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Decline and Local Extinction of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp

Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System — 2013 — WHEA5A376A072

A recent study documents the dramatic decline and apparent local extinction of eusocial shrimp species, the only known eusocial marine animals, on the Belize Barrier Reef. Researchers found that three out of four eusocial Synalpheus species, which had been abundant in coral rubble for decades, disappeared between 2012 collections and prior surveys. This decline was marked by reduced colony sizes and increased queenless colonies, while nonsocial shrimp species became more frequent. The study attributes these changes to the disappearance of sponge species that eusocial shrimp depend on, alongside broader shifts in coral assemblages. Similar patterns were observed in Jamaica, suggesting a wider trend linked to environmental changes affecting dead coral substratum and associated organisms.

Democracy in Ruins: The Case of the Hungarian Parliament

Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue — 2013 — WHE5788DE3FC2

A neo-Gothic masterpiece, the Hungarian Parliament building in Budapest, stands as a striking contrast to the narrative of Central European democracy's emergence in 1989. Commissioned over a century before communism's fall and inaugurated in 1902, it was once the world's largest and most impressive parliament building. This architectural marvel challenges conventional timelines by illustrating that democratic institutions, as embodied in grand legislative structures, predated the region's political transformations. The study examines this paradox through historical analysis, questioning how such monumental democratic symbols coexisted with authoritarian regimes, thereby offering a nuanced perspective on democracy's material and ideological manifestations.

Density and reproduction of the Queen Conch Eustrombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) at Cabo Cruz, Desembarco del Granma National Park, Cuba

Desembarco del Granma National Park — 2013 — WHE682E626CAA

A study at Cabo Cruz, Desembarco del Granma National Park, Cuba, reveals that the queen conch (Eustrombus gigas) population exhibits seasonal variations in density and reproduction. The highest density (468.5 ind./ha) was observed during cold fronts, while the lowest (268.5 ind./ha) occurred in the dry season. Laguna area showed the highest density (520.4 ind./ha), whereas Farito had the lowest (290.9 ind./ha). Reproductive activity, totaling 158 events, was most frequent during the rainy season (36%), with mating and egg-laying influenced by temperature and photoperiod. The population appears self-sufficient for recruitment year-round, suggesting sustainable exploitation is possible if managed through functional zoning, fishing area rotation, and a closed season. Laguna should be protected as a reproduction zone.

Density and reproduction of the Queen Conch Eustrombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) at Cabo Cruz, Desembarco del Granma National Park, Cuba

Desembarco del Granma National Park — 2013 — WHE5A3BF06902

A significant queen conch (Eustrombus gigas) population exists in the Southeastern region of Cuba, with sustainable exploitation viable through targeted management. The study, conducted at Cabo Cruz, Desembarco del Granma National Park from 2009-2010, found the highest density during cold fronts (468.5 ind./ha), particularly at Laguna (520.4 ind./ha). Reproductive activity occurred year-round, peaking in the rainy season (36%), indicating a self-sufficient population for recruitment. Researchers recommend protecting Laguna as a no-fishing reproduction zone and implementing functional zoning, fishing area rotation, and a closed season to ensure sustainable management.

Density and Structure of a Queen ConchStrombus gigas(Mollusca: Strombidae) Population at Desembarco del Granma National Park, Cabo Cruz, Cuba.

Desembarco del Granma National Park — 2013 — WHED81F2C91D3

A queen conch population at Desembarco del Granma National Park, Cuba, exhibits density-dependent stunting, with high densities (up to 1767 ind.ha-1) leading to smaller-than-expected sizes. The study found that while 73% of conchs had fully formed lips, they measured less than the minimum fishing size (200 mm SL), suggesting a 'dwarf' population. Research across three zones and climatic periods revealed aggregated distributions and seasonal density variations, with the highest densities during the dry season. These findings highlight the need for revised management plans to ensure sustainable use of this protected area's conch resources.

Dependency on natural resources: post-conflict challenges for livelihoods security and environmental sustainability in Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo

Virunga National Park — 2013 — WHE7C72DA2125

Post-conflict Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, faces severe environmental degradation due to heightened dependency on natural resources from Virunga National Park (VNP) and Lake Kivu. Research reveals that insecurity, theft, and uncertainty limit agricultural expansion, forcing local populations to rely heavily on forest products and fish from protected areas, increasing depletion risks. Key challenges include high population density, limited livelihood alternatives, unpredictability, and weak state governance, which must be addressed for sustainable resource conservation. The study highlights the urgent need to understand conflict impacts on livelihoods and conservation efforts in this region.

Derivation of critical rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides as a tool for debris flow early warning systems

Costiera Amalfitana — 2013 — WHEEA522DB912

Researchers have developed a novel method to derive critical rainfall thresholds (CRT) for shallow landslides, which can be used as a tool for debris flow early warning systems. This approach overcomes limitations associated with empirical methods when historical data is scarce or environmental conditions change over time. The methodology involves mathematical and numerical simulations based on the infinite-slope stability model, where slope instability is governed by increased groundwater pressure due to rainfall. The effect of rainfall infiltration on landslide occurrence is modeled using a reduced form of the Richards equation. The study investigates the range of rainfall durations for which this method can be accurately employed and derives an equation for its lower limit. A large number of simulations were performed, combining different values of rainfall characteristics such as intensity and duration of event rainfall, as well as antecedent rainfall intensity. For each combination, the percentage of basin instability was computed, forming a database used to derive CRT curves. The methodology was tested in a small basin on the Amalfi Coast, Italy, showing good agreement with observed rainfall amounts during a playback period. The study also highlights that the lack of knowledge about soil parameter variability can significantly affect results, which is partially mitigated by using a Monte Carlo approach.

Descrizione di Pompei

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2013 — WHE906D706DEF

Giuseppe Fiorelli's 'Descrizione di Pompei' (1875) revolutionized archaeological documentation at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Pompeii. His systematic approach, including the creation of a general map, 1:100 model, and plaster casts to preserve ancient body forms, established modern excavation standards still in use today. Fiorelli's regional, insula-based classification system for organizing the site's description not only illuminated the development of archaeological methods but also provided a lasting framework for understanding Pompeii's history. This work reflects his significant contributions as Director of Excavations and Professor of Archaeology at Naples, marking a pivotal moment in the study of this remarkable site.

Desenvolvimento de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais para recuperação de áreas degradadas na floresta ombrófila densa, Paraty, RJ

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2013 — WHEB6435E7245

Research demonstrates that 'mixed' planting (two plants per hole) in agroforestry systems significantly enhances tree species growth, regardless of whether leguminous or non-leguminous species are used. This approach shows promise for silvicultural production and the restoration of degraded areas within the dense Atlantic Forest at Paraty, Brazil. The study measured stem circumference, commercial height, and total height four years after planting, revealing that mixed planting outperforms single-planting methods in terms of growth efficiency. These findings provide a practical strategy for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem recovery in UNESCO-listed sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande.

Design of new gypsum-lime based mortars applied on the restoration of Mudejar heritage from Aragon (Spain)

Mudejar Architecture of Aragon — 2013 — WHEFCD2C21DAC

New gypsum-lime based mortars, designed for compatibility with traditional Mudejar materials, show promise for the restoration of Aragon's heritage. These mortars, developed through systematic variation of binder proportions and aggregate types, meet key physicomechanical requirements, ensuring their suitability for conservation efforts. The study provides practical guidelines for selecting optimal mortar mixtures, addressing the deterioration of brick masonry structures—a common challenge in Mudejar monuments.

Design of the Brasilia TV Tower

Brasilia — 2013 — WHE3FC2475C7F

The Brasilia TV Tower, designed by Lucio Costa, exemplifies innovative architectural and engineering integration. This study delves into the structural and aesthetic foundations of the tower, revealing how its concrete base and metal framework were harmoniously merged to achieve both functional and symbolic goals. The research, part of a broader dissertation on Costa's work, employs a detailed analysis of architectural bases and project aspects, offering insights into the interplay between form and structure in modernist design. The findings underscore the tower's significance as a landmark of Brasilia, showcasing its enduring influence on urban planning and architecture.

Designs of Kings and Farmers: Landscape Systems of the Greater Angkor Urban Complex

Angkor — 2013 — WHE3CF9732BFE

Greater Angkor's landscape reveals two distinct planning traditions: centralized, elite-driven designs and decentralized, locally driven systems. Contrary to prevailing views, extensive cultural landscapes can emerge without top-down control, often shaped by local traditions. Using remote-sensing imagery from 2007–2010, researchers mapped 1,000 km² of rice fields and 22,000 km of bunds, identifying 'coaxial' (centralized) and 'cardinal' (local) systems. These systems reflect divergent development models with lasting physical impacts, still visible today. The study highlights complex interactions between central and local planning, challenging assumptions about the origins of large-scale landscape designs.

Detecting Ethnicity at Teotihuacan through Archaeology

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2013 — WHEFCCBDB4EB4

Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of Michoacán groups at Teotihuacan, challenging previous assumptions about ethnic diversity in Classic-period Mesoamerica. The study focuses on Structure N1W5:19, analyzing household and burial assemblages from 1991 excavations to trace the formation and maintenance of a distinct Michoacán identity between 350–650 CE. While ties to Oaxaca, the Gulf Coast, and the Maya region are well-documented, this research provides new insights into the less understood Michoacán connection, contributing to broader discussions on ethnicity in ancient urban centers.

Detection and Projections of Climate Change in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2013 — WHEBD86ED95ED

Climate change projections for Rio de Janeiro reveal significant increases in extreme weather events, with heavy rainfall becoming more frequent and intense, particularly in the city's forest regions. Observational data from INMET's weather stations and future projections using INPE’s Eta-HadCM3 regional model indicate that by the end of the 21st century, rainfall amounts during heavy precipitation could rise substantially, while dry periods will lengthen and wet seasons shorten. Temperature trends show a marked warming, with maximum temperatures projected to increase by 2–5°C above current levels, and minimum temperatures by 2–4°C. By 2100, hot days and nights are expected to dominate, accounting for 40% to 70% of days and 55% to 85% of nights, with no cold days or nights remaining. These findings underscore the urgent need for adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on Rio de Janeiro's vulnerable landscapes.

Determination of gaseous and particulate carbonyls (glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nonanal and decanal) in the atmosphere at Mt. Tai

Mount Taishan — 2013 — WHE1261055907

Researchers found that gaseous carbonyl compounds, particularly glyoxal and methylglyoxal, dominate the atmospheric composition at Mount Taishan (Mt. Tai), with concentrations significantly higher than particulate counterparts—up to 20 times more abundant. These findings suggest a strong influence of biomass burning from agricultural waste on the site's atmosphere, supported by correlations with levoglucosan, a tracer for such activities. The study employed a two-step filter cartridge system to measure semi-volatile carbonyls every three hours over several days in June 2006, revealing that glycolaldehyde and hydroxyacetone also exhibit distinct phase distributions. While no clear diurnal pattern emerged for most compounds, upward transport of pollutants from the North China Plain was identified as a key process shaping atmospheric conditions at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Determination of the Geometric Form of Hierapolis Theater in Pamukkale, Turkey

Hierapolis-Pamukkale — 2013 — WHE6F440ADF09

Researchers determined that the Hierapolis theater near Pamukkale, Turkey, exhibits a statistically significant elliptical shape when analyzed using precise surveying techniques. By employing an electronic total station instrument and applying an ellipse-fitting algorithm, the study assessed the geometric form of the theater's rings. Statistical testing revealed that an elliptical model best represents the theater's structure, providing insights into its architectural design. This finding challenges assumptions about circularity in ancient theaters and offers a method for characterizing similar heritage sites.

Developing destinations in the northern periphery

High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago — 2013 — WHE3DC49BC3E7

This study highlights the challenges and opportunities of developing tourism in peripheral regions, focusing on the High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago World Heritage Site. It reveals that while tourism can sustain rural communities, remote locations require high revenue per tourist, demanding exceptional quality standards. The research compares the Kvarken Archipelago's tourism development with Sweden's 'Gold of Lapland' destination, showing differing national strategies and stakeholders' perspectives. Finland's approach emphasizes environmental protection and planning, whereas Sweden prioritizes entrepreneurship and business growth. Despite these differences, the study underscores the importance of learning from successful destinations to adapt and maintain sustainable tourism development.

Development of Multimedia Contents System for Gogurye Ancient Tomb Mural

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2013 — WHE566E301B52

A virtual system that enables users to experience Goguryeo tomb murals through immersive multimedia content has been successfully developed. This innovative approach combines Flash for user-friendly interfaces, 3D Max for modeling and rendering, and Adobe Premiere for educational animations. The system provides detailed insights into the daily life of Goguryeo people, covering aspects such as their clothing, homes, and recreational activities, while also offering historical context on the murals, sites, and periodization. This development enhances educational engagement with one of Korea's most renowned cultural heritage sites.

Development of sustainable cultural heritage tourism in China : a comparative study of ancient towns in Lijiang and Chengdu

Old Town of Lijiang — 2013 — WHE2FD93D8147

A comparative study of Lijiang Old Town and China’s Lane in Chengdu reveals that while China’s Lane outperforms Lijiang in sustainable cultural heritage tourism development due to stronger government guidance and segregation systems, both sites face declining cultural authenticity primarily caused by the displacement of indigenous populations and disruption of local community networks. The research underscores the need for governments to shift from dominant control to supportive guidance roles, adopt effective right segregation management, and establish comprehensive assessment mechanisms to ensure long-term sustainability. It also highlights the critical importance of preserving cultural authenticity and local community structures as foundational elements for sustainable heritage tourism.

Devociones reales e imagen pública en Sevilla

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville — 2013 — WHE1F9E28CE32

Research reveals that the statues of 'Virgen de la Antigua' and 'Virgen de los Reyes,' traditionally linked to King Ferdinand III of Castile, played a pivotal role in shaping the public image of the Castilian monarchy within the mudéjar cathedral of Seville. The study examines the origins and historical significance of these associations, as well as the artistic heritage of their respective shrines—located at Saint Peter’s chapel and the royal chapel. By analyzing the devotional practices and symbolic meanings embedded in these statues, the research underscores their importance as emblems of monarchical power and identity during the medieval period.