World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 26481 – 26500 of 30315 publications

Modelando a expansão da gramínea invasora Brachiaria spp. em uma unidade de conservação

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2013 — WHE7178601373

A study on the expansion of the invasive grass Brachiaria spp. in Emas National Park, a critical UNESCO World Heritage Site in Brazil's Cerrado biome, reveals that internal roads and light availability are key drivers of its spread. The research found that vehicle traffic along these roads increases Brachiaria abundance tenfold compared to restricted-access areas, while open vegetation types like Campo Limpo are up to 20 times more susceptible to invasion than forested areas. Subtle slopes (around 1 degree) also direct grass expansion toward lower elevations. Using spatial-temporal data from 2002 and 2012, cellular automaton models linked these patterns to environmental variables, suggesting targeted management strategies such as road use restrictions, phytosanitary measures for visitors, and prioritization of control in open areas and declivities. This work provides actionable insights for mitigating invasive species impacts in protected areas.

Modeling the effects of eruptive and seismic activities on flank instability at Mount Etna, Italy

Mount Etna — 2013 — WHE4167B24152

A study modeling the effects of seismic and magmatic activities on flank instability at Mount Etna, Italy, reveals that high-magnitude near-field earthquakes (with a return time of approximately 103 years) and vertical magma dike ascent beneath the volcano summit can induce significant strain, potentially leading to displacements of tens of centimeters in the summit area and stress releases up to 107 Pascals. These findings suggest that such events may trigger major effusive flank eruptions but do not necessarily lead to catastrophic flank collapses. The research employed a 2-D finite difference method numerical modeling approach, incorporating data on seismic actions (including near-field and far-field earthquakes) and magmatic pressure changes from lava fountains and dike ascent. Model results were validated against monitoring data and recent eruptive activity, providing insights crucial for risk assessment in densely populated volcanic regions.

Modelling nesting site suitability in a population of reintroduced Eurasian black vultures Aegypius monachus in the Grands Causses, France

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2013 — WHE0B3C4AD3D8

A population of reintroduced Eurasian black vultures (Aegypius monachus) in the Grands Causses, France, demonstrates that only 10 nest locations are needed to reliably model habitat suitability for nesting. The study found that these vultures prefer pine trees and steep slopes, consistent with natural populations across Europe. Despite the small founder population, projections indicate ample breeding habitat is available, suggesting habitat limitation is not a current constraint. This research provides a robust framework for modeling habitat suitability in reintroduction efforts and offers conservation strategies that balance ecological needs with socio-economic factors, such as reducing logging and human activities during critical breeding periods.

Modelling the ancient maize agriculture potential of landforms in Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Tikal National Park — 2013 — WHEB643A5ADE6

A predictive model of ancient maize agriculture in Tikal National Park reveals that bajo margins were likely used for sustained farming, while upland Rendolls soils showed long-term C3 vegetation signatures, suggesting diverse food production systems. The study combined non-parametric regression, stable carbon isotopes, soil properties, and remote-sensing data to identify areas with strong C4 isotopic enrichment indicative of maize cultivation. Upland regions lacked clear C4 signals, implying alternative land-use practices such as silviculture or forest gardens. This approach provides a cost-effective method for reconstructing subsistence strategies in ancient polities.

Modelling the potential distribution ofMesalina watsonana(Stoliczka, 1872) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) on the Iranian Plateau

Lut Desert — 2013 — WHEFCAA8D1B40

A model of the potential distribution of Mesalina watsonana, the Persian Long-tailed Desert Lizard, reveals that most of the Iranian Plateau is suitable for the species, except for extreme arid regions like the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts in Iran. Key limiting factors include precipitation constraints—exceeding 250–300 mm in the wettest quarter but less than 40 mm in the coldest—and altitude/slope thresholds (above 2500 m or steeper than 10.5°). The study, based on over 600 distributional records and bioclimatic data, highlights how climatic barriers shape the lizard's range, aligning with broader biogeographic patterns.

Modern Egypt and Thebes

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2013 — WHE3B56045CB3

Sir John Gardner Wilkinson's seminal work, 'Modern Egypt and Thebes,' offers a vivid snapshot of 19th-century Egypt, particularly focusing on the archaeological wonders of Thebes. Published in 1843, this two-volume guide not only provides practical travel advice but also serves as a rich historical document, detailing Wilkinson's extensive studies and sketches of ancient Egyptian sites, including tombs. His work, following Champollion's breakthrough with the Rosetta Stone, captures the cultural and archaeological significance of Thebes during a pivotal period of public interest in Egyptology. The guide remains valuable for its blend of scholarly insight and practical travel recommendations, making it a cornerstone in the study of ancient Egyptian civilization.

Moho depth and crustal composition in Southern Africa

Vredefort Dome — 2013 — WHE9B10400C78

Southern Africa's crust exhibits significant heterogeneity, with distinct blocks characterized by varying thickness and composition that do not always align with surface tectonic features. Using seismic receiver functions from 85 stations, researchers identified ~20 crustal blocks, including the Tokwe block in the Zimbabwe Craton (35–38 km thick, Vp/Vs = 1.74–1.79) and the Tati block (47–51 km thick), which may reflect Archean deformation. The Limpopo Belt shows two blocks with similar thickness but differing Vp/Vs ratios, indicating extensive magmatic intrusions. The Bushveld Intrusion Complex lacks evidence of central magmatic intrusion, suggesting its lobes formed due to a thick crustal root (45–50 km). Central Kaapvaal's thin crust (35–40 km) and sharp Moho transition may imply pre-existing lower crust delamination. Notably, the Vredefort impact crater's exposed cross-section does not represent typical cratonic crust due to shallow Moho (34 km) and high Vp/Vs (~1.80), attributed to shock metamorphism.

Molecular diversity of the Caulerpa racemosa–Caulerpa peltata complex (Caulerpaceae, Bryopsidales) in New Caledonia, with new Australasian records for C. racemosa var. cylindracea

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2013 — WHE001ACDF703

A molecular analysis of the Caulerpa racemosa–Caulerpa peltata complex in New Caledonia revealed five distinct lineages, suggesting hidden species diversity within the group. Globally, the complex comprises six lineages, with two distributed pantropically and four confined to the Indo-Pacific region. Notably, this study reports new Australasian records for Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, a fast-spreading invasive species previously thought limited to southwestern Australia, including its presence in New Caledonia and northern Australian locations, such as the Great Barrier Reef. The research used plastid-encoded tufA gene sequencing to assess genetic diversity, providing critical insights into the biogeography and taxonomic structure of this ecologically significant group.

Monitoring forest regrowth following large scale fire using satellite data-A case study of Yellowstone National Park, USA-

Yellowstone National Park — 2013 — WHE88DF22C921

A study on Yellowstone National Park reveals that satellite data can effectively monitor forest regrowth following large-scale fires, with certain metrics explaining 60 to 70% of variability between ground-collected and satellite-derived data. Despite limited correlation with lodgepole pine density in single years, multiyear trend analysis demonstrated strong predictive power for post-fire stand structure and function. The research utilized near-annual Landsat imagery to compare satellite-based metrics with field observations, providing insights into forest regeneration patterns and succession dynamics.

Monitoring the ungulate prey of the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis : distance sampling or faecal counts?

Komodo National Park — 2013 — WHE7E7AE6E8F6

A study comparing faecal counts and distance sampling found that faecal counts are more effective for monitoring low-density ungulate populations, which are key prey for the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) in Komodo National Park. The research estimated densities of rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) and feral pigs (Sus scrofa), ranging from 2.5 to 165.5 deer/km² and 0.0 to 25.2 pigs/km², respectively, with high variability. Faecal counts provided a practical alternative when densities were too low for accurate distance sampling estimates. The study also revealed nonlinear relationships between faecal and population densities for rusa deer, while feral pig data supported both linear and nonlinear models. Given the importance of ungulate density in Komodo dragon population dynamics, the authors recommend combining both methods for annual monitoring in the park.

Monumental architecture in mountain landscapes: thediy-geδ-baysites of northern Cameroon

Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains — 2013 — WHE44F4948C5E

The Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains, northern Cameroon, features ancient dry-stone terraces and platforms that represent the earliest well-documented human occupation in the region. These sites challenge conventional understandings of monumentality by suggesting they were indigenous responses to severe droughts during the 15th and 16th centuries. However, their significance extends beyond environmental adaptation, as they also reflect complex social dynamics between montagnard communities and emerging state societies in the surrounding plains. Current research highlights the need for further investigation into the variation of these sites within inhabited landscapes and a reevaluation of historical models that often dichotomize mountain and plain environments.

More on the boundaries of the Vilniškiai subdialect of Eastern Aukštaitija

Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) — 2013 — WHEF0C39F76C0

A new analysis of dialectal boundaries in Eastern Aukštaitija reveals inaccuracies in the previously established border between the Vilniškiai and Uteniškiai subdialects. Using data from dialectal expeditions, this study corrects the boundary line, excluding regions like Vilnius, Pabradė, and northeastern areas near Visaginas, while marking Dieveniškės as a mixed zone. The research highlights the need for further investigation into interactions with the Širvintiškiai subdialect and Slavic language variations, acknowledging that these boundaries may shift over time or across generations. The proposed adjustments are preliminary but provide a more precise framework for studying dialect dynamics in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Morphmetric analysis of apis cerana populations in Huangshan, China

Mount Huangshan — 2013 — WHE4407D5D3E3

A morphometric analysis of Apis cerana honeybee populations in Huangshan, China, revealed distinct clusters linked to altitude differences. Researchers measured seven standard morphometric characters from 195 colonies across seven localities, comparing them with samples from Henan, Shandong, and Yunnan provinces. Principal component analysis identified two primary clusters: bees from Jinxian and Jixixian, and those from other regions. Further discriminant and hierarchical cluster analyses showed overlapping sub-clusters within the latter group, with significant differences demonstrated using Wilks’ lambda statistic. The study also noted high intercolonial variance in some regions, suggesting introgression among honeybee populations.

Morphology and Genetics of the Ciscoes (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae: Coregoninae: Coregonus) from the Solovetsky Archipelago (White Sea) as a Key to Determination of the Taxonomic Position of Ciscoes in Northeastern Europe

Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands — 2013 — WHECEF6974DD0

Research on ciscoes (Coregonus) from the Solovetsky Archipelago reveals that these fish are genetically indistinguishable from the vendace (C. albula), despite intermediate morphological traits suggesting a distinct species. The study, conducted between 1995 and 2009, analyzed 344 specimens using morphological characteristics—such as vertebral count—and genetic markers, including creatine kinase alleles and mitochondrial DNA (ND-1 fragment). While the Solovetsky ciscoes exhibited traits bridging C. albula and the least cisco (C. sardinella), molecular data aligned them with the vendace, indicating that environmental adaptation likely drives morphological variation. The findings challenge traditional taxonomic distinctions, suggesting that C. albula and C. sardinella may represent a single species, C. albula.

Morphometric Analyses of Danxia Landforms in Relation to Bedrock Geology: A Case of Mt. Danxia, Guangdong Province, China

China Danxia — 2013 — WHE0E57CE8157

A study of Mt. Danxia, Guangdong Province, China, reveals that the morphometric characteristics of Danxia landforms—marked by red-colored sandstones and steep cliffs—are significantly influenced by lithology and fault systems. Using GIS-based geomorphometric analyses of 42 watersheds, researchers found that hypsometric integrals (HI) reflect lithological differences between eastern and western parts of the area, while stream length gradients and Hack profiles indicate strong fault control over stream direction. This work provides a detailed quantitative assessment of Danxia landforms, offering insights into their erosional evolution and geological controls.

Morphometric analysis of sub-watershed in parts of Western Ghats, South India using ASTER DEM

Western Ghats — 2013 — WHE4487E5A9C4

A morphometric analysis of the Palar sub-watershed, part of the Western Ghats in South India, reveals that the region's drainage characteristics are primarily controlled by slope and local relief, with a dendritic pattern dominating its stream network. The study, utilizing ASTER GDEM data and GIS tools, found a mean bifurcation ratio of 3.69, indicating structural control over stream development. Shape factors highlighted the elongation of the sub-watershed, while the relief ratio suggested high discharge capacity but limited groundwater potential. These findings provide critical insights for soil erosion and conservation planning in this ecologically significant UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mortality of Adult Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) at the Nesting Beaches of Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles

Aldabra Atoll — 2013 — WHE8F6381F4A9

Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) mortality at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, is primarily driven by entrapment and incapacitation on beach rock, with adjusted rates twice as high on the windward south coast compared to other coastal regions. Between 1995 and 2008, researchers documented 158 deaths and 50 cases of trapped or incapacitated turtles, identifying beach rock-related causes in 76% of fatal cases. Annual natural mortality is estimated at 16–30 females per year, accounting for 0.3%–1.0% of the annual nesting population. The study highlights that despite this mortality, Aldabra's green turtle population remains healthy and increasing, with no terrestrial predation. This research underscores the significance of coastal geology in shaping turtle demographics at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mount Athos: Between autonomy and statehood

Mount Athos — 2013 — WHE2E3B4893FB

Mount Athos operates under a unique 'para-sovereign' legal regime, distinct from both full autonomy and statehood. This semi-autonomous status grants it separate legislative, administrative, and judicial powers, with its governing Statute holding precedence over Greek national laws. The site's governance is deeply rooted in monastic traditions, blending religious authority with secular self-rule, yet it lacks formal statehood. While this structure ensures stability, it faces challenges from universal human rights norms that may erode its unique identity. The study analyzes the territorial status, legal position of residents and visitors, and the organization of Athos authorities to highlight its hybrid nature—neither fully independent nor entirely subservient to Greece.

Movements of European bison (Bison bonasus) beyond the Białowieża Forest (NE Poland): range expansion or partial migrations?

Białowieża Forest — 2013 — WHE16E48AEFE3

European bison (Bison bonasus) movements beyond the Białowieża Forest reveal partial seasonal migrations, with males and females exhibiting distinct patterns. While male bison predominantly moved west or southwest, often alone or in small groups, females migrated north, suggesting sex-specific dispersal strategies. The study, analyzing 1,117 observations from 1964 to 2010, found that movements were strongly seasonal, peaking from November to April, and correlated with population size and snow depth. After 1990, males ventured farther (2.2 km) compared to earlier periods (0.9 km), indicating potential range expansion or habitat preference for open areas. This research highlights the dynamic behavior of reintroduced bison populations and their adaptive responses to environmental factors.

Movements, behavior, and habitat utilization of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in waters surrounding the R evillagigedo I slands A rchipelago B iosphere R eserve, M exico

Archipiélago de Revillagigedo — 2013 — WHE7CF43867BE

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) exhibit strong fidelity to the Revillagigedo Islands Archipelago Biosphere Reserve (RIABR), Mexico, with restricted movements and low dispersion. Analysis of 16,578 days of archival tag data from 52 yellowfin tuna revealed distinct behavioral patterns linked to age, including significant differences in diving behaviors and vertical habitat utilization between day and night. The study used an unscented Kalman filter model integrated with sea-surface temperature measurements (UKFsst) to refine geographic positions and movement parameters, showing median errors of 0.46° longitude and 1.84° latitude for directed movements. These findings suggest that the oceanographic conditions surrounding the RIABR profoundly influence tuna behavior and habitat use.