World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 26821 – 26840 of 30315 publications

Susa and Elam. Archaeological, Philological, Historical and Geographical Perspectives

Susa — 2013 — WHE8ED59D2409

Susa, a strategically pivotal city between Mesopotamia and the Iranian highlands, emerged as a critical nexus of ancient Near Eastern civilizations. Its significance lies in its role as a cultural and political bridge, influencing socio-economic and historical developments from prehistoric times to the Persian Empire. A multidisciplinary congress held in 2009 reassessed knowledge gaps in Elamite and Susean studies, integrating archaeological, philological, historical, and geographical perspectives. This approach revealed Susa's enduring impact on regional dynamics, underscoring its importance as a crossroads of civilizations.

Sustainability and Support for the Ecotourism within Etna Park Area

Mount Etna — 2013 — WHE930253689E

A sustainable ecotourism project within the Natural Etna Park is more likely to succeed when local residents are actively involved in its design and community leaders promote environmental education programs. The study, conducted through a 23-item Likert-type attitudinal scale and factor analysis, reveals that without local support, policymakers are less inclined to back such initiatives. This research provides a validated tool to gauge residents' perceptions of ecotourism development, highlighting the critical role of community engagement in fostering sustainability within protected areas.

Synthesis A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000–10

Heard and McDonald Islands — 2013 — WHE8DCFE1DFE2

A comprehensive satellite-based inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and the Southern Oceans from 2000 to 2010 reveals that only two of over twenty historically active volcanoes are monitored on the ground, leaving most reliant on remote sensing. The study, using high-resolution MODIS, ASTER, and similar sensors, identified five volcanoes—Mount Erebus, Mount Belinda, Mount Michael, Heard Island, and McDonald Island—as eruptive during this period, characterized by low-level, effusive activity. Notably, a new active vent was discovered on Mount Michael, and significant vent enlargement was observed on Heard Island. Additionally, five other volcanoes exhibited thermal and fumarolic activity, while a minor eruption at Marion Island went undetected due to its small scale. This research provides critical insights into the region's volcanic morphology and behavior, underscoring the importance of satellite monitoring in remote, inaccessible areas.

Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1,1′‐Binaphthalenes by Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Triorganoindium Reagents (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2013)

Tower of Hercules — 2013 — WHE400354B52D

Researchers have developed a highly versatile and enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral 1,1′-binaphthalenes using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with triorganoindium reagents. This method allows for the transfer of three groups attached to the indium atom, offering significant flexibility in molecular design. The study highlights that the best enantiomeric excesses are achieved using (R,S)-PPFA as a chiral ligand, enabling precise control over the stereochemistry of the products. Conducted against the backdrop of the Tower of Hercules, Spain's oldest lighthouse and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this work advances synthetic organic chemistry by providing a robust approach to generating complex chiral molecules with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and materials science.

Syrian Cultural Property in the Crossfire:

Ancient City of Damascus — 2013 — WHE9CF2ECA674

The destruction of cultural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites and museums, during Syria's civil war has been exacerbated by the lack of engagement from Near Eastern archaeologists and international heritage organizations. While both regime forces and armed rebels have been accused of damage, the power vacuum in rebel-controlled areas has led to increased looting and illicit trafficking. The study highlights that the 1954 Hague Convention and its protocols, though ratified by Syria, are insufficient due to a lack of knowledge and communication among stakeholders. It suggests that proactive measures, such as including cultural experts in military operations and leveraging existing connections between the US military and rebel groups like the Free Syrian Army (FSA), could mitigate further damage. The research emphasizes the need for practical solutions that balance compliance with international agreements while addressing the unique challenges of civil war contexts.

Taj Mahal – the Craving for Outliving the Transience

Taj Mahal — 2013 — WHECC2839DD2E

The Taj Mahal stands as a testament to the pinnacle of Islamic architectural and artistic achievement, embodying formal perfection that transcends time. This study deciphers its symbolic depth through the lenses of Islamic spirituality, metaphysics, and art philosophy, revealing how its aesthetic sublimity reflects inner spiritual essence and metaphysical energy. Unlike other architectural marvels, the Taj Mahal's design encapsulates the 'baraqat' or blessings of Persian and Indian Sufis, suggesting a swan song of Islamic art in India. The research employs hermeneutical interpretation to unravel its polysemy, positioning it as an exceptional masterpiece that challenges transience through beauty alone.

Technical Guidance Note (Level 1, No. 27): Introduction to masonry

Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) — 2013 — WHE8C3C5DB174

Masonry construction, with roots tracing back over 10,000 years, has demonstrated remarkable durability, as exemplified by the Pont du Gard—a Roman aqueduct built entirely from stone masonry that has endured for nearly 2,000 years. Despite its historical prominence, masonry's role in modern structural design has diminished due to the adoption of lighter and faster construction methods like steel and concrete framing. However, it remains integral in low-rise buildings and soil retention structures, while also serving as cladding in contemporary designs. The guidance note addresses key considerations for masonry use, including wind-driven rain effects—particularly relevant in regions like the UK—and load paths, emphasizing its continued relevance despite evolving construction practices.

Techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic power plant for garment zone of Jaipur city

Jaipur City, Rajasthan — 2013 — WHE0469BD4601

A techno-economic analysis reveals that off-site solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants offer significant financial advantages over on-site options for the garment zone in Jaipur, India. The study estimated a 2011 energy demand of 2.21 MW and proposed a 2.5 MW solar PV plant requiring 13.14 acres of land. Off-site plants demonstrated superior performance with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 15.10%, net present value (NPV) of 249.78 million INR, and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of Rs. 11.40 per kWh—markedly better than on-site counterparts. The analysis also highlighted shorter payback periods for off-site plants, underscoring their economic viability in addressing Jaipur's growing energy needs while mitigating land scarcity challenges.

Tel Ḥaẓor – 2012

Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba — 2013 — WHEE4393F02CE

The 2012 excavation at Tel Hazor, part of the 'Selz Foundation Hazor Excavations in Memory of Yigael Yadin,' uncovered significant archaeological insights into one of Israel's most prominent biblical sites. Conducted under the direction of A. Ben-Tor and S. Zuckerman, the season focused on Areas M and A6, involving a multidisciplinary team of 35 participants from diverse backgrounds. The excavation, supported by institutions such as the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Selz Foundation, aimed to deepen understanding of Hazor's stratified layers, particularly its Bronze Age occupation. Key findings included the meticulous documentation of architectural remains, pottery, and other artifacts, contributing to the broader narrative of Hazor's historical significance during biblical times. The research was conducted in collaboration with the Hazor National Park and the Israel Exploration Society, ensuring adherence to conservation standards while advancing scholarly knowledge.

Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization along an Elevation Gradient in the Wuyi Mountains, China

Mount Wuyi — 2013 — WHE8A74DE1719

Subtropical forest soils may release more carbon than expected under warmer conditions, according to a study conducted along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains, China. Researchers found that the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization increased with both elevation and incubation time, suggesting that higher temperatures could accelerate SOC decomposition more than previously anticipated. The study involved incubating surface soils from four distinct ecosystems—evergreen broad-leaf forest, coniferous forest, sub-alpine dwarf forest, and alpine meadow—at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 35°C over a year-long period. Notably, the temperature sensitivity (Q10) for labile carbon did not decrease with increasing incubation intervals, unlike recalcitrant carbon, further emphasizing the potential for greater carbon release in response to climate warming.

Temporal niche switching by grizzly bears but not American black bears in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2013 — WHEF030AE37C3

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) exhibit temporal niche switching, adjusting their activity patterns seasonally to align with available food sources, while American black bears (Ursus americanus) maintain a consistent diurnal foraging behavior. This study, conducted in Yellowstone National Park—where human disturbance is minimal and hunting absent—revealed that grizzly bears shift peak activity from midday (spring, late summer, fall) to evening (late spring, early summer), unlike black bears whose activity remains stable around midday. Black bears do not avoid periods of grizzly bear activity, suggesting their foraging demands for lower-quality foods necessitate longer daytime foraging. The research highlights the adaptability of grizzly bears in response to seasonal food availability, contrasting with the more rigid diurnal pattern of black bears.

Ten Year Study on Water Flushing Times and Water Quality in Southern Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, FL

Everglades National Park — 2013 — WHE3402CDC4F2

A decade-long study reveals that wetland restoration efforts in southern Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, significantly increased water flushing times—ranging from 3 to 78 days—and reduced ion concentrations in coastal areas. The research found that evapotranspiration and water volume were the primary drivers of flushing time variability, with longer durations observed between October and December and shorter ones from March to May. Increased surface water inflow from restoration projects and water management changes correlated with higher flushing times and lower ion levels during the rainy season, suggesting a positive impact on water quality. The study employed monthly water balance equations and nutrient analysis over 2001–2011 to assess these dynamics.

Terahertz analysis of stratified wall plaster at buildings of cultural importance across Europe

Chartres Cathedral — 2013 — WHE1051A67368

Terahertz (THz) radiation emerges as a powerful, non-invasive tool for analyzing sub-surface layers of wall plaster in cultural heritage sites. This study demonstrates its ability to penetrate up to one centimeter into wall surfaces, revealing stratified features such as paint layers and under-paintings without damaging the structure. At Chartres Cathedral, THz analysis confirmed the presence of 13th-century sub-surface paint layers, while at Riga Dome Cathedral, it detected obscured surface paintings applied in 1941. Additionally, the technique identified sinopia under-painting on uneven stonework at the Chapel of the Frescos in France. Unlike radar or infrared/ultraviolet methods, THz radiation uniquely bridges the gap between surface and deep sub-surface analysis, offering high-resolution insights into the layered complexity of historical plasters.

Terminal Classic Circular Architecture in the Sibun Valley, Belize

Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza — 2013 — WHE1ABDBF1B9D

Recent archaeological research in Belize's Sibun Valley has uncovered Terminal Classic circular shrines, dating to the ninth century, which are linked to Chichen Itza through ceramics and radiocarbon analysis. These findings challenge the notion that such architecture was a 'non-Classic' trait, suggesting instead a direct connection between the Gulf lowlands and northern Yucatan. The study proposes two non-mutually exclusive scenarios: local elites may have adopted this style after pilgrimages to Chichen Itza for political ceremonies, or small-scale migration of Chontal-Itza merchants along the Caribbean coast facilitated cultural exchange. By mapping a network of sites along rivers and coasts, the research offers new insights into the trade routes and cultural dynamics of the region during this period.

Territorialidades caiçaras do tempo de antigamente ao tempo de hoje em dia em Paraty, RJ (Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra e Martim de Sá)

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2013 — WHEE6B3C944F0

This study reveals significant transformations in the territorial practices of the Caiçara communities in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, due to increased contact with modern urban rationality. The research highlights how the implementation of the Rio-Santos Highway, a pivotal event, altered the spatial dynamics and resource use patterns of these traditional populations in Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra, and Martim de Sá. By analyzing distinct local interests and social dynamics, the study proposes initiatives that address current Caiçara demands while preserving their unique territorial identities. The findings underscore the tension between modern development and traditional ways of life in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande.

Thai-Cambodian Conflict: The Failure of ASEAN’s Dispute Settlement Mechanisms

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2013 — WHE8D7D70E374

ASEAN's dispute settlement mechanisms failed to resolve the Thai-Cambodian conflict over Preah Vihear Temple, exposing regional weaknesses in managing territorial disputes. The 2008 crisis was politicized by Thai opposition groups, who accused the government of prioritizing private interests over national sovereignty. This led Thailand to reject ASEAN mediation, highlighting distrust in regional institutions and ASEAN's inability to balance its role as a key political player with member states' self-interests. The study reveals how nationalism and sovereignty concerns can undermine regional cooperation, leaving ASEAN struggling to maintain progress on regionalization while navigating complex territorial disputes.

The ‘Ephesian’ Terracotta Oil Lamps from the Agora of Nea Paphos

Paphos — 2013 — WHE59EF4C66D7

Archaeological evidence from the Paphos Agora Project suggests that Nea Paphos may have been a production site for 'Ephesian' terracotta oil lamps, a distinctive Hellenistic artifact widespread across the Mediterranean. These mould-made lamps, characterized by their unique form, clay composition, and ornamentation, date to the last two centuries BC and possibly the 1st century AD. The study examines specific findings that imply local manufacturing, contributing new insights into the economic and cultural significance of Nea Paphos during this period.

The 1665 MHz OH Maser Line toward a Young Protostellar Object

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2013 — WHED7FB525CB5

Researchers using the MERLIN interferometer at Jodrell Bank Observatory detected 13 OH maser spots near a young protostellar object, IRAS 05137+3919. These masers, characterized by their circular polarization (one left-handed and twelve right-handed), trace the central material of this massive star-forming region with high precision. The study identified key parameters such as velocities, peak intensities, and positions of these maser spots, revealing insights into the dynamics of young stellar objects. MERLIN's 217 km diameter array provided an angular resolution of 0.2 arcseconds at 1665 MHz, enabling detailed spatial distribution analysis. The findings contribute to understanding the formation and evolution of massive stars.

The aerial invertebrate fauna of subantarctic Macquarie Island

Macquarie Island — 2013 — WHE20DBE36A44

A comprehensive study of Macquarie Island reveals that passive aerial dispersal is significantly more prevalent among its invertebrate fauna than previously understood. Over 3000 invertebrates from seven insect orders and other arthropods were collected using wind-traps between 1991 and 1994, with over half of the catch consisting of flightless species. This indicates widespread short-distance dispersal across the island, challenging earlier assumptions about movement patterns. While long-distance dispersal events were rare, the study suggests that aerial pathways could occasionally facilitate the arrival of exotic species, though other explanations for their presence are equally plausible.

The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru

Manú National Park — 2013 — WHEF1811CE917

Manu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and biodiversity hotspot covering just 0.01% of Earth's land surface, harbors remarkable amphibian and reptile diversity. The park and its buffer zone host 155 amphibian species (2.2% of global diversity) and 132 reptile species (1.5%), including five critically or endangered species. Notably, it preserves populations of the critically endangered Atelopus erythropus, along with other threatened species like Bryophryne cophites and Chelonoidis denticulata. This study compiles a comprehensive inventory of herpetofauna in this critical Amazonian region, highlighting its ecological significance for conservation efforts.