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Cultural heritage tourism and authenticity: San Antonio Missions Historic District

San Antonio Missions — 2013 — WHE73EB7B771F

San Antonio Missions Historic District offers significant potential for community-based cultural heritage tourism, fostering economic and social benefits while preserving authenticity. The study highlights the district's ability to attract visitors through its unique historical narrative, landscape, and culture, contributing to local pride, revenue generation, and job creation. It also emphasizes the importance of balancing tourism growth with the preservation of residents' quality of life and cultural identity. The research explores strategies for small businesses to integrate into the heritage tourism economy while sustaining the district's authenticity. By leveraging historic preservation as a tool for community revitalization, this approach aims to mitigate the negative impacts often associated with mass tourism.

Cultural heritage tourism research: a sustainable community-based design project for the San Antonio Mission Historic District

San Antonio Missions — 2013 — WHE4CA9437648

A multi-year project aims to restore and enhance 13 miles of the San Antonio River, focusing on two segments: Museum Reach and Mission Reach. The Mission Reach segment, which overlaps with the historic San Antonio Missions, is designed to connect the four missions—Concepcion, San Jose, San Juan, and Espada—to the river through 'Mission Portals.' These portals will feature historical and artistic interpretations, highlighting the social and cultural significance of the missions. The research demonstrates how sustainable development practices can optimize economic, historical, social, and cultural dimensions to support heritage tourism in South San Antonio, potentially advancing the Missions as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Cultural Landscape: Stone Towers on Mount Etna

Mount Etna — 2013 — WHE37BE397C34

A comprehensive investigation of stone towers on Mount Etna reveals their significant architectural complexity and historico-cultural-landscape validity, dating from the late 1700s to early 1900s. These unique structures, built from stones removed during agricultural land regeneration, are part of a renewable heritage that supports biodiversity while holding cultural and historical importance. The study identified 19 clearly identifiable towers across four council zones using historical documents, tower censuses, and field data. It underscores the urgent need for state intervention to preserve these towers, which are currently in a state of extreme abandonment or gradual disappearance due to agricultural land conversion.

Cultural legacies, fire ecology, and environmental change in the Stone Country of Arnhem Land and Kakadu National Park, Australia

Kakadu National Park — 2013 — WHEFC93D10B05

Central Arnhem Land (CAL) exhibits greater savanna heterogeneity and biodiversity compared to Kakadu National Park (KNP), primarily due to the continued integration of Aboriginal fire management practices and the cultural inclusion of Asian water buffalo. The study found that intact groves of Callitris intratropica, a fire-sensitive conifer, were more prevalent in CAL, indicating higher gamma diversity and habitat heterogeneity. This was attributed to traditional Aboriginal burning techniques and the ecological role of buffalo, which may mitigate destructive fires. In contrast, KNP, managed through prescribed burning and buffalo eradication, showed less biodiversity. The research suggests that sustainability in this UNESCO World Heritage Site relies on adaptive management that balances indigenous cultural practices with ecological disturbance regimes.

Cultural Tourism in Greece at a Time of Economic Crisis

Archaeological Site of Olympia — 2013 — WHE06E794170A

A significant decline in visitor numbers to Greek archaeological sites and museums, including the Acropolis Museum and the National Archaeological Museum, was observed during the economic crisis. Despite the opening of the New Acropolis Museum in 2009 attracting over a million visitors initially, numbers dropped by 7.1% from 2009 to 2010. The study highlights that while museum visits stabilized between 2008 and 2012, overall visitor numbers decreased significantly compared to pre-crisis levels. The economic downturn also exacerbated illegal looting, with substantial seizures of antiquities reported, while restoration efforts on the Athenian Acropolis improved visitor experiences. The research underscores the impact of economic crises on cultural tourism, archaeological fieldwork, and the preservation of heritage sites.

Culture Tourism as a Sustainable Tourism Type: The Ephesus Example

Ephesus — 2013 — WHEB621C059CD

Culture tourism, growing faster than other forms of tourism, presents both opportunities and challenges for preserving cultural heritage. This study identifies key elements that could support sustainable culture tourism at Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with significant historical value but underutilized potential. It highlights the need for balanced approaches to avoid environmental damage while maximizing tourist value. The research emphasizes strategic planning, continuous market creation, and avoiding passive tourism practices to ensure long-term sustainability. By analyzing Ephesus's current tourism landscape, the study proposes a theoretical framework aimed at developing the region as a sustainable tourist destination without compromising its cultural integrity.

Curating ‘northernness’ in Neolithic Orkney: a contemporary monumental biography

Heart of Neolithic Orkney — 2013 — WHE93E2BFCDBE

Aesthetic and political discourses of 'northernness' shape the conservation debate around UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) such as Neolithic Orkney. This study reveals how proposals for modern developments, like wind farms, draw on historical and cultural narratives tied to Scotland's identity, while also risking compromising the site's authenticity and WHS status. The research analyzes the 2013 wind farm controversy in Orkney, demonstrating how competing visions of sustainability—environmental, community-based, and heritage-focused—were framed through enduring aesthetic and political categories. By examining archival records, policy documents, and public debates, the study exposes the tension between progress and preservation, highlighting how 'northernness' serves as both a cultural resource and a contested site in heritage management.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Ahsa Oasis in Saudi Arabia and in Sudan: A comparative study

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2013 — WHE23218EFFCA

A comparative study of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan reveals shared clinical manifestations but distinct epidemiological patterns. Both regions are affected by Leishmania major, transmitted by the vector Phlebotomus papatasi, with Psammomys obesus serving as the reservoir host in Saudi Arabia and the Nile rat in Sudan. While symptoms like ulcers and scars are common, some forms observed in Sudan were absent in Saudi Arabia, suggesting regional variations in disease presentation or transmission dynamics. The study also examines pathological differences, immunological responses, diagnostic challenges, and treatment efficacy, contributing to a better understanding of CL's diverse manifestations across geographic and ecological contexts.

Cyanidiales diversity in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2013 — WHEE3E900BFBC

A groundbreaking study reveals that soil moisture is a critical factor influencing the distribution and viability of Cyanidiales, an order of unicellular red algae thriving in acidic geothermal environments. Researchers identified two distinct phylogenetic lineages—Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria—in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), with Cyanidioschyzon dominating aqueous, moist soil, and endolithic habitats, while Galdieria was absent from aquatic environments but present in soil and rock samples. Notably, the study found no evidence of Cyanidium or Galdieria phlegrea in prime Cyanidiales habitats, challenging previous assumptions about their distribution. Using culture-dependent methods and environmental PCR surveys across YNP, the research provides the first in situ evidence linking gravimetric moisture to algal habitat preference, advancing our understanding of extremophile ecology in geothermally active regions.

Cyclone Sidr Impacts on the Sundarbans Floristic Diversity

The Sundarbans — 2013 — WHE8FF2BD29A2

A severe tropical cyclone, Sidr, struck the Sundarbans in November 2007, causing significant damage to its floristic diversity. The study found that approximately 45% of the Bangladesh portion of this UNESCO World Heritage Site (about 2500 sq. km) was affected, with three key mangrove species—Heritiera fomes (Sundari), Excoecaria agallocha (Gewa), and Sonneratia apetala (Kewra)—showing notable declines in abundance. Remote sensing techniques, including unsupervised classification (ISODATA) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis of Landsat 7 ETM+ images from 2007 to 2010, revealed that post-cyclone regeneration occurred at a faster rate between 2009-2010 compared to 2008-2009. The findings highlight the Sundarbans' resilience but also underscore the temporary loss of diversity following extreme disturbances, which took three years to recover. This study demonstrates the efficiency of remote sensing in assessing and monitoring such ecological impacts.

Cyrene Papers: The Final Report. Richard Norton's Exploration of the Northern Necropolis of Cyrene (24 October 1910 – 4 May 1911): From Archives to Archaeological Contexts

Archaeological Site of Cyrene — 2013 — WHE70D74483A6

Richard Norton's 1910–1911 excavation of Cyrene's Northern Necropolis, the first officially sanctioned archaeological mission at the site, offers critical insights into funerary practices and artifact typology from the late Classical period to the second century AD. The study, based on archival documents including reports, photographs, and sketches housed in Boston's Museum of Fine Arts, reveals that tombs were successively reused from the late Hellenistic period onward, a practice not previously documented for Cyrene. Additionally, it provides a detailed typological range of artifacts selected for funerary rituals, primarily during the Hellenistic era. The excavation sheds light on the history of necropolis exploration while addressing the challenges posed by looting and reuse, which have left many tombs in ruinous condition.

Dados da Chuva Polínica no Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara (PNSC), Piauí, Brasil

Serra da Capivara National Park — 2013 — WHE3810914342

A four-year study (1998–2001) at Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, revealed a striking disconnect between flowering seasons and rainfall patterns in the semi-arid region. The research analyzed pollen rain to map local flora, providing foundational data for future vegetation management. By collecting and examining pollen samples over multiple years, scientists identified temporal mismatches that could inform conservation strategies for this UNESCO World Heritage Site's unique biodiversity.

Darüşşifas Where Music Threapy was Practiced During Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans / Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Darüşşifalarında Müzikle Tedavi

Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği — 2013 — WHE55C262F602

Historical evidence reveals that Turkish and Islamic civilizations, notably during the Seljuk and Ottoman eras, employed music therapy as a sophisticated medical practice. The study identifies surviving Darüşşifas (medical and educational institutions) where acoustic design and scientific research—rooted in works by scholars like Avicenna, Rhazes, and Farabi—facilitated music-based treatments for mental disorders. Key sites analyzed include Kayseri Gevher Nesibe Tıp Medresesi (1206), Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşşifası (1228), and others, demonstrating how art and acoustics were harnessed centuries ago to enhance healing. This research underscores the enduring legacy of music therapy in historical healthcare systems.

Data on nesting, incubation, and hatchling emergence in the two native aquatic turtle species (Emys orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa) from Doñana National Park

Doñana National Park — 2013 — WHE481E85475B

Research in Doñana National Park reveals significant differences in nesting, incubation, and hatchling emergence between two native aquatic turtle species: Emys orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa. The study found that both species can lay at least two clutches from May to July, with distinct incubation periods—83 days for E. orbicularis and 46-53 days for M. leprosa. Incubation temperatures also varied, with E. orbicularis eggs developing at a cooler 24.7°C compared to the warmer 28.7°C for M. leprosa. Notably, all hatchlings of E. orbicularis remained in the nest until extraction in October, whereas M. leprosa hatchlings emerged within one to twelve days post-hatching, with some remaining in the nest. Hatchling emergence was observed from late August to early October for M. leprosa and between September 18th and 23rd for E. orbicularis. This study provides critical insights into the reproductive strategies of these species, which may inform conservation efforts in Doñana National Park.

De l’usine à l’utopie : New Lanark 1785-1825. : Histoire d’un village ouvrier « modèle »

New Lanark — 2013 — WHE59D400271F

New Lanark, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Scotland, is renowned as a 'model' textile worker village associated with Robert Owen, often hailed as the father of British socialism. This study challenges the mythification of New Lanark by recontextualizing its history within the Industrial Revolution and analyzing its paternalistic management practices. It reveals that while New Lanark was indeed an innovative social experiment under Owen's leadership, its reputation as a precursor to socialism utopique is strategic, reflecting broader historical processes rather than inherent qualities. The research examines internal village dynamics, Owen's reformist policies, and the reception of his doctrine, ultimately arguing that his integration into socialist canon stems from deliberate efforts to establish his legacy despite perceived eccentricities.

De vous à nous . Notre-Dame dans la Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres de Charles Péguy

Chartres Cathedral — 2013 — WHE47294B7EA0

Charles Péguy's poetic work, 'La Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres,' reveals a profound spiritual and aesthetic dimension rooted in the act of sacrifice. Through his journey as a pilgrim to Chartres Cathedral, Péguy explores themes of Incarnation, where the spiritual and physical are not opposing but intertwined. The poem's structure, marked by litanies and a collective 'we' in prayer, reflects this unity, offering both moral depth and poetic beauty. This analysis underscores how Péguy's choice of verse form—characterized by renunciation—serves as a source of both aesthetic and spiritual fervor.

Death at Number

Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun — 2013 — WHEB5E7147368

A historical and chemical analysis reveals a potential link between copper exposure from the Great Copper Mountain mine in Falun, Sweden, and the aggressive revolutionary behavior exhibited by the Dalecarlian miners during the 18th century. The study suggests that high levels of testosterone, chemically related to copper, may have contributed to the miners' tendency toward rebellion against royal authority. While the research primarily relies on historical accounts rather than direct chemical evidence, it posits an intriguing connection between mineral wealth and societal unrest. This interpretation extends beyond traditional economic analysis by incorporating biochemical factors into the narrative of historical events.

Death on display

Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection — 2013 — WHE27FCB46791

Memorial sites for mass atrocities, while intended to foster reconciliation and national unity, often exacerbate underlying tensions related to national belonging. This study examines how local communities in Cambodia and Rwanda engage with such sites, which prominently display human remains and artifacts of violence. Using ethnographic data, it reveals that these memorials, curated by post-genocidal regimes, are instrumentalized to bolster the credibility of the state but fail to create a unified narrative of national identity. Instead, they challenge local spiritual beliefs and customs, complicating efforts to reintegrate victims into the national body. The research highlights the complex interplay between memorialization, national belonging, and historical memory, suggesting that such sites may deepen divisions rather than promote reconciliation.

Decarbonated development of tourist attractions based on system dynamics

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2013 — WHEC2FBD7CCFF

Research on Jiuzhaigou Valley reveals that carbon emissions handling rates reach a threshold beyond which they no longer significantly impact decarbonated development, with the region's carbon emissions per unit of economic benefit declining to meet sustainable development standards. The study employs system dynamics modeling to analyze subsystems including economic operations, social development, environmental protection, and infrastructure support, using Jiuzhaigou Valley as a case study for empirical analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that while initial reductions in carbon emissions are critical, sustained decarbonation depends on broader systemic changes rather than solely on emission handling rates.

Decay of Limestone Statues at Mount Nemrut (Adiyaman, Turkey)

Nemrut Dağ — 2013 — WHE9B5D66A713

Limestone statues at Mount Nemrut, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey, are deteriorating primarily due to dissolution along microcracks exacerbated by freezing-thawing cycles and direct atmospheric exposure. The study found that weathering is more pronounced on the east terrace, where these cycles are frequent, and on statue faces exposed to rain and snow. Harsh atmospheric conditions at the site accelerate decay, prompting recommendations to minimize direct contact with precipitation to preserve the statues.