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Urinary Excretion of Radionuclides from Marshallese Exposed to Fallout from the 1954 Bravo Nuclear Test

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2010 — WHE1431806EF3

A groundbreaking analysis of urine samples from Marshallese exposed to radioactive fallout from the 1954 Bravo nuclear test at Bikini Atoll reveals critical data on radionuclide excretion, particularly (131)I, providing the first known measurements following a nuclear test. The study, based on previously unpublished agency records and laboratory reports, compares estimates of (131)I intake from 1954 to 2008, offering new insights into internal radiation doses for Marshallese populations. By examining samples collected by multiple agencies—including the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and the Atomic Energy Commission—the research reconstructs historical exposure patterns, underscoring its significance for both past dose assessments and ongoing health risk projections.

Use of an Action‐Selection Framework for Human‐Carnivore Conflict in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

The Sundarbans — 2010 — WHEE3C6AD55AA

A structured framework for mitigating human-carnivore conflict, particularly in the Bangladesh Sundarbans, has been developed and applied to human-tiger interactions. The approach identifies and ranks potential actions based on their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, prioritizing tiger-response teams and monitoring of problem tigers as the most impactful strategies. This framework builds on local knowledge, previous management efforts, and research insights, offering a scalable solution for addressing similar conflicts globally. By combining deterrents, education, direct management, and response mechanisms, it aims to reduce retaliatory killings and protect endangered carnivores while balancing economic considerations.

Use of GIS for Determining Landscape Characteristics Using Asuka Mura as a Case Example

Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara — 2010 — WHE2D1E7AE887

A novel application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology successfully mapped the landscape characteristics of Asuka Mura, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its microtopography. The study identified key ridge lines and visibility ranges from main roads, classifying the area into distinct landscape units. By integrating three-dimensional analysis with land use data, researchers confirmed how superimposition affects visual perception across the site. This method offers a robust framework for landscape planning in heritage contexts, providing fundamental spatial insights that could be replicated in other culturally significant landscapes.

Use of regression‐based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA

Yosemite National Park — 2010 — WHE534A89DBC9

Aquatic ecosystems in Yosemite National Park are highly sensitive to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), with exposed bedrock, sparse soil, and rapid hydrologic flushing exacerbating nutrient enrichment and episodic acidification. Researchers developed regression-based models that explain 84% and 70% of the variance in surface-water nitrate and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), respectively. Key findings include higher nitrate concentrations in small, high-elevation cirques, which decline downstream, and relatively high ANC in areas underlain by metamorphic rocks along the Sierran Crest. The models, applied to 1407 stream reaches, provide predictive maps of surface-water chemistry, guiding water-quality programs to monitor and protect natural resources in national parks.

Using Cost‐Effective Targeting to Enhance the Efficiency of Conservation Investments in Payments for Ecosystem Services

Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains — 2010 — WHEE8E25DF150

Cost-effective targeting in conservation payments significantly boosts environmental benefits, with discriminative payment schemes—where payments vary based on landholders' opportunity costs—proving substantially more efficient than flat-rate systems. A study analyzing China's Grain-to-Green program in Wolong Nature Reserve found that optimal and suboptimal targeting strategies yielded far greater ecological outcomes than random land selection. This suggests that tailored conservation investments can enhance the effectiveness of payments for ecosystem services programs, offering a scalable model for improving biodiversity protection in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries.

Using Snakes with Asymmetric Energy Terms for the Detection of Varying-Contrast Edges in SAR Images

Wadden Sea — 2010 — WHE1EED3893E6

A novel approach using snakes with asymmetric external energy terms significantly improves the detection of varying-contrast edges in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, addressing challenges posed by speckle noise and SAR imaging techniques. This method demonstrates enhanced accuracy for identifying tidal creek boundaries in the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the German Bight (North Sea). The study leverages active contour methods, traditionally effective for boundary detection, but adapts them with asymmetric energy terms to better handle the unique characteristics of SAR images. Initial results using an ENVISAT ASAR image show promising improvements, offering potential for more precise remote sensing analysis in complex coastal environments.

Uso y lectura turística de los grandes conjuntos arqueológicos. Reflexiones a partir del Estudio de Público de Medina Azahara / Madinat al-Zahra (Córdoba)

Caliphate City of Medina Azahara — 2010 — WHE74B020A982

Visitors to large archaeological sites, such as the Caliphate City of Medina Azahara (Córdoba, Spain), exhibit distinct patterns of cultural consumption that significantly influence their experience and engagement with heritage. This study reveals that while these sites are increasingly integrated into local socioeconomic development strategies, their potential as tourist resources remains understudied, particularly in terms of visitor behavior and interpretation. Analyzing data from Medina Azahara, researchers identified key characteristics of visitors, including their usage patterns and interpretations, which provide critical insights for future heritage management. The findings suggest that understanding these dynamics is essential to maximizing the role of such sites in cultural tourism destinations.

Utopia Matters: From Brotherhoods to Bauhaus (review)

Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt — 2010 — WHEFEF7688780

Utopia Matters: From Brotherhoods to Bauhaus explores the evolution of utopian ideas in modern Western art, examining how artistic collectives from the early 19th century to 1933 shaped and were shaped by their intentional communities. The exhibition, curated by Vivien Greene, highlights movements like Les Primitifs, the Nazarenes, and Bauhaus, demonstrating their pursuit of aestheticized experience and artisanal traditions as a reaction to urban commercialism. It argues that these groups embodied the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, blending artistic practice with utopian ideals. While the selection focuses on canonical movements, it acknowledges gaps, such as the alignment of Futurists and Constructivists with totalitarian regimes. Modern projects like RMB City and Utopian Debris showcase the enduring relevance of utopian desire in contemporary art, contrasting virtual and physical realities.

Variability of carbon dioxide flux from tropical (Cerrado) hydroelectric reservoirs

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2010 — WHE7746F74666

Hydroelectric reservoirs, while generating energy without significant fossil fuel combustion, can emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) at rates comparable to coal or oil-fired systems. A study on five large reservoirs in the Cerrado region of Brazil found that these tropical reservoirs have low CO₂ emissions compared to global averages, but spatial and seasonal variability can lead to over 25% error if ignored. The research evaluated CO₂ concentrations and flux across different zones influenced by flooded biomass, organic matter input, and dam operations, revealing significant heterogeneity in gas emission patterns.

Varialvus gen. nov. (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae), from species of Lutjanidae (Perciformes) off the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia and the Maldives

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2010 — WHEC59804297E

Researchers have discovered four new species of cryptogonimid trematodes, prompting the establishment of a novel genus, Varialvus gen. nov., which infects Lutjanidae (Perciformes) across the Indo-West Pacific. This genus is distinguished by unique morphological traits, including a fusiform to oval body, distinct gonadal structures, and specific vitelline follicle distribution. Bayesian inference analysis of genetic data confirmed that these species form a monophyletic clade, despite some morphological variations that might have suggested otherwise. Notably, one species (V. charadrus sp. nov.) exhibits a widespread biogeographic range spanning over 10,000 kilometers, from the Great Barrier Reef to New Caledonia and the Maldives. Additionally, Siphoderina lutjani was reclassified as V. lutjani n. comb. based on morphological and host group agreement with Varialvus gen. nov.

Variation in cytochrome-b haplotypes suggests a new species of Zygodontomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) endemic to Isla Coiba, Panama

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2010 — WHE7008C5ABEF

A previously undescribed species of sigmodontine rodent, endemic to Isla Coiba in Panama's Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection, has been identified through mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene analysis. Phylogenetic studies revealed two distinct clades within the genus Zygodontomys: one unique to Isla Coiba and another shared by populations from Isla Cébaco and the mainland Peninsula Azuero, as well as a Venezuelan sequence. This discovery suggests that the rodent population on Isla Coiba represents a novel species, highlighting the island's significant biodiversity. The research compared cytochrome-b sequences from 16 specimens across these regions to related species in GenBank, providing genetic evidence for this taxonomic distinction.

Vegetation and land use 2009: Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve — 2010 — WHE6D134E76C6

A detailed mapping of vegetation and land use in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, reveals critical insights into one of the world's most vital protected areas. The study, conducted using high-resolution aerial photographs (40 cm/pixel) from 2009, identified plant communities through photo-interpretation and field surveys, digitized at a scale of 1:5,000. This approach combined traditional photo-interpretation techniques with geographic information systems (GIS), producing an ortho-corrected mosaic that provides precise data on the reserve's ecological structure. The findings are based on Mexico's national forest inventory classification system and offer a comprehensive spatial analysis of this UNESCO site, which hosts millions of migrating Monarch butterflies annually.

Vegetation Cover Changes in Ngorongoro Conservation Area from 1975 to 2000: The Importance of Remote Sensing Images~!2009-02-12~!2009-11-24~!2010-04-29~!

Ngorongoro Conservation Area — 2010 — WHEA1EB283C3A

A significant increase in woody vegetation cover, including forest (+48.7%) and bushland (+42.7%), alongside a decline in scrubland (-29.1%) and grasslands (-37.0%), was observed in Ngorongoro Conservation Area between 1975 and 2000. This shift, analyzed through remote sensing images (Landsat MSS 1975, Landsat TM 1991, and Landsat TM 2000), coincided with restrictive conservation policies that disrupted traditional Maasai pastoral mobility, leading to range deterioration and the invasion of unpalatable grass species in highland areas. The study highlights how pastoral land-use systems have preserved the savanna landscape, while disruptions threaten the ecosystem supporting tourism.

Vegetation indices changes in the cloud forest of La Gomera Island (Canary Islands) and their hydrological implications

Garajonay National Park — 2010 — WHE20CB7EA611

A key finding from this study is that the laurel forest in Garajonay National Park, La Gomera Island, exhibits peak photosynthetic activity during the dry season (late spring to early summer), contradicting traditional expectations of drought stress. Analysis of vegetation indices—specifically the enhanced vegetation index (EVI)—revealed a strong correlation between EVI values and temperature (p < 0.001), with valley-bottom forests showing the most pronounced seasonal trends. The research used MODIS Aqua data to track EVI changes over two hydrological years (2003–2005) and linked these patterns to climatic factors, including rainfall and fog drip. Notably, fog drip was identified as a critical hydrological factor maintaining soil moisture and forest transpiration, even during warmer periods. This insight is significant for understanding the resilience of subtropical cloud forests and their role in aquifer recharge.

Vertauschte Notizen. Anna Komnene und die Chronologie der byzantinischnormannischen Auseinandersetzung 1081–1085

Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — 2010 — WHE29BD508399

A critical reassessment of Anna Komnene's chronicles reveals misplaced annotations that distort the timeline of Byzantine-Norman conflicts between 1081 and 1085. The study demonstrates how these errors, likely introduced during manuscript transmission or editorial processes, have misled historians for centuries. By cross-referencing Anna Komnene's work with contemporary sources, including the Codex Marcianus Graecus 524 and epigraphic evidence, the research reconstructs a more accurate sequence of events, clarifying the dynamics of Byzantine resistance against Norman invasions. This finding underscores the importance of rigorous source criticism in medieval historiography.

Verzeichnis der Mitarbeiter dieses Bandes

Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — 2010 — WHEFFB2AA86AF

A comprehensive analysis of the Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas, and Nea Moni of Chios reveals significant insights into their historical, architectural, and cultural significance. The study explores the evolution of Byzantine structures, including the course of Constantinople's walls, the dating of monastic typikons, and the division of booty in late Byzantium (1204-1453). It also examines the relationships between literary works, such as the Vita of Barlaam and Ioasaph, and the Menologion of Symeon Metaphrastes. Additionally, the research delves into the oratorical rhythm in Byzantine texts and its connection to classical heritage, as well as the natural light dynamics in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessalonike. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining historical analysis, epigraphic studies, and literary criticism to shed light on these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Victor Horta’s Iron Architecture: A Structural Analysis

Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels) — 2010 — WHE87FEECBBE3

Victor Horta’s innovative use of iron in Art Nouveau architecture demonstrates a structural efficiency and conceptual coherence that set his work apart. This study reveals how Horta employed apparent iron frameworks in four notable projects, showcasing a philosophy that prioritized both aesthetic innovation and functional logic. The analysis focuses on structural typology, building techniques—including shapes and connection details—and the overall structural usefulness of his designs. By dissecting these elements, the research highlights Horta’s groundbreaking approach to iron architecture, which challenges conventional norms while maintaining practical efficacy.

Vilniaus Senamiesčio Fasadų Kompozicinis Savitumas ir Kaita

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2010 — WHE55DF8B4027

Recent transformations over the past three decades in Vilnius's historic center have been found to significantly impact its architectural originality, particularly in facade composition. The study highlights that while new elements and changes have modernized certain aspects of the old town, they often disrupt the rhythm and scale that define its unique character. Analyzing primary streets (Pilies and Trakai) and secondary ones (St. Mykolas and Literatai), researchers identified key transformations and evaluated their correlation with the originality of the historic architecture. This assessment underscores the need to balance modernization efforts with preserving the distinctive architectural identity that has shaped Vilnius's UNESCO-listed heritage.

Vilniaus universiteto Archeologijos katedra (1990–2010 metais)

Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) — 2010 — WHE39719411AC

From 1990 to 2010, the Department of Archaeology at Vilnius University played a pivotal role in revitalizing archaeological research and education in Lithuania following its re-establishment after Soviet rule. The department significantly contributed to the field through scientific publications, international collaborations, and educational initiatives, including the launch of the journal Archaeologia Lituana and the expansion of archaeology studies from 10 students in 1993 to 43 by 2010. It also led or participated in national and international projects, such as the digitalization of Lithuanian archaeological sources and landscape development studies, while fostering fieldwork opportunities at key sites like Kernavė and Trakai. The department's efforts included organizing regular conferences, engaging in Erasmus programs, and hosting foreign scholars, solidifying its position as a leading institution in Lithuanian archaeology.

Volatile Climate Conditions Cahokia: Comment on Benson, Pauketat and Cook 2009

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2010 — WHE8B5F2EAFEF

Research at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site reveals that climate variability, not just precipitation abundance, played a critical role in the development of social complexity during its peak period. While Benson et al. (2009) emphasized the importance of high precipitation, Nolan and Cook (2010) argue that fluctuating climatic conditions—measured using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)—were equally influential. Their analysis leverages existing PDSI reconstructions to demonstrate how variability in climate may have shaped Cahokia's societal structures. This perspective expands our understanding of how environmental factors drive cultural evolution, offering new insights into the resilience and adaptability of prehistoric societies.