World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 4021 – 4040 of 4230 publications

Osteological and molecular identification of brucellosis in ancient Butrint, Albania

Butrint — 2011 — WHEFB66DECA7E

A groundbreaking study confirms the presence of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella bacteria, in human remains from ancient Butrint, Albania. Researchers identified severe vertebral lesions in two adolescent males dating to the 10th–13th centuries AD and ruled out tuberculosis through genetic screening. Positive amplification of Brucella DNA markers—IS6501 insertion element and Bcsp31 gene—in affected bones provided definitive evidence. This discovery suggests brucellosis was endemic in the region during the Middle Ages, offering new insights into past disease dynamics and human-animal interactions at a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Paisaje Cultural de Aranjuez y Patrimonio Mundial : Seducción, Declaración y Compromiso

Aranjuez Cultural Landscape — 2011 — WHE5DDCE77014

Aranjuez Cultural Landscape, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001, stands as a testament to the intersection of natural beauty and human ingenuity. This study reveals that its recognition was not merely an acknowledgment of its aesthetic appeal but also a commitment to preserving its cultural significance through structured management, conservation, and protection frameworks. The research meticulously analyzes the nomination process and the definition of cultural landscapes, providing insights into how such sites are safeguarded for future generations. By examining the lines established for the management of Aranjuez, this work offers a model for other cultural landscapes seeking World Heritage status, emphasizing the importance of balancing development with heritage preservation.

Photography-based analysis of tourists’ temporal–spatial behaviour in the Old Town of Lijiang

Old Town of Lijiang — 2011 — WHE04669D468A

A novel photography-based approach reveals key temporal and spatial patterns of tourist behavior in the UNESCO-listed Old Town of Lijiang, offering new insights for sustainable tourism management. Analyzing 1308 publicly shared photos, researchers estimated tourists' daily visit frequencies, movement traces, and hotspots, demonstrating the potential of photo-sharing data to track visitor distribution with high accuracy. This method provides a non-intrusive alternative to traditional surveys, enabling more precise planning of resources and conservation efforts in historically significant areas.

Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal microbial community in herbivorous land and marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands using 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing

Galápagos Islands — 2011 — WHE47FB2D0165

Diet significantly shapes the gut microbial communities of herbivorous iguanas in the Galápagos Islands, with marine and land iguanas exhibiting distinct bacterial compositions. Marine iguanas, which consume algae, show higher abundances of Bacteroides spp., Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae, while land iguanas, feeding on terrestrial vegetation, harbor a greater diversity of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and a fivefold increase in Ruminococcaceae. Archaea were uniquely detected in land iguanas, suggesting their role in breaking down recalcitrant polysaccharides. The study used 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing to analyze fecal samples from both species across the archipelago, revealing novel microbial diversity that could lead to discoveries of enzymes capable of degrading complex polysaccharides.

Population densities of understorey birds across a habitat gradient in Palawan, Philippines: implications for conservation

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park — 2011 — WHEA066BF6A1F

A study of understorey bird populations in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Philippines, reveals that old-growth forests are critical for conserving Palawan's endemic and threatened birds. While some species thrive in disturbed habitats like cultivation, the highest densities of 11 species—including five endemics and three threatened ones—were found in undisturbed forests. The research highlights the importance of retaining large trees to sustain suitable microhabitats, cautioning against expanding cultivated areas within protected zones. Though population estimates for threatened species may be higher than previously thought, the study underscores the need for stronger conservation management across Palawan's protected areas.

Population dynamics of Walia ibex (Capra walie) at Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Simien National Park — 2011 — WHEBBE4DE3BB0

A population of 745 Walia ibexes (Capra walie) was estimated in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, using intensive direct counts in 2009. The study revealed significant variability in growth rates, with the population growing by 2.5% under ideal conditions and slightly declining by 0.13% under random environmental conditions. Growth rate metrics, including instantaneous growth rate (r = 2.6 ± 2.6) and per capita growth rate (λ = 0.03 ± 0.18), showed strong positive correlations, indicating resilience in population dynamics. Historical data and literature reviews were integrated with the 2009 counts to model these trends, providing insights into the species' vulnerability and conservation needs within this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Potential lantana invasion of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area under climate change.

Greater Blue Mountains Area — 2011 — WHEA643F119AF

A 2°C rise in temperature could make 94% of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area suitable for lantana invasion, up from just 8% under current conditions. Minimum temperature emerged as the dominant predictor, accounting for over 88% of the variation in potential lantana establishment, underscoring its critical role in the weed's expansion. The study used habitat suitability modeling to simulate future conditions, revealing that low-lying riparian areas pose significant risks as invasion pathways. These findings highlight the urgent need for proactive management to curb lantana's spread and protect the region's biodiversity.

Preservation of industrial heritage

Völklingen Ironworks — 2011 — WHE564D4B2F47

Industrial heritage preservation, exemplified by the UNESCO-listed Völklingen Ironworks, differs significantly from traditional monument care due to its unique characteristics. This study highlights that while industrial monument preservation is widely accepted in Germany since 1994, regional perceptions vary greatly. It outlines key differences in rehabilitation and conservation requirements for industrial sites compared to classic monuments, providing a concise overview of these special cases of human heritage.

Primary identities in the lower Omo valley: migration, cataclysm, conflict and amalgamation, 1750–1910

Lower Valley of the Omo — 2011 — WHE4958D7974F

Ethnic identities in the Lower Omo Valley emerged from two key patterns of movement between 1750 and 1910: organized pastoralist migrations and downstream river movements. These shifts, linked to East African cataclysms like floods and epidemics, reshaped local demographics, leading to assimilation and the disappearance of some primary groups. The study reveals that 'clusters' of interacting peoples in high-interaction localities were crucial nodes for cultural identity formation. By analyzing historical records and migration patterns, it demonstrates how external disruptions and ecological opportunities shaped current ethnic identities.

Promoting Gondwana: presentation of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area in tourist brochures

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2011 — WHE0878FBEA48

Only 3% of tourism brochures in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area mention 'Gondwana' or 'Gondwana Rainforests,' highlighting a significant gap in branding awareness despite its importance as a tourist drawcard. This study analyzed 343 brochures to assess the representation of key terms like 'rainforest,' 'World Heritage,' and 'Gondwana' in both text and imagery. The findings underscore the need for stronger promotion of this globally recognized brand to enhance visitor engagement and community awareness, given its role as a remnant sub-tropical rainforest ecosystem declared a World Heritage site in 1986.

Promoting sustainable festival events tourism: a case study of Lamu Kenya

Lamu Old Town — 2011 — WHE18DC2ECC23

Festivals, including those in Lamu Old Townhold significant potential for sustainable local economic development. However, this potential is often underutilized due to poor management and engagement with tourism forces. The study highlights the need for careful planning of festival events to balance cultural preservation, community involvement, and economic benefits while ensuring sustainable tourism practices. By investing in festivals and fostering authentic tourist experiences, regional economies can be boosted, tourism seasonality expanded, and local identities strengthened. This case study underscores the importance of policy interventions that prioritize local participation in communicating Lamu's history and cultural heritage.

Raw materials used in ancient mortars from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Tournai (Belgium)

Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai — 2011 — WHEEC199B5FAE

A study of ancient mortars from the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai, Belgium, reveals that both chalk and 'hard' Tournaisian limestone were used to produce lime during the Imperial Roman, Carolingian, and Romanesque periods (4th–11th century AD). The research, employing mineralogical, chemical, and microscopical techniques, identified these materials as locally sourced and capable of yielding either hydraulic or non-hydraulic lime. Additionally, the low abundance of overburnt particles in Gallo-Roman and Palaeo-Christian mortars suggests that technological knowledge regarding lime burning was present during these periods.

Regional and local patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure along an altitudinal gradient in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran

Hyrcanian Forests — 2011 — WHECAE8B93B34

A study of the Hyrcanian Forests, one of Eurasia's last temperate old-growth forests, reveals that ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity declines monotonically with altitude. This pattern mirrors broader trends seen in macroorganisms and is influenced by environmental energy limitations, which reduce competitive ability for rare species. The research combined morphological and molecular identification methods to analyze 367 fungal species across three altitudinal transects, finding that host species and altitude were the primary drivers of community composition at both local and regional scales. Climatic variables like mean annual temperature and precipitation, strongly correlated with altitude, also played a significant role in shaping these patterns. The study suggests further investigation into direct effects of climatic variables and their seasonality, particularly at larger spatial scales.

Resource Wars and Conflict Ivory: The Impact of Civil Conflict on Elephants in the Democratic Republic of Congo - The Case of the Okapi Reserve

Okapi Wildlife Reserve — 2011 — WHED74925C34C

Civil conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) led to a near 50% decline in elephant populations within the Okapi Wildlife Reserve, primarily due to increased poaching for ivory during the war. Using distance sampling surveys and Generalized Additive Models, researchers found that human activity—rather than habitat factors—dominated elephant distribution both before and after the conflict, with post-war models explaining more variation. Elephant densities were higher in the park's central, better-protected areas, suggesting these zones acted as refuges. However, persistent threats like weakened institutions, illegal trade, and growing human populations continue to endanger remaining populations. Strengthening conservation efforts and curbing illegal wildlife trade are critical for recovery.

Response of guanacosLama guanicoeto changes in land management in Península Valdés, Argentine Patagonia: conservation implications

Península Valdés — 2011 — WHE65C85901A0

Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in Península Valdés, Argentina, showed a three-fold increase in abundance within three years following the removal of sheep from a private wildlife reserve. This rapid response suggests that guanacos, even at high densities, are less damaging to vegetation than sheep. The study compared guanaco populations and plant cover inside and outside the reserve, revealing higher guanaco numbers and greater grassland coverage in areas where sheep were excluded. While management changes led to significant local increases in guanaco populations, the researchers emphasize that large-scale protection is necessary for the long-term persistence of wild guanaco populations. The findings highlight the potential for sustainable coexistence between livestock production and wildlife conservation in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Retrofitting Aachen Cathedral with an Innovative Flexible Textile Reinforced Mortar Bandage / Innovative und denkmalgerechte Verstärkung des Aachener Doms mit einer flexiblen, textilbewehrten Rissbandage

Aachen Cathedral — 2011 — WHE4136CE0E7E

A groundbreaking method for retrofitting historic structures using flexible textile-reinforced mortar bandages has been successfully applied to Aachen Cathedral. This innovative approach demonstrates significant potential for strengthening masonry while preserving its aesthetic and structural integrity. The study involved the application of a lightweight, flexible reinforcement system that effectively bridges cracks and enhances load-bearing capacity without altering the monument's visual character. By combining modern materials with traditional conservation techniques, this method offers a sustainable solution for the long-term preservation of cultural heritage sites facing structural deterioration.

Review Of The Characteristics Of Mahan Garden:One Type Of Persian Gardens

The Persian Garden — 2011 — WHE4F2A233F22

Persian gardens, rooted in Iran's cultural imagination of paradise, exemplify ingenious landscaping adapted to arid climates. A study analyzing Mahan Prince Garden reveals that elements like soil, water, plants, and layout coalesce into a distinct Persian garden style. The research employs descriptive analysis, drawing from examples, documents, and library studies, to highlight how these gardens balance aesthetic beauty with practical sustainability in water-scarce regions. This approach underscores the significance of Persian horticultural artistry in transforming harsh environments into lush, symbolic landscapes.

Risk Assessment of Disease of Niches’ Eaves in the Dazu Rock Carvings based on GIS

Dazu Rock Carvings — 2011 — WHEEB1CC146B1

A quantitative risk assessment of disease affecting the eaves of niches in the Dazu Rock Carvings reveals critical vulnerabilities that threaten their preservation. By integrating geographic information system (GIS) technology with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), researchers identified key factors contributing to disease risk and assigned them weights. Spatial analysis and an integrated assessment model then mapped these risks, enabling targeted conservation strategies. This approach offers a data-driven method for prioritizing interventions in heritage site management, balancing scientific rigor with practical application.

Selecting cultural sites for the UNESCO World Heritage List: Recent work in the Rock Islands–Southern Lagoon area, Republic of Palau

Rock Islands Southern Lagoon — 2011 — WHE28C85DFC50

A collaborative approach combining archaeological expertise with traditional knowledge and local community involvement has emerged as a key strategy for identifying cultural properties of outstanding universal value (OUV) in the Pacific Islands, particularly in the Rock Islands–Southern Lagoon area of Palau. This research highlights how such partnerships can address the under-representation of the Pacific region on the UNESCO World Heritage List, while also navigating challenges related to governance and resource accumulation. The study underscores the importance of integrating indigenous perspectives with scientific methods to strengthen heritage nominations and management in the region.

Shahr-i Sokhta and the chronology of the Indo-Iranian regions

Shahr-i Sokhta — 2011 — WHEA228A45519

A 2011 study challenges the established chronology of Shahr-i Sokhta, suggesting its final phases (III and IV) occurred in the late 3rd millennium to early 2nd millennium BCE. This revised dating implies potential interactions between the Helmand sites (Shahr-i Sokhta and Mundigak) and the Indus Civilization. The research evaluates arguments for contemporaneity by examining archaeological sequences from the western Indus Valley and Makran, questioning proposed links between Shahr-i Sokhta and Indus sites.