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Larzac : du refus local de l’extension du camp militaire au soutien à la « cause du causse » (1971-1981)

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2012 — WHE670B66CFCA

A decade-long resistance campaign (1971–1981) by Larzac farmers against the expansion of a military camp successfully mobilized diverse local and national support, culminating in political victory. This case study reveals how grassroots opposition to land development, combined with regional identity movements, can drive large-scale social and environmental outcomes. The research employs qualitative historical analysis, including archival records and oral testimonies, to trace the evolution of protest tactics, alliances, and media influence that sustained public engagement.

Las pinturas de la Sala de los Reyes de la Alhambra de Granada: un proyecto, un método, una intervención

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada — 2012 — WHE83CCBF447D

A comprehensive project to preserve and restore the leather paintings on the vaults of the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra, Granada, was developed through a structured, multi-phase approach. The initiative, led by the Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife with support from the Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, prioritizes urgent conservation actions for both the paintings and their wooden supports while addressing the structural needs of the heritage site. The methodology outlined in this study emphasizes an integrated strategy that balances technical intervention with long-term preservation, ensuring the stability of the artwork within its architectural context. This phase-based framework aims to mitigate risks to the paintings while maintaining the integrity of the historic structure.

Laser cleaning of graffiti from building Stone using high power diode laser

Historic Centre of Morelia — 2012 — WHECF047856D4

Research demonstrates that high-power diode lasers can effectively remove graffiti from the historic stone of Morelia's UNESCO World Heritage Centre without causing damage. The study found that continuous wave laser treatment outperformed modulated wave regimes, with a two-pass process showing significant improvement over single-pass methods. This approach offers a non-damaging alternative to conventional graffiti removal techniques, preserving the aesthetic integrity of the Pink Morelia Quarry stone used in the city's architecture.

Late Holocene Hunter-Gatherers at L'Anse aux Meadows and the Dynamics of Bird and Mammal Hunting in Newfoundland

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site — 2012 — WHE1E3D4A9B54

Archaeological evidence from L’Anse aux Meadows suggests that Late Holocene hunter-gatherers prioritized bird hunting over mammal hunting, contrary to the dominance of tools typically associated with caribou or seal exploitation. Analysis of over 40 years of excavation data reveals a lithic assemblage dominated by large bifaces and scrapers, yet the majority of faunal remains are bird bones. This pattern aligns with historical records of Beothuk subsistence, indicating that while mammal hunting tools were prepared, birds were the primary target during warm weather. The study proposes a seasonal dynamic where bird harvesting occurred in warmer months, while mammal exploitation was planned for colder periods, offering new insights into the subsistence strategies of northern hunter-gatherers.

Le Dolomiti del futuro nello sguardo dei ragazzi

The Dolomites — 2012 — WHE6E318B942B

A unique perspective on the future of the Dolomites emerges from the reflections of Italian children aged 5 to 18, who participated in a competition to envision the sustainable management and values of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study reveals that young participants, through their personal experiences, engaged deeply with issues such as resource management, economic interests, and cultural significance, offering fresh insights into how future generations perceive and interact with protected landscapes. This research highlights the potential for youth involvement in shaping conservation strategies and underscores the importance of integrating generational perspectives into scientific discussions on heritage management.

Le féminin dans les paysages pré-chrétiens irlandais

Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne — 2012 — WHE56A9B37B35

Research reveals a consistent feminine symbolism in Ireland's pre-Christian landscapes, spanning from the Neolithic era to Celtic times. This study demonstrates that both the builders of passage tombs and later Celtic populations perceived the land as feminine, embedding this concept into their cultural and ritual practices. The analysis shows that Neolithic societies feminized landscapes through deliberate modifications or site creation, such as at Brú na Bóinne, while the Celts maintained this tradition by weaving it into myths featuring divine or mythologized female figures. By integrating archaeo-mythological data, the research uncovers a continuity in spatial and symbolic representations, suggesting that Celtic culture assimilated indigenous heritage, creating a unique insular identity deeply rooted in Ireland's terrain.

Le portail d'Acre transporté au Caire : sources et diffusion des modèles rayonnants en Terre Sainte au milieu du XIIIe siècle

Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din — 2012 — WHE5C04093D94

A 13th-century rayonnant-style marble portal, originally from Acre, was transported to Cairo and incorporated into the mausoleum and madrasa of Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (completed in 1403/1404). This architectural artifact, looted by a victorious emir after the fall of Acre in 1291, symbolized dynastic legitimacy and was later repurposed as a trophy. Analysis reveals its design aligns with Parisian structures from around 1240–1250, suggesting it may have been created during King Louis IX's stay in the Holy Land (1248–1254). The study supports this by comparing it to two other nearby ensembles—Nicosia Cathedral’s former north portal and the forecourt of the Crac des Chevaliers—which also reflect Parisian influences, likely disseminated through Louis IX's influence.

Learning from the Past and Planning for the Future: Conditions and Proposals for Stone Conservation of the Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great in the World Heritage Site of Pasargadae

Pasargadae — 2012 — WHEBFF108C1CA

A comprehensive maintenance and conservation plan for the Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great, a 6th-century BC limestone structure and the only intact monument from the Achaemenid period at Pasargadae, Iran, is proposed to ensure its sustainable preservation. The study identifies key risks and damaging factors affecting the mausoleum's stonework, reviews past conservation efforts, and recommends a cyclic inspection and intervention scheme tailored to the monument's specific weathering conditions. This approach aims to mitigate deterioration while respecting the historical significance of the site, offering a model for managing other World Heritage properties.

Legacy of a chief: Chief Roi Mata's Domain, Vanuatu

Chief Roi Mata’s Domain — 2012 — WHE0DF64993DA

Chief Roi Mata's Domain in Vanuatu stands as a testament to the Pacific Islands' rich cultural and biological diversity, reflecting their deep-rooted indigenous heritage. This region, often referred to as the 'aquatic continent,' hosts 10 million people who speak one-fifth of the world's languages, with over 90% of its population being indigenous. Notably, it boasts the highest rate of indigenous peoples within national populations globally and maintains a significant portion of land under customary ownership or traditional tenure systems. The study highlights the intensified efforts by Pacific States Parties to the World Heritage Convention, culminating in an increased number of World Heritage sites through regional consultations and workshops, such as those led by UNESCO and the Pacific 2009 Programme.

Leisure and the Net Opportunity Cost of Travel Time in Recreation Demand Analysis: An Application to Gros Morne National Park

Gros Morne National Park — 2012 — WHEF4FF1A9B26

Research reveals that visitors to Gros Morne National Park, a remote UNESCO World Heritage Site, value recreational access with a lower opportunity cost of travel time relative to their wage rate compared to previous studies. This finding challenges conventional assumptions by endogenously estimating the fraction of hourly earnings that best represents this cost, rather than imposing it exogenously. The study employs advanced count data models accounting for zero-truncation and overdispersion, providing a nuanced understanding of consumer surplus in park visitation. By linking visitor characteristics to opportunity costs, the research offers new insights into recreational demand analysis, particularly for remote sites.

Les aménagements et structures anthropiques de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc. Apport d'une approche intégrative géomorpho-archéologique

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2012 — WHE3355CF4284

A groundbreaking study of the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave reveals that its subterranean landscape contains numerous intentional human modifications, challenging previous assumptions about prehistoric cave use. Researchers identified structured elements like basins, steps, and alignments of blocks as anthropogenic through an integrative approach combining geomorphology and archaeology. This method distinguished natural formations from those shaped by human activity, offering new insights into the cognitive and social dimensions of Upper Paleolithic behavior. The findings suggest that prehistoric humans not only created parietal art but also actively engineered their cave environments, reshaping our understanding of their interaction with these spaces.

Les capitales impériales en Occident dans l’Antiquité tardive : éléments de définition et étude de cas

Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments — 2012 — WHEEACDF71234

Arles emerged as a significant imperial capital during late antiquity, alongside Trier, Vienna, Milan, Ravenna, and Aquileia, following Rome's declining political prominence from the third century A.D. This study defines an imperial capital by two key traits: lasting imperial presence and palaces that combined administrative functions with prestige structures. While reviewing known palaces in Trier, Arles, Milan, Ravenna, and Aquileia, it delves deeper into Vienna's potential status as an imperial residence. The research evaluates whether these criteria effectively distinguish late Roman capitals, providing a nuanced understanding of political power distribution in the Western Empire.

Les représentations de la « petite école rurale » des familles venues s’installer en Cévennes, et sa place dans leur rapport au territoire

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2012 — WHE598864B752

Families relocating to remote rural areas in the Cévennes region of France highly value small rural schools as a means to foster their children's development, connection with nature, and social bonds within the community. While school was not the primary motivation for moving, parents—mostly urban migrants—prioritize an educational environment that emphasizes outdoor learning, village integration, and strong teacher-student relationships. This perspective often aligns with teachers who share similar values, creating a cohesive social dynamic around these schools. However, conflicts arise when traditional pedagogical approaches clash with the more progressive vision of education sought by families. The study highlights the role of small rural schools in shaping territorial identity and belonging for new residents.

Les spéléothèmes de la grotte Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc : apports chronologiques et paléoclimatiques. Synthèse des travaux publiés

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2012 — WHE8DDA21E38B

A detailed chronology and paleoclimatic reconstruction of the Chauvet Cave (Ardèche, France) was established through uranium-thorium dating and isotopic analysis of 15 speleothems. The study identified three main phases of speleothem growth: 124.2-99.8 ka (MIS 5), 32.8-22.3 ka (covering MIS 3 and 2), and 15.2-0 ka (Lateglacial to Holocene). A significant growth hiatus during the Last Glacial Maximum (22.1 ± 0.4 to 15.3 ± 0.25 ka) was precisely dated, along with a cave collapse in Salle Hillaire after 7.7 ± 1.6 ka. The first calcite layers on archaeological soil were dated to ~27.8 ± 1.9 ka, confirming earlier radiocarbon dates. Additionally, the cave entrance was found to have closed before 13.1 ± 0.1 ka, aligning with previous estimates of ~22 ka. Over 600 isotopic analyses (δ18O and δ13C) revealed paleoclimatic changes since 15.3 ka, showing similarities and differences with Greenland ice core records and providing precise ages for climatic events during the Bølling-Allerød and Younger-Dryas periods.

Lienzos del Salón de Abd al-Rahman III Madinat al-Zahra (Córdoba) y Dolmen de Menga en Antequera (Málaga), experiencias sobre digitalización 3D y divulgación de la documentación gráfica obtenida.

Antequera Dolmens Site — 2012 — WHEA41B150959

This study demonstrates the significant advantages of combining 3D digitalization with traditional graphic documentation techniques for archaeological research. The research highlights how photorealistic models derived from these methods can provide reliable, detailed representations of historical sites, facilitating both scientific analysis and public dissemination. Two case studies are presented: the wall faces of Abd al-Rahman III's Madinat al-Zahra in Córdoba and the Dolmen of Menga in Antequera, Spain. The approach involves advanced 3D digitalization techniques that enhance the documentation process, offering new possibilities for preserving and studying these UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The findings underscore the potential of these methods to support future interventions and deepen our understanding of archaeological heritage.

Linking physical monitoring to coho and Chinook salmon populations in the Redwood Creek Watershed, California—Summary of May 3–4, 2012 Workshop

Redwood National and State Parks — 2012 — WHE6BEFF3E8B0

A workshop held on May 3–4, 2012, at Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) aimed to synthesize physical and biological data to better understand constraints on coho and Chinook salmon populations in the Redwood Creek watershed. Researchers and managers shared insights on freshwater and estuarine phases of salmon life cycles, highlighting the need for integrated monitoring approaches. Hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Status and Trends Program, the event was part of a broader project funded by the National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring program to analyze salmon-related datasets across multiple park units in California. The workshop emphasized the importance of vital signs monitoring—key ecological indicators—to assess park health and inform resource management strategies.

Lipid biomarkers record fundamental changes in the microbial community structure of tropical seas during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation

Anticosti — 2012 — WHE44A64CF7E5

A significant discovery from the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation reveals that enhanced methane cycling played a crucial role in climate feedback during warm intervals. This was evidenced by high abundances of 3β-methylhopanes, sourced from aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, which were found to correlate positively with paleotemperature proxies across multiple tropical marine basins. The study analyzed lipid biomarkers in thermally preserved strata from Anticosti Island (Canada), the Cincinnati Arch (USA), and Nevada (USA). Despite oceanographic differences, these localities showed similar biomarker profiles, particularly in hopane/sterane ratios, indicating shifts in bacterial versus algal primary production. The findings suggest that methane cycling could have been a key positive feedback mechanism on climate during extended warm periods of early Paleozoic time.

Lithospheric‐folding‐based understanding on the origin of the back‐arc basaltic magmatism beneath Jeju volcanic island

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2012 — WHE4732E7B67E

A novel hypothesis proposes that basaltic magmatism beneath Jeju Volcanic Island arises from lithospheric folding near collisional plate boundaries, challenging the conventional view requiring extended lithosphere. This process involves pressure reduction beneath fold ridges, facilitating magma generation without extension. The study investigates subsurface structures around Jeju and its vicinity to support this alternative mechanism, offering a new framework for understanding back-arc magmatism.

Live From Moscow

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2012 — WHE8BAA63B1AC

The live broadcast of Yuri Gagarin's celebration on Red Square in Moscow, aired across Europe on April 14, 1961, exemplified the transnational cooperation between Eastern and Western television networks during the Cold War. This historic transmission was enabled by the integration of Intervision (Eastern Bloc) and Eurovision (Western Europe), facilitated through collaboration between the OIRT and EBU. The study reveals that early European television was a dynamic interplay of national and transnational forces, with technical infrastructure—such as shared broadcast networks—and organizational structures playing pivotal roles in bridging ideological divides. By analyzing archival records from 1957 to 1961, the research demonstrates how legal frameworks, technological advancements, and diplomatic initiatives converged to create a unified broadcasting system, challenging the narrative of isolated Cold War media ecosystems.

Livelihoods, Conservation and Community-based Tourism in Tanzania: Potential and Performance

Selous Game Reserve — 2012 — WHE2CB3851C52

Tanzania's tourism industry, driven by its unparalleled natural and biological assets such as the Serengeti ecosystem, Selous Game Reserve, Mount Kilimanjaro, and pristine Indian Ocean coastline, has grown exponentially since economic liberalization in 1986. This growth, contributing significantly to the country's GDP, also underpins biodiversity conservation efforts through a protected area network covering over 25% of Tanzania's land. For instance, the Serengeti National Park generates around US$8.5 million annually from visitor revenues, funding both its management and other parks nationwide. The study examines the potential and performance of community-based tourism in balancing livelihoods, conservation, and economic growth, highlighting its role in sustainable development.