructures as cultural heritage, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to their preservation.

Una ocupación del periodo de agricultura temprana en xochimilco (CA. 4200-4000 A.N.E.)

Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco — 2015 — WHE5F488BDCA3

Archaeological evidence from Xochimilco, part of the UNESCO-listed Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco, reveals early agricultural occupation dating back to approximately 4200-4000 BCE. This discovery sheds light on pre-ceramic societies in the Valley of Mexico, which have been largely overlooked despite their significance in understanding the origins of agriculture and permanent settlements. The study, conducted by McClung de Tapia and Acosta Ochoa (2015), employs systematic analysis to evaluate the role of these early societies in shaping the development of complex social structures, urbanism, and state formation in Mesoamerica. By integrating findings from this region with those from adjacent areas like Teotihuacán, the research contributes to a broader narrative of societal evolution in one of the most pivotal regions of pre-Columbian history.

Una Proposta Metodologica per la Valutazione dei Landscape Services nel Paesaggio Culturale Terrazzato

Costiera Amalfitana — 2015 — WHEA32A747ADF

A novel methodological approach for assessing landscape services in terraced cultural landscapes reveals that regulatory, maintenance, and provisioning services are critical for their preservation. The study, applied to the UNESCO-listed Amalfi Coast, highlights the vulnerability of these landscapes due to socio-economic transformations while emphasizing their role as resilient models shaped over centuries. By integrating international frameworks (UNESCO, ITLA, GIAHS FAO), the research underscores the urgent need to document, evaluate, and safeguard the complex benefits offered by terraced systems to prevent irreversible loss.

Understanding Domestic and International Tourists’ Expenditure Pattern in Melaka, Malaysia: Result of CHAID Analysis

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2015 — WHEAD3DC5850F

Tourists visiting Melaka, Malaysia, tend to spend significantly more on shopping (RM475 and below), accommodation (RM700 and below), and food and beverages (RM367 and below) compared to transportation (RM22.50 and below) and entertainment (RM22.50 and below). This expenditure pattern was revealed through a CHAID analysis of 1,000 survey responses, which modeled interactions between domestic and international tourists across five key tourism sectors. The findings provide actionable insights for local authorities to optimize resource allocation and decision-making in tourism management.

Understanding hikers who approached a hazardous river in Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park — 2015 — WHE139B65BFC9

A significant portion of hikers in Yosemite National Park, particularly males, younger individuals, and those familiar with the trail, are drawn to hazardous river areas primarily for cooling off, despite receiving limited warnings about drowning risks. This study surveyed 399 adults observed near the Merced River's risk zones, revealing that while most felt safe, their risk perceptions did not align with expert assessments of danger. Only a small fraction supported restricting access to these areas, citing safety concerns. The findings suggest that traditional warning systems may not effectively deter risky behavior, and alternative cooling solutions could be more effective in mitigating drowning risks.

Understanding past climate variation and environmental change for the future of an iconic landscape – K'gari Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2015 — WHEEF5C7BEA74

Fraser Island (K'gari) holds one of the longest and most detailed records of past environmental changes, spanning over 750,000 years with high-resolution data from the last 40,000 years. This unique record is attributed to its strategic location in Queensland's coastal subtropical region, exposing it to ocean currents, monsoons, trade winds, and cyclones. The study reviews existing literature to link local processes—such as sea level change and ecological variation—to global climate patterns, highlighting Fraser Island's significance as a sensitive indicator of environmental shifts. Optically stimulated luminescence dating was used to reconstruct these records, offering insights into the island's dynamic landscape history.

Understanding Wari State Expansion: A “Bottom-Up” Approach at the Village of Ak'Awillay, Cusco, Peru

City of Cuzco — 2015 — WHEA8EE805764

Research at the village of Ak'Awillay in Cusco, Peru, reveals that Wari state expansion during the Middle Horizon (A.D. 600-1000) had minimal impact on local communities, contrary to traditional 'top-down' models suggesting direct imperial control. Excavations indicate most changes occurred before Wari colonization, with their presence primarily offering new exchange opportunities for local leaders rather than altering daily life significantly. This 'bottom-up' approach provides a nuanced perspective on how ancient states interacted with peripheral regions, suggesting limited influence beyond immediate colonial areas.

Underwater Drilling and Blasting for Hard Rock Dredging in Indian Ports - A Case Study

Elephanta Caves — 2015 — WHE7D2B5579B0

Controlled underwater drilling and blasting can minimize ground vibrations to safe levels, even near sensitive structures. A case study from Mumbai Port Trust demonstrated that using small quantities of explosives with non-electrical delay detonators reduced vibration effects on nearby structures, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site Elephanta Caves, located 2.6 km away. The research involved dredging approximately 25,000 m³ of hard basalt rock at depths of around 2 meters, with compressive strengths ranging from 16.04 to 37.96 MPa. By initiating each blast hole with a separate delay and confining explosives, the study ensured timely and safe completion of dredging while mitigating risks to surrounding heritage sites.

UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lenggong Valley, Malaysia: A Review of its Contemporary Heritage Management

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2015 — WHEEB7F7A450D

Contemporary heritage management at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lenggong Valley, Malaysia, prioritizes archaeological conservation over social, historical, and aesthetic values. A systematically coded content analysis reveals limited stakeholder participation, with decision-making largely controlled by governmental agencies. The study evaluates the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) across five dimensions: legislation, management strategies, implementation, stakeholder involvement, and integration of local values. Findings indicate a need for more inclusive and balanced approaches to heritage conservation that incorporate diverse perspectives.

Unravelling core microbial metabolisms in the hypersaline microbial mats of Shark Bay using high-throughput metagenomics

Shark Bay, Western Australia — 2015 — WHEE7B33D23F6

Shark Bay's hypersaline microbial mats, potential analogues of Earth's earliest ecosystems, exhibit unique metabolic pathways not found elsewhere. A first-of-its-kind shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed that these mats are dominated by Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with distinct microbial community structures compared to Highbourne Cay (Bahamas). Notably, Shark Bay mats feature alternative non-rubisco-based carbon metabolism pathways, such as the reductive TCA cycle and 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycles, which are absent in other studied ecosystems. Additionally, evidence suggests novel nitrogen and heavy metal cycling processes involving arsenic, mercury, copper, and cadmium. Archaea, highly represented here, may play critical roles in ecosystem function, highlighting Shark Bay's microbial mats as unique and complex ecosystems warranting further study.

Untersuchungen zur Sonneneinstrahlung und natürlichen Lüftung an einem typischen historischen Wohnhaus in der Altstadt von Dschiddah

Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah — 2015 — WHEDED8EE5101

Historical architecture in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, demonstrates remarkable climate-adaptive design features that effectively mitigate the region's hot and humid conditions. A study reveals that traditional three- to six-story coral stone buildings, characterized by distinctive wooden bay windows and geometric forms, optimize solar light input and natural ventilation through sophisticated bauphysikalische strategies. Using daylight analysis and airflow simulations on a historic townhouse, researchers uncovered how these elements interact with the local climate, providing insights into the architectural intelligence of Jeddah's heritage structures.