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Showing 24241 – 24260 of 30345 publications

Time-lapse characterization of hydrothermal seawater and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra at Surtsey Volcano

Surtsey — 2015 — WHE233EE2A30A

A groundbreaking International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project aims to drill through the 50-year-old Surtsey Volcano, Iceland's youngest volcanic island, to investigate hydrothermal and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra. This study builds on a 1979 drilling effort, focusing on the structure of Surtseyan volcanism, changes in fluid geochemistry, and microbial colonization since the last drilling. Researchers plan to install a subsurface observatory to monitor these processes long-term, providing insights into hydrothermal conditions and potential applications for specialty concretes using pyroclastic rock. The project, involving 24 scientists from 10 countries, was developed during a workshop on Heimaey Island in 2014.

Title: Architecture for Archeology - identifying new modular and flexible types of shelter adaptable to the diverse needs of archaeological sites

Archaeological Area of Agrigento — 2015 — WHE68ACA64CDF

A groundbreaking approach to archaeological site preservation has emerged from the 'Architecture for Archeology' workshop, which successfully identified modular and flexible shelter designs using parametric and computational strategies. These innovative structures, developed collaboratively by institutions including Politecnico di Milano, Palermo University, and Tokyo University, aim to address the long-standing issue of inadequate facilities at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Agrigento's Valle dei Templi. The shelters not only protect archaeological finds but also serve as a nucleus for modern architecture within historical parks, blending functionality with aesthetic value. This interdisciplinary integration of architecture, structure, and archaeology holds significant potential for future research and practical applications, offering a strategic solution to enhance tourist infrastructure while preserving cultural heritage.

Tiwanaku influence and social inequality: A bioarchaeological, biogeochemical, and contextual analysis of the Larache cemetery, San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile

Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture — 2015 — WHE8ADF129185

A bioarchaeological and biogeochemical analysis of the Larache cemetery, San Pedro de Atacama, challenges the notion that it was a foreign enclave for Tiwanaku elites. The study reveals that while Larache served as a burial site for a diverse population—including first-generation migrants from various regions—it integrated both local and nonlocal individuals into its elite segment. Radiogenic strontium isotope analysis identified multiple migration origins, while stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes showed dietary differences, with nonlocal individuals consuming a heavily maize-based diet. The mortuary context, featuring unusual burials with abundant gold, suggests cultural integration rather than exclusion, indicating that Larache was not an enclave but a culturally cohesive elite burial site.

To the Question about Background of the Vatican City State

Vatican City — 2015 — WHEF5D38BBFB5

Vatican City State's establishment through the Lateran Pacts on February 11, 1929, marked a pivotal moment in resolving the 'Roman Question,' ending decades of tension between the Vatican and Italy. The agreement recognized the Holy See's sovereignty over Vatican City while acknowledging Italy's statehood with Rome as its capital. The Pacts consisted of three parts: a political treaty granting Vatican independence, a financial convention providing compensations, and a concordat outlining relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian state. This historical analysis highlights how the Pacts concentrated absolute legislative, executive, and judicial power in the hands of the Pope, reshaping the dynamics between temporal and spiritual authority.

Tobacco Farming, Cigar Production and Cuba's Viñales Valley

Viñales Valley — 2015 — WHED20AB0DBC2

Cuba's Viñales Valley stands out as the primary region for producing premium cigars, a process intricately linked to traditional tobacco farming and cigar craftsmanship. The study highlights the unique environmental and cultural conditions that contribute to the valley's reputation for high-quality Cuban cigars (cubanos). It emphasizes the significance of terroir—soil composition, microclimate, and altitude—in shaping the distinct flavor profiles of Viñales' tobacco leaves. The research approach combines geographical analysis with ethnographic insights, examining how local farmers and artisans integrate traditional techniques with modern practices to maintain the valley's legacy as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This dual focus on environmental factors and human expertise underscores the valley's role in preserving Cuba's cultural heritage while sustaining its economic importance.

Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

Virunga National Park — 2015 — WHE9C692E691D

Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) exhibit significantly lower molar tooth wear compared to other primate species, with age and the consumption of gritty plant roots emerging as key determinants. Researchers analyzed percent dentine exposure (PDE) in permanent molars from 23 known-age individuals in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, revealing a strong correlation between PDE and age for both sexes. Additionally, diets rich in root consumption were linked to increased tooth wear, suggesting that the abrasive properties of these foods play a crucial role. The study supports prior findings on reduced wear in mountain gorillas and proposes future research into soil mineral composition to further elucidate intra- and interspecific patterns.

Tore Lomsdalen, 'Sky and Purpose in Prehistoric Malta: Sun, Moon and Stars at the Temples of Mnajdra'

Megalithic Temples of Malta — 2015 — WHE6FA393042E

A groundbreaking study by Tore Lomsdalen refines our understanding of the astronomical alignments at the Neolithic megalithic temples of Mnajdra, Malta. Unlike previous research that identified general associations between celestial events and these structures, Lomsdalen's work pinpoints specific solar, lunar, and stellar alignments linked to particular architectural elements within the complex. This deep-dive approach, focusing on a single monument, allows for intricate analysis of each 'room' in Mnajdra, providing unprecedented precision in interpreting the purpose and function of these ancient sites. Lomsdalen's findings challenge the notion that Malta's megaliths were merely passive observers of celestial phenomena, suggesting instead a deliberate and sophisticated integration of astronomical knowledge into their design.

Tourism development in Bagan, Myanmar: perceptions of its influences upon young peoples’ cultural identity

Bagan — 2015 — WHE140FFE847F

Tourism development in Bagan, Myanmar, significantly influences the cultural identity of young people, fostering both curiosity and conflict. While traditional culture is often 'staged' for tourists, youth also develop hybrid or 'glocalized' identities that blend local and global elements. The study, based on interviews, reveals that tourism creates a complex interplay between tourist expectations and local culture, leading to both positive and negative effects on young people's sense of identity.

Tourism in Bangladesh: Present Status and Future Prospects

Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat — 2015 — WHE4FEBAC055B

Bangladesh's tourism sector, particularly its UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as the Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat, contributes significantly to its economy, accounting for 4.4% of GDP, 3.8% of employment, and 1.5% of investment in 2013. Despite hosting around 600,000 tourists in 2012, the country faces challenges in positioning itself as a major global tourist destination. The study highlights Bangladesh's diverse attractions—rivers, coasts, archaeological sites, and religious places—and identifies factors that could bolster its tourism potential. By analyzing current trends and economic impacts, the research suggests strategic improvements to enhance Bangladesh's appeal for both domestic and international tourists.

Tourism Object Benchmarking : Borobudur Temple And Historic City of Ayyuthaya

Historic City of Ayutthaya — 2015 — WHE476947EBEA

Benchmarking analysis between Borobudur Temple (Indonesia) and the Historic City of Ayutthaya (Thailand) reveals key performance gaps that could enhance tourism outcomes. The study, based on surveys of 100 Indonesian tourists familiar with both sites, identifies disparities in economic, satisfaction, sustainability, and organizational indicators. Findings suggest that leveraging Ayutthaya's strengths—such as its reputation for large-scale Hindu temples and ASEAN prominence—could improve Borobudur Temple's visitor experience and economic benefits for local communities. The research employs accidental sampling via online questionnaires to assess performance against predefined standards, offering actionable insights for local authorities to refine services and attract more tourists.

Tourisme de masse et tourisme responsable en période de crise paysagère : le canal du Midi (France)

Canal du Midi — 2015 — WHE76EC800E70

A critical shift towards sustainable tourism practices is emerging on the UNESCO-listed Canal du Midi, France, as mass and responsible tourism intertwine to address severe landscape and environmental challenges. The study reveals that the loss of iconic century-old plane trees due to fungal disease has disrupted both ecological balance and tourist perceptions, yet adaptive conservation strategies are fostering resilience. Through unprecedented archival research on landscape evolution, coupled with field observations from 2008–2013, the authors demonstrate how enhanced environmental communication and pedestrian behavior are pivotal in mitigating these crises while preserving the site's cultural identity.

Tourist Arrivals Real-time Prediction Based on IOWA-Gauss Method

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2015 — WHE5A06799590

A new model for predicting real-time tourist arrivals, combining hierarchical clustering and Gaussian fitting, demonstrates high effectiveness when applied to Jiuzhaigou Valley. This approach significantly advances tourism forecasting by focusing on daily and real-time data, rather than broader inter-annual or seasonal trends. The study reveals distinct patterns in tourist arrival fluctuations through segment analysis, offering a more precise tool for managing visitor flow at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Jiuzhaigou.

Tourist experiences of urban historic areas: Valletta as a case study

City of Valletta — 2015 — WHECD20CFE1D2

Valletta's historic urban landscape offers diverse and layered experiences that significantly enrich the tourist experience. The study reveals that commonplace elements, when combined with meaningful visual aspects, create interactive and engaging encounters for visitors. First-time tourists often experience stronger emotional responses due to novelty, while repeat visitors benefit from deeper social interactions with locals. The research also highlights a blurring of boundaries between tourists and locals as both engage similarly with the city's spaces. This finding challenges traditional urban design models by emphasizing the tourist's active role in shaping their experience through self-interaction, social engagement, and sensory exploration.

Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Image of Vietnam's Ha Long Bay

Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago — 2015 — WHEAFF93677EF

International visitors to Ha Long Bay exhibit higher standards and greater criticality in evaluating destination services compared to domestic tourists. A survey of 650 tourists revealed that destination image significantly influences satisfaction for both groups, while augmented services—such as unique experiences or amenities—play a pivotal role in shaping international visitors' future intentions to return or recommend the site. This suggests that improving augmented services could enhance visitor loyalty and advocacy, highlighting a key strategy for destination managers to prioritize service enhancement for sustained appeal.

Toward a Global History of Buddhism and Medicine

Ancient Buddhist Site of Sarnath — 2015 — WHED1B89579E0

A global history of Buddhism and medicine, spanning from ancient Sarnath to modern Silicon Valley, reveals a long-standing symbiotic relationship between the two. This study identifies patterns in the transmission and reception of texts and ideas, as well as networks of circulation that have shaped Buddhist practices concerning physical health and healing over centuries. It highlights how contemporary mindfulness trends are part of this enduring connection, emphasizing its global scope and historical depth.

Towards a Risk Management and Conservation Plan for the Djin Blocks at the World Heritage Site of Petra, Jordan: The Case of Djin Block No. 9

Petra — 2015 — WHE2F1D966DC1

A pioneering study integrates advanced digital technologies to assess and document damage on Djin Block No. 9 at Petra, Jordan, revealing critical insights into erosion and weathering mechanisms that threaten its preservation. Using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), close-range photogrammetry, multispectral imaging, and thermography, researchers captured unprecedented 3D records and pathological data, enabling a comprehensive analysis of deterioration patterns. This approach provides actionable recommendations for risk management and conservation planning, marking the first application of such methods to these iconic rock-cut monuments. The findings underscore the potential of cutting-edge documentation techniques in safeguarding cultural heritage under pressure from environmental and temporal factors.

Towards a Standard Plant Species Spectral Library Protocol for Vegetation Mapping: A Case Study in the Shrubland of Doñana National Park

Doñana National Park — 2015 — WHEFB2CF23ADF

Researchers developed a standard protocol for creating spectral libraries of plant species to improve vegetation mapping accuracy using imaging spectroscopy. The study, conducted in Doñana National Park's shrubland, focused on five dominant shrub species: Erica scoparia, Halimium halimifolium, Ulex australis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Stauracanthus genistoides. Findings indicated significant intra-species variability (p < 0.05) using the Student's t-test, while spectral similarity value (SSV) and spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithms demonstrated notable separability among species, though Ulex australis and Stauracanthus genistoides could not be distinguished. This protocol aims to enhance the reliability of spectral libraries by standardizing data acquisition methods, accounting for spatiotemporal variations in plant reflectance.

Towards an Explicit Justice Framing of the Social Impacts of Conservation

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2015 — WHE74AA7A9941

Biodiversity conservation efforts, particularly in impoverished and socially marginalized contexts, can benefit from a more explicit assessment of environmental justice outcomes. This study introduces guidelines for evaluating distribution and recognition justice, which cannot be traded off against each other due to their non-equivalence. Applying these guidelines to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda, the research identifies significant social impacts of conservation, such as the long-term impoverishment and domination of the indigenous Batwa people. The study suggests that incorporating environmental justice assessments can provide constructive insights for aligning conservation practices with justice needs.

Towards Governance or the Management of Cultural Landscapes

Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape — 2015 — WHE066D0FE1AE

Effective governance of cultural landscapes, such as Austria's Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut World Heritage region, requires integrating natural and cultural heritage into regional development while addressing the complex interplay between stakeholders, including local inhabitants, visitors, businesses, farmers, and civil society. This study highlights the need for a balanced approach that considers both vertical (politics, administration) and horizontal (private sector, civil society) dimensions of governance to sustainably manage these landscapes. The research employs a qualitative analysis of regional planning cultures and legal frameworks, offering insights into how regions can harmonize heritage preservation with economic and social development.

Towards the comprehensive and systematic assessment of the adaptive reuse of Islamic architectural heritage in Cairo

Historic Cairo — 2015 — WHEECBF4CB598

A comprehensive assessment framework for the adaptive reuse of Islamic architectural heritage in Cairo has been developed, emphasizing three key goals: building preservation, successful integration of new functions, and local community development. This framework addresses gaps in existing evaluations by considering multiple criteria from a holistic perspective, rather than focusing on singular aspects like preservation or sustainability alone. It provides specific guidelines for Cairo while also offering broader applicability to other heritage contexts. The study highlights the potential for adaptive reuse projects to stimulate economic growth and social reinforcement within local communities. Future research should focus on refining assessment methodologies and setting quantitative/qualitative thresholds for each criterion to enhance practical implementation.