Publications
Machine learning approach to Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl obsidians: insights from Tūlūl al Baqarat obsidian prehistoric tools (Iraq, IV millennium BC) and volcanological implications
A machine learning approach has identified Nemrut Dağ stratovolcano in southeastern Turkey as the likely source of nine obsidian blades from the archaeological site of Tūlūl al Baqarat (Iraq), dating back to the 4th millennium BC. The study, which employed non-invasive chemical analysis and geochemical comparisons, found that these tools exhibit a unique peraluminous rhyolite composition with high zirconium content, distinguishing them from other known Turkish and Armenian obsidian sources. This discovery supports the hypothesis of extensive trade networks along the Tigris River during prehistoric times, facilitating exchange between Turkey and the South Near East as early as 4000 years ago.
A machine learning approach to Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl Obsidians: non-invasive and non-destructive geochemical analyses for provenance source of Tulūl al Baqarat tools (Iraq)
A groundbreaking analysis using machine learning has identified Nemrut Dağ, a stratovolcano in southeastern Turkey, as the likely source of obsidian tools found at the archaeological site of Tulūl al Baqarat in Iraq. The study employed non-invasive and non-destructive geochemical techniques, including SEM-EDS microprobe and micro-XRF, to analyze major, minor, and trace elements in nine obsidian blades. Unlike traditional methods, machine learning provided an exhaustive discriminative approach that confirmed the tools' composition matched Nemrut Dağ's mild alkaline rhyolitic obsidians from pre-caldera eruptions. This finding supports historical evidence of extensive trade networks spanning Turkey and the South Near East during the 4th Millennium BCE, likely facilitated by riverine routes along the Tigris and Euphrates to the Persian Gulf.
Characterization of the Obsidian Used in the Chipped Stone Industry in Kendale Hecala
Archaeological analysis of obsidian artifacts from Kendale Hecala, an Ubaid-period settlement in Southeast Anatolia, reveals that multiple obsidian sources were utilized, including Nemrut Dağ, Bingöl B, and Group 3d. This finding sheds light on the socio-cultural organization of the region during this period by demonstrating a complex distribution network for raw materials. The study employed macro-observations and handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to characterize the obsidian samples, followed by multivariate data analysis to identify source varieties. These techniques allowed researchers to trace the operational sequence of the lithic industry, providing insights into the settlement's technological practices and economic strategies.
Analytical Investigation of Obsidian Tools from Kurdistan Province, Iran: Determination of Exchange Paths During the Chalcolithic Period
A groundbreaking analysis of Chalcolithic obsidian tools from Kurdistan, Iran, reveals distinct exchange pathways during this period. Using X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis, researchers traced the origins of artifacts from Namashir, Ghazikhan, and Galali to sources in Anatolia and Armenia. Notably, Early to Late Chalcolithic 1 tools from Namashir were sourced from Meydan Dağ, while Late Chalcolithic 1 tools from Galali originated from Nemrut Dağ. The study also found that during the Late Chalcolithic 2, multiple sources and exchange paths emerged, indicating evolving trade networks. This research sheds light on the complex movement of cultural materials in ancient times.
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