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Transformaciones, conflictos e identidades en el Centro Histórico de Salvador de Bahia

Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia — 2010 — WHEC902942CED

Urban renewal policies in Salvador de Bahia's historic center, particularly Pelourinho, have significantly transformed the area since its 1985 UNESCO World Heritage designation, aiming to establish it as a major South American tourist destination. These transformations, driven by local and regional authorities, have sparked conflicts among stakeholders and serve as a model for other cities with similar potential. The study analyzes these policies from the late nineteenth century onward, highlighting how they reflect the interests of power groups and the challenges in creating a vibrant, multifunctional space.

Travels in the East

Saint Catherine Area — 2010 — WHE594DBB71D7

In 1843, Constantin von Tischendorf, a German biblical scholar, made a groundbreaking discovery at the Monastery of Saint Catherine on Mount Sinai: a previously unknown fourth-century manuscript, one of the main witnesses to the Septuagint. This significant find, now recognized as a pivotal text in biblical scholarship, was part of his broader journey through the Middle East, documented in 'Travels in the East,' first published in 1847. The narrative blends travelogue with historical and religious exploration, detailing Tischendorf's encounters with notable figures such as Mehmet Ali and Ibrahim Pasha, as well as his visit to the library of the Patriarch of Alexandria. His journey culminated in reaching Jerusalem, the main goal of his expedition. The account also includes vivid anecdotes, including an unexpected encounter with robbers that adds a layer of adventure to this scholarly endeavor.

Trees, Nuts, And Woods At The End Of The First Millennium: A Case From The Amalfi Coast

Costiera Amalfitana — 2010 — WHE598B4ADB97

Medieval charters from the Amalfi Coast reveal that chestnut groves (Castanea sativa) were once a dominant land use across southern Campania, including the Lattari mountains and low valleys. Contrary to later declines in the 20th century, historical records suggest this tree thrived extensively along the peninsula, Salerno, Picentini, and Avellino regions. The study analyzes one key charter to reconstruct broader patterns of chestnut cultivation, highlighting its ecological and economic significance during the first millennium's close.

Trepanning on Mediaeval Gamzigrad — Felix Romuliana

Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius — 2010 — WHEA45EC9AFF9

A rare case of medieval trepanning, or surgical drilling into the skull, has been identified at Gamzigrad-Romuliana. The discovery, made through archaeological excavations between 1974 and 1992, reveals a well-healed trepanation on the left parietal bone of a male skeleton aged up to 45 years, dating back to the 10th or 11th century. This finding sheds light on medieval surgical practices and the survival rates of such procedures in the region. The study analyzed 132 skeletons from three excavation sites within and around the palace complex, employing anthropological techniques to assess skeletal remains. The trepanation was performed using an old filling technique, indicating advanced but traditional surgical methods during that era.

Trichomycetes from Newfoundland, including Gros Morne National Park

Gros Morne National Park — 2010 — WHE6D87AC423E

Research in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, has uncovered three new species of Trichomycetes fungi—Smittium colboi, Smittium georgense, and Stachylina forantipes—alongside six additional species representing new geographic records for the region. Notably, Spartiella barbata is reported in North America for the first time. The study analyzed aquatic insects from coastal sites across Newfoundland, revealing diverse fungal taxa with taxonomic significance, including detailed observations of Pennella hovassi. This work expands the known biodiversity of Trichomycetes in Atlantic Canada and provides critical insights into their ecological distribution.

Trouble in Paradise: Indigenous Populations, Anthropological Policies, and Biodiversity Conservation in Manu National Park, Peru

Manú National Park — 2010 — WHEF845CC450A

A 'tenure for defense' approach is proposed as the most viable strategy for long-term biodiversity conservation in Manu National Park, Peru. The study challenges the notion that resettling indigenous populations, such as the Matsigenka, outside protected areas benefits conservation efforts. Instead, it argues that providing explicit benefits—like infrastructure investments, employment opportunities, or ecotourism—in exchange for community involvement in park defense and resource management can effectively protect biodiversity while supporting indigenous rights. The research analyzes historical anthropological policies, park-Matsigenka conflicts, and areas of common interest, concluding that resettlement lacks political, legal, or practical feasibility.

Troy and its Remains

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2010 — WHE8155A2E233

Excavations at Hissarlik, Turkey, revealed multiple superimposed ancient settlements, with the earliest dating back to 4500 BCE. Heinrich Schliemann's work, though criticized for its crudeness, made a groundbreaking discovery that brought global attention to Troy through the unearthed golden treasure. Later research determined that this treasure predates Homeric Troy by centuries, yet Schliemann's contributions remain monumental in archaeological history. This firsthand account provides a compelling narrative of his discoveries and their significance.

Trypanosoma melophagium from the sheep ked Melophagus ovinus on the island of St Kilda

St Kilda — 2010 — WHEFFF1713E23

Researchers have identified Trypanosoma melophagium, a trypanosome parasite transmitted by sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus), in the feral Soay sheep population on St Kilda. Despite being largely eradicated elsewhere in the UK, the sheep ked persists here and was found to harbour T. melophagium in high prevalence, particularly among lambs. The study used PCR analysis of preserved keds and live gut smears, along with in vitro cultivation and morphological examination, to confirm the parasite's identity. Genetic sequencing revealed that T. melophagium is closely related to Trypanosoma theileri, suggesting it represents a specialized lineage adapted to transmission by sheep keds. This finding sheds light on the evolutionary dynamics of trypanosome parasites and their hosts in isolated ecosystems.

Tutela dei monumenti antichi e trasformazioni urbane a Catania

Mount Etna — 2010 — WHE180974E066

Catania's urban landscape, shaped by the 1693 earthquake and Mount Etna's 1669 eruption, presents a complex interplay between ancient architecture and modern reconstruction efforts. Despite significant public interventions aimed at preserving Greek-Roman structures, these efforts were often fragmented and lacked systematic planning, leading to challenges in creating an accessible urban archaeological park. While some 17th-century buildings were demolished to free ancient structures, many remain difficult to access, highlighting the ongoing struggle between historical preservation and urban development.

Twentieth century constraints on sea level change and earthquake deformation at Macquarie Island

Macquarie Island — 2010 — WHEAB997C6ECF

A rare combination of historical sea level observations from Sir Douglas Mawson's 1911–1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition and modern data reveals a surprising land subsidence rate at Macquarie Island, contradicting geological evidence of long-term uplift. The study estimates relative sea level rise at +4.8 ± 0.6 mm/yr, suggesting the island is sinking despite geological uplift over millennia. Analysis of GPS data from 2000–2009 refines the source parameters of a 2004 Mw∼8.0 earthquake and infers an asthenospheric viscosity of 3×10^19 Pa s, providing insights into the island's tectonic evolution. The findings also indicate that ongoing viscoelastic relaxation from a 1924 earthquake contributes significantly to vertical deformation, with absolute sea level change estimated at +2.0 ± 0.8 mm/yr over the twentieth century, aligning with global averages.

Two New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from High Elevations in Southern Peru (Region of Cusco)

City of Cuzco — 2010 — WHE8D33FF8A14

Researchers have identified two new species of Bryophryne frogs in the high-altitude puna regions of southern Peru, specifically in the Province of La Convención within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Cuzco. These discoveries bring the total number of known Bryophryne species to eight. One species is notable for being the second known to possess a tympanic annulus and membrane, along with vocal slits and sacs, distinguishing it by its blackish-brown venter adorned with yellow, orange, or pale pink blotches. The other species exhibits a unique coloration pattern, with males displaying an orange and pale gray mottled venter, while the single female observed has a black and pale gray mottled venter. Both species were found at elevations of 3800–4000 meters, inhabiting moss and Peruvian feather grass (Stipa ichu) respectively. The study provides a detailed map of type localities for all known Bryophryne species, contributing valuable data to the understanding of amphibian biodiversity in this region.

Two new species of Oregodasys (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida: Thaumastodermatidae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize with ultrastructural observations of the epidermal glandular system

Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System — 2010 — WHE5D9FE33AAC

Researchers have identified two new species of Gastrotricha, Oregodasys norenburgi and Oregodasys katharinae, from the sublittoral sediments around Carrie Bow Cay in Belize's barrier reef system. These discoveries mark the first report of Gastrotricha in Belizean waters. O. norenburgi is distinguished by its paired red ocelli and unique distribution of adhesive tubes, while O. katharinae stands out due to its ventrolateral cirri arrangement, quantity of adhesive tubes, and a bipartite caudal organ structure. The study also provides detailed ultrastructural observations of the epidermal glandular system in O. katharinae, revealing a highly glandular epithelium with three types of papillae and insunk glandulocytes containing diverse secretory vesicles. This research enhances our understanding of Gastrotricha diversity in the region and contributes to the broader knowledge of these microscopic organisms' complex anatomical features.

Un Posible Canon de los Dibujos de Arquitectura de la Modernidad

Tugendhat Villa in Brno — 2010 — WHE62BC470700

A proposed canon of modern architectural drawings highlights influential works and architects, offering a framework to assess contributions to architectural history. The study selects ten iconic single-family homes from the modern era, each representing a master architect, including the Tugendhat Villa by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. This approach aims to provide a foundational map for understanding architecture while fostering critical thinking among students. The research draws on established canons and expert opinions to minimize subjectivity, using criteria such as historical significance, innovation, and cultural impact.

Understanding Land Cover Change Using a Harmonized Classification System in the Himalaya

Sagarmatha National Park — 2010 — WHEA4508037D9

A significant decrease in snow cover above 5000 meters and shifts from forest to shrub between 3000 and 4000 meters were identified in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ), highlighting critical land cover changes in the Himalayas. The study employed a harmonized Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) developed by the FAO and UNEP, ensuring consistent definitions for reliable cross-region comparisons. Using satellite imagery from 1992 to 2006—Landsat TM, ETM+, and ASTER—and object-based image analysis, researchers mapped land cover changes with extensive field validation. This approach revealed that over 70% of SNPBZ is dominated by snow, ice, glaciers, bare rocks, and soil, with altitude significantly influencing vegetation distribution. The harmonized classification system improved accuracy and clarity, addressing past methodological inconsistencies in the region.

Une attaque de Damas par les Qarmates au Xe siècle d'après la lettre d'un marchand

Ancient City of Damascus — 2010 — WHE3BF5A092EC

A previously unpublished merchant's letter from early 10th-century Damascus provides a vivid account of the city's resilience during a Qarmate attack. The text, offering a rare glimpse into the Syrian capital and its surrounding oasis, reveals how Damascus, despite limited military capacity, relied on its ancient fortifications and the vigor of urban militias to withstand the assault. This letter paints a broad picture of the Ghouta oasis at a pivotal moment in history, highlighting the interplay between commerce, urban defense, and political fragility under the Abbasid regime.

Une modélisation d'accompagnement pour la gestion combinée des systèmes d'élevage et des milieux boisés sur le Causse du Larzac

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE36150B7522

A collaborative agent-based modeling approach successfully integrated the management goals of farmers and forest conservationists on the Causse du Larzac, a UNESCO-listed Mediterranean agro-pastoral landscape. The model, co-developed with researchers and technicians, allowed the Société Civile des Terres du Larzac (SCTL) to evaluate scenarios for combined livestock systems and wooded environments, while also addressing farmers' needs for improved farm functioning. This study demonstrates how companion modeling can bridge gaps between agricultural practices and ecological objectives in culturally significant landscapes.

Unity and universe: understanding pilgrimage to Mount Athos

Mount Athos — 2010 — WHE4DE291B8B6

Pilgrimage to Mount Athos embodies a unique universe of beliefs, particularly centered around the Greek term 'proskýnima,' which transcends conventional understandings of pilgrimage. The study reveals that preconceptions about the word 'pilgrimage' shape our interpretation of this spiritual phenomenon, often obscuring fundamental elements specific to Mount Athos. This research demonstrates how the horizon of conceptual understanding expands through inquiry, shedding light on the nuanced beliefs and practices embedded in pilgrimage traditions. By shifting focus from abstract concepts to the linguistic and cultural specifics of 'proskýnima,' the study uncovers layers of meaning that are integral to the spiritual transformation experienced by pilgrims.

Upslope migration of Andean trees

Manú National Park — 2010 — WHE0B6AAFDB3E

Tropical Andean tree genera are migrating upslope at rates of approximately 2.5–3.5 vertical meters per year, likely due to rising temperatures. This study, conducted across an elevational gradient in Manu National Park, Peru, analyzed repeated forest inventory data from 14 plots between 950 and 3400 meters over five years. Researchers tracked changes in the distributions of 38 tree genera, finding that most shifted upward while lower-elevation species increased in abundance. These findings provide the first documented evidence of climate-driven migrations in tropical plants, though migration rates were slower than predicted by temperature increases alone. The study suggests potential risks to biodiversity if trees struggle to keep pace with further climate change.

Urban Space, Belonging, and Inequality in Multi-Ethnic Housing Estates of Melaka, Malaysia

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2010 — WHE01786DD1C1

In multi-ethnic housing estates of Melaka, Malaysia, shared symbols of protection and representation mark urban spaces, reflecting the interplay between Malay political dominance and Chinese economic influence while marginalizing Indian communities. These estates, developed collaboratively by Chinese developers and Malay officials, house diverse institutions like religious sites and educational facilities, fostering a complex dynamic where Indians struggle to maintain unregistered temples despite interactions with other groups. The study reveals how these spatial practices embed identity schemata, shaping struggles for life-space among citizens—particularly Malaysians—and non-citizen students, such as Arabs and Africans. Ethnographic inquiry uncovered the social production of space as a site of both stability in religious institutions and persistent marginalization.

Urban Vulnerabilities in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Visualizations of Human/Hazard Interactions

Kathmandu Valley — 2010 — WHE8637C8A314

Rapid, unplanned urbanization in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, exposes residents to significant vulnerabilities, particularly related to environmental degradation and seismic risks. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on socioeconomic factors, this research highlights the spatial and physical dimensions of these vulnerabilities—such as population density, road networks, vehicular traffic, garbage management, and open spaces—using three-dimensional visualizations to differentiate between high-risk and relatively safer urban areas. The study contributes a methodological framework for understanding human-hazard interactions in rapidly urbanizing cities of the Global South, offering insights applicable to similar socioeconomic and environmental contexts.