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Showing 4121 – 4140 of 4230 publications

Congo Peafowl use both primary and regenerating forest in Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Salonga National Park — 2010 — WHEABE756ADD1

A study on the Congo Peafowl (Afropavo congensis) reveals that this endangered species, endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo, significantly favors regenerating secondary forest over primary forest for habitat use. Researchers analyzed two contiguous forest blocks in Salonga National Park—one primary and one secondary, with regeneration exceeding 30 years—using systematic transect surveys and exhaustive searches for secondary signs like feathers and droppings. Results showed a higher frequency of peafowl presence in secondary forest, with 19 out of 31 bird sightings occurring there. Microhabitat preferences also differed: birds in secondary forest were closer to watercourses, had fewer large trees, and exhibited lower plant species richness. Additionally, droppings from secondary forest contained fewer taxonomic groups, suggesting dietary or ecological differences. This finding underscores the critical role of old regenerating forests in peafowl conservation, emphasizing their inclusion in habitat connectivity planning to support this vulnerable species.

Conservation at risk: conflict analysis in the Białowieża Forest, a European biodiversity hotspot

Białowieża Forest — 2010 — WHE1B6E4F380B

Neither opposing groups in the Białowieża Forest debate advocate for long-term biodiversity conservation strategies. Persistent tensions stem from mutual distrust, conflicting data interpretations, local vested interests, and economic insecurity among stakeholders. The study suggests a shift toward restoration-oriented management that integrates bottom-up social processes addressing local needs with clear communication of conservation values. Incorporating incentives into legislation and funding is crucial for successful governance and management of this irreplaceable ecosystem.

Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park

Everglades National Park — 2010 — WHE3C94021E36

A mangrove forest in the western Everglades National Park acts as a significant carbon sink, with an annual net ecosystem production (NEP) of 1170 ± 127 g C m⁻², attributed to year-round productivity and low ecosystem respiration. The study, conducted using an eddy covariance system from January 2004 to August 2005, revealed that environmental factors such as diffuse solar irradiance, surface water salinity, and tidal activity play critical roles in controlling carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange between the forest and atmosphere. High salinity (>34 ppt) reduced daily light use efficiency by 46%, while tidal inundation lowered daytime respiration by ∼0.9 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ and nighttime respiration by ∼0.5 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹. These findings suggest that mangrove carbon balance may shift in response to changes in salinity and inundation patterns, potentially due to sea level rise and climate change.

Cooperative Research: An Example from the Wet Tropics of Queensland

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2010 — WHECAC5E9E389

Cooperative research integrating Indigenous and scientific knowledge can effectively guide natural resource management (NRM) strategies, particularly in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. The study demonstrates that multi-directional learning and mutual benefit—achieved through trust-based partnerships and genuine action research outcomes—strengthen both Indigenous knowledge systems and traditional scientific approaches. This approach ensures that Indigenous perspectives on symbolic significance and resource values are equally recognized alongside established scientific methods, fostering cross-transfer of skills and more holistic NRM solutions.

Crossbow fibulae from Gamzigrad (Romuliana)

Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius — 2010 — WHE6C35A8F4F5

A significant collection of 31 crossbow fibulae (Zwiebelknopffibeln) was discovered at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Gamzigrad-Romuliana, representing one of the largest assemblages from a single site in Serbia. These fibulae, primarily found in stratified archaeological units dating from the early 4th to mid-5th century, provide valuable insights into their function and production during this period. Through morphological-typological and stratigraphical-chronological analyses, researchers concluded that these artifacts were not merely decorative but served a functional purpose, likely related to military or ceremonial use.

Dealing with Volcanic Terrains: Conflict, Communication and Consensus Building among Stakeholders of Protected Areas in Iceland and Japan

Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice — 2010 — WHE1BBA7D6EC0

A communicative approach to conflict management can effectively build consensus among stakeholders in protected areas, even across different cultures. This finding emerges from a study comparing stakeholder perspectives in Vatnajökull National Park (Iceland) and Daisetsuzan National Park (Japan). The research employed literature review and surveys to assess opinions on conflict, communication, and consensus-building. Despite cultural differences, the results suggest that open dialogue can foster agreement on management issues, offering a scalable model for protected area governance.

Demography and dynamics of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Bale Mountains National Park — 2010 — WHE7F4AAE7F87

A significant decline of 45% in the mountain nyala population (Tragelaphus buxtoni) was observed in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, between 2003 and 2005, with an annual decrease of 2%-5%. The study attributed this reduction to anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment, and poaching. Population density varied significantly between sub-populations (Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay), with the Dinsho group being isolated, potentially limiting their access to mates and suitable habitats. The population size was estimated at 830-908 individuals, despite an increase in mean density due to habitat contraction. Demographic parameters remained stable over three years, suggesting that the decline was not due to random variations but likely driven by human activities.

Dendrochronological dating of coal mine workings at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, Canada

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2010 — WHEBABB486AA8

Researchers used dendrochronology to date timber pit props from relic coal mine workings at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs, revealing two distinct phases of mining activity between 1849 and 1875. The study identified that most adits (1-9 and 11-12) were part of an initial operation by the General Mining Association, with cut dates ranging from 1849 to 1868, while others (10 and 13-14) likely belonged to a later mine opened by the Joggins Coal Mining Company in 1873-1875. The findings align with archival records and suggest that timber stockpiled from an earlier mine may have been used in the construction of the initial operation. This study enhances our understanding of the industrial archaeology at this UNESCO World Heritage Site and refines the regional red spruce chronology for future dendrochronological studies.

Detection of Babesia Sp. EU1 and Members of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from Migratory Birds at Curonian Spit, North-Western Russia

Curonian Spit — 2010 — WHEDC0200C021

A groundbreaking study on the Curonian Spit reveals that migratory birds may serve as reservoirs for human pathogens. Researchers detected Babesia sp. EU1 and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae in ticks collected from passerine birds, marking the first such findings in this region. Using PCR analysis, 1.6% of ticks tested positive for Babesia spp., with sequences matching human pathogenic strains, while 15.1% carried SFG rickettsiae, including Rickettsia helvetica, monacensis, and japonica. This suggests a potential role for migratory birds in the epidemiology of these diseases, warranting further investigation into their transmission dynamics.

Diagenesis of Flint and Porcellanite in the Maastrichtian Chalk at Stevns Klint, Denmark

Stevns Klint — 2010 — WHE9A488848AA

Flint nodules in the Maastrichtian chalk of Stevns Klint, Denmark, form through early diagenetic processes driven by microbial activity and low sedimentation rates. The study identifies four types of siliceous nodules—porcellanite, white flint, white flint with a dark core, and dark flint—composed primarily of microquartz, lutecite, chalcedony, megaquartz, and dolomite. Stable isotope analysis (δ18Osmow) indicates precipitation temperatures ranging from 15–17°C for microquartz and lutecite to up to 48°C for megaquartz, suggesting a transformation pathway from silica gel or opal-CT via dissolution-precipitation (Ostwald ripening). The research proposes that microbial decomposition of organic matter at the redox boundary below the seafloor initiated flint formation during periods of minimal sedimentation. This process implies that flint deposition reflects shallow-water conditions with high biosiliceous input and microbial activity, offering potential paleo-oceanographic insights for shallow carbonate systems.

Discovery and preparation of a large mass of articulated Early Jurassic crinoids from Black Ven (Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage Site, south-west England)

Dorset and East Devon Coast — 2010 — WHEBF9A770427

A remarkable discovery of a large mass of articulated Early Jurassic crinoids, specifically Pentacrinites fossilis, has been made on the Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage Site. This find provides exceptional insights into the palaeobiology and geological context of these marine organisms during the Early Jurassic period. The study details the meticulous preparation, conservation, and preservation techniques employed to safeguard this significant fossil mass. The research highlights the scientific value of the site's marine mudrocks, which are renowned for their spectacularly preserved fossils, contributing valuable data to our understanding of ancient marine ecosystems.

Distribution and risk factors for spread of amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2010 — WHEA4E973EAA3

A study reveals that the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) remains largely free of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), with only 3% of surveyed sites testing positive, despite providing optimal conditions for the pathogen. In contrast, surrounding areas with human disturbance—characterized by gravel roads, forests, and altitudes under 1000 meters—showed a 52% infection rate. The research suggests anthropogenic activities may facilitate Bd spread, while walking tracks in remote regions were strongly associated with its absence. These findings imply that the TWWHA’s inaccessible nature and lack of Bd could make disease control feasible, given that Tasmanian frogs reproduce in ponds rather than streams.

Double Trauma and Manifold Narratives: Jews' and Muslims' Representations of the Departure of Moroccan Jews in the 1950s and 1960s

Historic City of Meknes — 2010 — WHE306F8EE083

A study of the departure of Moroccan Jews in the 1950s and 1960s reveals that both Jewish and Muslim narratives reflect deep, unresolved trauma. While Muslims often depicted Jews as 'fearful' or 'weak,' this perception shifted dramatically during the Six-Day War, when Jews were seen as 'courageous' and 'strong.' This transformation disrupted Muslim societal norms, which associated emigration with a lack of virility. The research, based on oral histories from both communities, shows that the memory of these events remains fragmented and sensitive, with Muslims suppressing recollections of two young Jews murdered in 1967 in Meknes. The study argues that the departure of a historic component of Moroccan society has left an enduring emotional wound, with Jewish narratives oscillating between fear and nostalgia.

Dynamics of Sundarban estuarine ecosystem: eutrophication induced threat to mangroves

The Sundarbans — 2010 — WHEFCD768192F

Eutrophication poses a significant threat to the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest and only tiger habitat. A 2010 study revealed that high nutrient levels, particularly during winter, led to eutrophic conditions (Chlorophyll-a ≥10 μg/L), which negatively impacted phytoplankton biomass and species diversity. The research identified diatoms as the dominant phytoplankton group, with 46 taxa recorded across six groups. Key findings included the presence of bio-indicator species such as Polykrikos schwartzil and Dinophysis norvegica, signaling moderately polluted water quality. The study also highlighted that high salinity levels (21.2PSU) in May favored more resilient phytoplankton species. These insights underscore the deteriorating marine status of the Sundarban estuary, which threatens the ecology of this UNESCO World Heritage Site and raises concerns about the sustainability of its mangroves.

Early and Middle Woodland Earthwork Enclosures in Iowa

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks — 2010 — WHE5002002785

Research reveals that earthen enclosures, typically associated with the Early Woodland Adena complex and Middle Woodland Hopewell Interaction Sphere in the eastern U.S., also extend westward to Iowa. At least five such enclosures in eastern Iowa exhibit characteristics akin to those of Adena and Hopewell, including size, non-defensive function, and association with ritual areas like burial mounds. This suggests that while the Mississippi River valley may have marked the western limit of these ceremonial structures, their cultural significance likely extended more broadly across the region.

Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage: Application to a museum located in the Alto Douro Wine Region World Heritage Site

Alto Douro Wine Region — 2010 — WHE1F4F301095

A museum's cultural value within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Alto Douro Wine Region is positively influenced by visitors' educational level and gender, while negatively affected by travel costs. This insight emerged from applying the travel cost method—a non-market valuation technique—to analyze demand for the Museum of Lamego. Researchers used a Poisson model to quantify these relationships, revealing that higher education and female visitors are more likely to engage with cultural heritage, whereas travel expenses deter participation. The study underscores the importance of indirect economic valuation methods in assessing intangible assets like museums, which lack market transactions but drive territorial development through spillover effects.

Ecotourism: The Modern Predator? Implications of Gorilla Tourism on Local Livelihoods in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2010 — WHE014A43847D

Ecotourism, often hailed as a tool for conservation and local development, may instead perpetuate poverty and dependency in nearby communities. A study analyzing gorilla tourism's impact on rural villagers adjacent to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, reveals that the commodification of wilderness for foreign visitors shifts control to international organizations, creating new forms of vulnerability rather than alleviating hardship. Through a year of ethnographic fieldwork, the research exposes how ecotourism's 'new' relations between people and parks often reinforce existing power imbalances.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on seedlings and conspecific trees of Pinus mugo grown on the coastal dunes of the Curonian Spit in Lithuania

Curonian Spit — 2010 — WHE0C0ABCE622

A study on the Curonian Spit, Lithuania, reveals that Pinus mugo, a non-native tree species thriving in harsh coastal dunes, forms ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with a low but consistent fungal diversity. Molecular analysis identified 12 ECM taxa across three study sites, with Cenococcum geophilum dominating both seedlings and mature trees, though more abundantly on seedlings. Shannon's diversity indices indicated slightly higher diversity in mature trees. While mycorrhizal communities were similar across sites, subtle differences emerged between seedlings and mature trees. The study also highlighted discrepancies between below-ground ECM diversity and aboveground fruiting body surveys, emphasizing the need for comprehensive sampling methods to accurately assess fungal symbionts. These findings suggest P. mugo's adaptability in distinct habitats, supported by a stable suite of ECM symbionts that facilitate growth and natural regeneration.

Effects of artificial lights and moonlight on petrels at St Kilda

St Kilda — 2010 — WHE6E9FCB395A

Artificial lights at St Kilda attract petrels, particularly when moonlight is scarce, but deliberate light reduction measures significantly decrease this attraction and its negative impacts. The study found that while reductions in artificial lighting effectively lowered the number of Leach's Storm-petrels drawn to lights, their effect on Manx Shearwaters was less pronounced. Mortality rates were extremely low, with only juveniles affected, primarily after nights with minimal moonlight. Although the overall numbers of petrels attracted were small compared to breeding populations, light reduction measures remained beneficial in preventing disorientation and grounding during fledging periods. This phenomenon is rare in other UK breeding areas, highlighting St Kilda's unique vulnerability.

Efficient, large‐scale archaeological prospection using a true three‐dimensional ground‐penetrating Radar Array system

Birka and Hovgården — 2010 — WHE650BE38761

A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) array system demonstrated the capability to conduct high-resolution, large-scale archaeological surveys at unprecedented speed and resolution. The true three-dimensional MIRA system surveyed 1 hectare or more per day with an 8 cm cross-line spacing, revealing fine details such as postholes of only 25 cm diameter at Birka, a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in Sweden. This pilot study, conducted in collaboration with the Swedish National Heritage Board, showcased the potential of advanced GPR technology for efficient and detailed archaeological prospection at complex Scandinavian sites.