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Publications

Showing 29861 – 29880 of 30315 publications

Marine Resource Management in the Hawaiian Archipelago: The Traditional Hawaiian System in Relation to the Western Approach

Papahānaumokuākea — 2010 — WHE043B09BCFB

A comparison of traditional Hawaiian and Western marine resource management systems in the Hawaiian Archipelago reveals significant differences in practices, knowledge bases, and enforcement. The traditional 'ahupua'a' system, rooted in sustainability and adaptive management, integrated watershed to nearshore ecosystems with sophisticated social controls. In contrast, the Western approach, dominant over the past two centuries, diverges in focus, legal authority, and stewardship. However, recent efforts, such as the management plan for Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a vast protected area—are blending traditional Native Hawaiian values with modern conservation practices, illustrating a shift toward integrating indigenous knowledge into contemporary resource protection strategies.

Marketing cultural and heritage tourism: the Marshall Islands

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2010 — WHE3C6F5AB5CF

The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) holds significant untapped potential for cultural and heritage tourism, despite its current low visitor numbers. While tourism is primarily driven by diving and sport-fishing, traditional practices like outrigger canoe construction and ancient Micronesian navigation techniques could serve as key attractions. However, effective marketing strategies are lacking, with limited integration among atolls, the Marshall Islands Visitor Authority, and the central government hindering broader appeal. This study highlights the need for niche market development to leverage RMI's rich cultural heritage, offering a framework applicable to other Pacific island destinations.

Marketing Tourism In The Galapagos Islands: Ecotourism Or Greenwashing?

Galápagos Islands — 2010 — WHE8DECCCCB87

The Galápagos Islands, despite their designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Danger due to tourism pressures, face significant challenges from greenwashing in the ecotourism sector. A study analyzed the marketing claims of 12 ecotourism operators against the Mohonk Agreement criteria for responsible ecotourism, revealing that nearly all (92%) engaged in greenwashing—promoting environmentally friendly practices while failing to meet conservation or community welfare standards. This misrepresentation exacerbates ecological threats, including invasive species introduction and habitat degradation, undermining genuine conservation efforts. The findings highlight the urgent need for standardized certification and stricter oversight to ensure ecotourism aligns with its ethical and environmental goals.

Marshland vegetation of Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia)

Plitvice Lakes National Park — 2010 — WHE87146A9A5A

A study of Plitvice Lakes National Park's marshland vegetation identified 13 distinct plant communities, including three previously unrecorded in Croatia. Using the Braun-Blanquet methodology and numerical classification, researchers confirmed that traditional community classifications align well with observed clusters. The research also revealed ecological characteristics through Ellenberg indicator values and plant life form analysis, highlighting specific features at the vegetation alliance level. Notably, the Phragmitetum australis association, which supports Ligularia sibirica—a rare European species—was found to be widespread. While the study contributes positively to biodiversity, it also notes negative impacts linked to lake eutrophication, posing conservation challenges.

Mating System, Resource Defence and Sex Change in the Anemonefish Amphiprion akallopisos

Aldabra Atoll — 2010 — WHE8F2CF8B748

Aldabra Atoll's Amphiprion akallopisos anemonefish exhibits a unique mating system characterized by monogamy, even within large groups of up to nine adults. This species, inhabiting colonial Radianthus ritteri anemones, maintains a size-dependent aggressive hierarchy where the breeding male monopolizes mating with the female, who is a former male that has changed sex. Unlike its Red Sea counterpart, Amphiprion bicinctus, which occupies solitary-living anemones, A. akallopisos demonstrates complex social dynamics including resource defense and potential helper behavior among non-breeding males. The study compares these behaviors with Emlen and Oring's theories on mating systems, suggesting that non-breeding males may enhance their reproductive success by waiting for breeding positions.

Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the middle of Central East China during Mount Tai Experiment 2006 (MTX2006): observation of regional background and impact of biomass burning

Mount Taishan — 2010 — WHE7F2327B85C

Research at Mount Taishan during the Mount Tai Experiment 2006 (MTX2006) revealed significant differences between daytime and nighttime volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios, highlighting the site's unique ability to measure both regional polluted air and free troposphere background air quality. The study found relatively low VOC levels compared to more polluted sites in China but noted higher acetylene and benzene concentrations than expected for a remote location. Extensive biomass burning emissions, particularly from agricultural residue burning, were identified during the first half of the campaign using fire spot data and backward trajectory analysis. This research provides insights into regional air quality dynamics and the impact of biomass burning on atmospheric chemistry in Central East China.

Measuring distinction in the megalithic architecture of the Carnac region: from sign to material

Megaliths of Carnac and of the shores of Morbihan — 2010 — WHE8BDCC0D78B

A distinct societal hierarchy emerged in the Carnac region of southern Brittany around 4900 BC, marked by monumental megalithic architecture and funerary mounds—unique to Europe at the time. These structures, associated with rare exotic materials and engraved symbols, reflected an extraordinary accumulation of concepts among hunter-gatherer-fisher communities, signaling a shift from egalitarian norms to extreme inequality. The study examines this phenomenon through the lens of 'distinction,' analyzing how material culture and symbolic representations differentiated this elite society from its contemporaries and successors. By bridging symbolism and materiality, the research captures the nuanced expressions of power and identity in Neolithic Brittany.

Measuring time, sacred space, and social place in the Inca Empire

Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture — 2010 — WHE72F006F9DB

Research reveals that the Inca Empire's rapid emergence in the 15th century AD was shaped by the collapse of earlier Andean states, particularly Wari and Tiwanaku, which had flourished between AD 500–1000. This political upheaval created a context where smaller polities, including the Quechua-speaking Inca, thrived. The study suggests that Moche culture, which dominated statecraft from the first millennium BCE to the middle of the first millennium AD, likely influenced subsequent cultures like Wari and Chimu, with indirect effects on Tiwanaku. By analyzing archaeological evidence and historical records, this research reconstructs the social and political dynamics that enabled the Inca's rise as a dominant force in Andean history.

Mega-events and socio-spatial dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, 1919-2016

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2010 — WHEE8F8E34281

Research reveals that mega-events in Rio de Janeiro, such as the Pan American Games and World Cup, have shifted from promoting social inclusion to serving neo-liberal agendas under accelerated globalization. These events impose a 'shock doctrine,' installing temporary regimes of extra-legal governance that permanently alter socio-spatial dynamics in the city. The study analyzes infrastructure investments—totaling billions—from 1919 to 2016, tracing how discourses of urban development and spatial discipline have materially transformed Rio's landscape while reflecting broader capitalist exigencies.

Meltwater flux and runoff modeling in the ablation area of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland

Ilulissat Icefjord — 2010 — WHE84C638BE3E

Surface runoff from the Jakobshavn Glacier contributes only about 7% of the total freshwater flux to Ilulissat Icefjord, with an average annual volume of approximately 3.4 km³. This finding emerges from a study that modeled meltwater flux and runoff in the glacier's ablation area using high-resolution meteorological data and the SnowModel system. The research, spanning 2000/01 to 2006/07, validated its simulations against winter snow depth observations and MODIS-derived summer melt data. While both runoff and ice discharge showed increasing trends during this period, the overall freshwater flux remained relatively stable. This study highlights the minor but significant role of surface runoff in the broader context of glacial freshwater input to Ilulissat Icefjord.

Microalgal biomass in the St Lucia Estuary during the 2004 to 2007 drought period

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2010 — WHE37CD466EA7

Extreme microalgal biomass levels, among the highest recorded globally, were observed in the St Lucia Estuary during South Africa's 2004-2007 drought. Water-column chlorophyll a concentrations averaged 32.3 ± 53.4 mg m⁻³, with peaks reaching 413 mg m⁻³, while sediment concentrations averaged 201 ± 377 mg m⁻², peaking at 2576 mg m⁻²—far surpassing values reported for other estuaries. Spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton and microphytobenthos biomass was linked to water levels, mouth state, and nutrient availability (N:P ratios). Hypersaline conditions during the closed phase, with temperatures nearing 50°C, likely suppressed grazers, contributing to microalgal dominance. The study highlights the iSimangaliso Wetlands Park's ecological sensitivity to drought and hydrological changes.

Microbial Biosignatures in Iron-Mineralized Phototrophic Mats at Chocolate Pots Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, United States

Yellowstone National Park — 2010 — WHE7D28F3A39D

Research at Yellowstone National Park's Chocolate Pots hot springs reveals that iron permineralization can produce exceptionally well-preserved microfossils, challenging the long-held assumption that silica is required for high-fidelity fossil preservation. The study documents how phototrophic iron-oxidizing microbial communities form distinct biosignatures, including dendritic-like biofabrics and identifiable microfossils, preserved by 2-line ferrihydrite. By integrating microscopy, X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, the authors link microbial physiology to biosignature formation, offering a new framework for interpreting ancient iron deposits. This work provides critical insights into the paleobiology of Precambrian iron formations, bridging modern microbial processes with deep-time geological records.

Microbial Community Analysis of Fresh and Old Microbial Biofilms on Bayon Temple Sandstone of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Angkor — 2010 — WHEE8DF3C2A09

A comparative analysis of microbial biofilms on the sandstone surfaces of Angkor Thom's Bayon Temple reveals distinct differences between fresh and old biofilms. While bacterial communities remain consistent, eukaryotic diversity varies significantly, offering insights into biodeterioration processes in tropical regions. The study employed 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to identify 11 bacterial, 11 eukaryotic, and two archaeal divisions, including Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Fungi. These findings highlight the complex relationship between microbial succession and sandstone degradation, providing a foundation for understanding biodeterioration mechanisms in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Angkor.

Microchemical investigation of small-scale pseudotachylitic breccias from the Archean gneiss of the Vredefort Dome, South Africa

Vredefort Dome — 2010 — WHE11B288E976

A microchemical investigation of pseudotachylitic breccias from the Vredefort Dome, South Africa, reveals that these melt breccias likely formed through a combination of shock compression and decompression melting rather than solely through shearing or intrusion. The study analyzed small- to meso-scale breccias in polished granite slabs, providing detailed geometric and microchemical data previously lacking in research on this 2.02-billion-year-old impact structure. By integrating microdeformation studies with chemical analysis, the researchers aimed to resolve longstanding debates about the genesis of these breccias, offering new insights into the complex processes involved in impact-induced melting.

Mineralogical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Products Resulting from the Weathering Process on the Tomb of Nakht-Djehuty (TT189), Western Thebes, Upper Egypt

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2010 — WHEC831D3C19B

A study of the tomb of Nakht-Djehuty (TT189) in Western Thebes, Egypt, reveals that salt weathering—driven by the region's geological and environmental conditions—has led to significant damage, including flakes, salt efflorescence, biofilms, and hard crusts. The primary salts identified are sodium chloride (halite, NaCl) and sulfates (gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected calcium oxalate, likely from the biodegradation of organic binders or coatings used in ancient restorations. This research sheds light on the complex chemical processes affecting Egypt's heritage sites, with implications for their preservation.

Mining Heritage and Tourism

Historic Town of Ouro Preto — 2010 — WHE8603B49110

Mining heritage sites, once abandoned or decommissioned, can be successfully transformed into major tourist attractions, offering economic and cultural benefits to local communities. The study examines global case studies, including the Historic Town of Ouro Preto in Brazil, to analyze how mining museums and heritage attractions are developed, branded, and sustained. It explores conceptual and practical challenges, such as interpreting environmental impacts, balancing tourism with operational mines, and addressing societal dissent. Key insights include the importance of storytelling, geotourism integration, and adaptive planning for open-pit mines. The research highlights both successes—like Sovereign Hill in Australia—and ongoing challenges, providing actionable lessons for heritage conservation and tourism development worldwide.

Missing Piece

Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin in the Judean Lowlands as a Microcosm of the Land of the Caves — 2010 — WHEA94943847A

The Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin in the Judean Lowlands serve as a microcosm for understanding the broader significance of cave systems in ancient human societies. This study highlights how these caves, through their artifacts—such as pottery, glass bottles, jewelry, and grave items—reveal intricate details about daily life, cultural practices, and historical events spanning millennia. The research employs archaeological excavation, restoration, and documentation techniques to reconstruct the past, emphasizing the emotional connection archaeologists have with their work. Notably, traces of Roman-era makeup in glass bottles and Crusader-era spearheads provide tangible evidence of past civilizations. The study underscores the ongoing human narrative embedded in these sites, offering meaningful insights that bridge history and the present.

Mixed carbonates and siliciclastics in the Quaternary of southern Belize: Pleistocene turning points in reef development controlled by sea-level change

Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System — 2010 — WHED998B605D7

A study of the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System reveals that significant reef growth in mixed carbonate-siliciclastic systems began during the exceptionally long and warm marine isotope stage 11, around 400,000 years ago, coinciding with high-amplitude sea-level changes. This finding aligns with patterns observed in other major barrier reefs like those in Florida, Great Barrier Reef, and New Caledonia. The research used lithostratigraphy, strontium isotopes, and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy to constrain stratigraphic ages due to diagenetic alteration limiting uranium-series dating. It found that the Belize shelf was subaerially exposed during much of the mid-Pleistocene, dominated by siliciclastic sedimentation, but transitioned back to carbonate dominance and continuous reef development during late Pleistocene highstands.

Modeling Cultures: 19th Century Indian Clay Figures

Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens — 2010 — WHECE7AE817B4

A hidden history of 19th-century Indian clay figures, known as 'Poonah' figures, has been uncovered through a research project examining collections from the Royal Exhibition Building (REB) and Carlton Gardens. The study reveals that these figures were part of the 1880 Melbourne International Exhibition and provides new insights into the cultural significance and provenance of this collection. The research relied on rudimentary documentation, highlighting the challenges in preserving and understanding such historical artifacts. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the REB's role as a custodian of global exhibition legacies.

Modes of religiosity at Çatalhöyük

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2010 — WHE9A46D49752

Research at Çatalhöyük reveals that the emotional intensity of rituals is inversely proportional to their frequency, suggesting two distinct modes of religiosity: high-arousal, low-frequency rituals (e.g., rites of passage) and low-arousal, high-frequency rituals (e.g., daily blessings). This finding challenges conventional assumptions about ritual dynamics in prehistoric societies. By analyzing fragmentary evidence from Çatalhöyük, the study reconstructs how religious knowledge was constituted, transmitted, and transformed over time, while also exploring the social and political implications of ritual performance. The approach combines cross-cultural anthropological insights with specific data from Çatalhöyük to assess the plausibility of different interpretations.