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Publications

Showing 621 – 640 of 15962 publications

Investigating Failure Mechanisms in Historical and Modern Wrought Irons During Tensile Testing with Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Imaging

Blenheim Palace — 2026 — WHE5C1E0019AD

Historical wrought irons exhibit distinct failure mechanisms compared to modern counterparts, primarily driven by microstructural defects such as transverse slags and voids. A study analyzing 14th-, 18th-, and 20th-century irons through tensile testing, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, digital image correlation, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-CT revealed three key failure modes: plastic deformation (35–87 kHz), debonding (125–156 kHz), and fracture (197–298 kHz). Modern irons displayed ductile failures with post-yield plasticity, while historical specimens showed defect-driven failures marked by localized strain concentrations. These findings highlight how micro-mechanical processes influence macro-scale mechanical properties, offering insights into the durability of heritage materials like those used in Blenheim Palace.

Investigating Geometrical Granite Landscapes: A Comparative Framework, with Case Studies from California and Montana

Matobo Hills — 2026 — WHEEABCF62E14

Granite landscapes can sometimes mimic human construction with features like planar faces, right-angle intersections, and stepped terraces. While some of these forms are naturally occurring due to joint-controlled weathering, others may indicate human modification. This study introduces a comparative framework to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic origins, using an eight-category morphological typology (Types A-H) applied to case studies from California (Three Rivers and Kirch Flat) and Montana, alongside global comparanda such as Sardinia, Great Zimbabwe, and Yosemite. The research avoids definitive conclusions about the sites' origins but highlights their significance for future investigation. By defining testable predictions and operational classification thresholds, it provides a method to systematically analyze granite landforms, bridging geological processes and archaeological inquiry.

Investigating high pathogenicity avian influenza virus incursions to remote islands: detection of H5N1 on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean

Gough and Inaccessible Islands — 2026 — WHEA019F7DA99

Scientists detected high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in three Tristan skua carcasses on Gough Island, a remote UNESCO World Heritage Site in the South Atlantic. Genomic analysis revealed that the strain was more closely related to one found in South Georgia than southern Africa, suggesting potential transmission during the birds' pre-laying exodus into frontal waters south of the island. The study combined genomic data with global tracking records from seabirds, highlighting the role of migratory scavengers like skuas as vectors for long-distance virus spread. While no further cases were confirmed on Gough Island, researchers emphasize the need for systematic monitoring and biosecurity measures to mitigate risks to globally significant seabird populations.

Investigating the impact of the Iraqi film industry on attracting foreign tourists

Erbil Citadel — 2026 — WHEF1EDC7DFA1

Films significantly boost tourism to Erbil Citadel, one of Iraq's oldest heritage sites dating back 6000 B.C., by enhancing the country's positive image and travel motivation. A study found that 'Film Influence' directly impacts tourist behavior (β = 0.72), with films effectively promoting cultural attractions and strengthening Iraq's tourism brand. The research, combining quantitative surveys of 100 international tourists and qualitative interviews with industry experts, used SPSS and PLS-SEM for data analysis. Experts highlighted films as a key driver in stimulating visitation and marketing heritage sites. Policymakers are advised to leverage film production, develop infrastructure, and create targeted campaigns to harness this strategic tool for tourism growth.

Investigation of Anthrax Outbreak in Wildlife of Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park and Adjacent Communities-Livingstone District, Zambia, October-November 2025

Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls — 2026 — WHECB707B19F5

An anthrax outbreak in Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, Zambia, was confirmed through tissue sampling, revealing high case fatality rates (43.9%) among captive lions and delayed public health responses. The study used descriptive epidemiology, spatial mapping with QGIS, and structured questionnaires to assess knowledge and practices. Findings highlighted significant delays in detection, notification, and response, along with risky community behaviors such as handling contaminated meat. Recommendations include multisectoral engagement for safe carcass disposal to mitigate future outbreaks.

Investigation on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation inside the Great Pyramid

Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur — 2026 — WHE1A8A76E03D

A study on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation within the Great Pyramid of Giza reveals complex challenges in imaging its inner structure due to irregular rock block formations and surface gaps, which disrupt clear signal transmission. Researchers conducted field experiments from 2018 onward, using EM wave transmission to investigate the pyramid's interior. Despite these obstacles, the study highlights the potential and limitations of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in probing such intricate rock structures, offering insights into the pyramid's construction techniques and internal composition.

Iranian Urban and Regional Caravanserais: Processes of Change and Strategies for Future Revitalization

The Persian Caravanserai — 2026 — WHE0030A53FD2

Iranian caravanserais, recognized as part of UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2023, exhibit divergent evolutionary trajectories that challenge traditional conservation approaches. Regional caravanserais have transitioned into heritage and tourism destinations, while urban ones like the Vakil Caravanserai in Kerman have maintained commercial functionality through adaptive reuse. This study reveals that effective future conservation requires network-based, typology-sensitive strategies integrating heritage preservation, urban morphology, and adaptive reuse to sustain regional development and preserve the historical continuity of the Silk Roads. The research employs a historical-interpretative methodology, analyzing documentary sources, UNESCO documentation, historical maps, and architectural analysis to uncover these processes.

İslam Sanatında İmge / Image In Islamic Art

Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği — 2026 — WHE40B4E7A3FB

Islamic art embodies a unique aesthetic paradigm distinct from other traditions, rooted in mathematical order, fractal structures, and cosmic continuity. The study introduces the concept of 'Spiritual Haptic Space,' arguing that Islamic art transcends traditional dimensionality by using lines as fractal modulators to represent life and truth, rather than merely depicting it. This is demonstrated through examples like the Divriği Great Mosque's geometric designs and calligraphy, which align with Kant's 'purposiveness without purpose' and minimalist artistic practices. The research also explores how contemporary art can reinterpret Islamic art's participatory, collective aesthetic, suggesting a dynamic, interactive approach to visual expression.

Island treasures: Macroalgae from a marine national park in the Bijagós Archipelago (Guinea-Bissau)

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô — 2026 — WHE2E744B3A7F

A pioneering survey of marine macroalgae in the João Vieira e Poilão Marine National Park, a UNESCO-listed site within Guinea-Bissau’s Bijagós Archipelago, reveals 16 species, including 11 new to the country. The study, leveraging morphological and molecular analysis (plastid LSU UPA barcode), highlights the park’s biodiversity richness, particularly among mangrove-associated red algae of the genus Bostrychia, which accounted for five identified species. These findings suggest that the archipelago’s macroalgal diversity is significantly higher than previously documented, with newly recorded taxa representing approximately 25% of Guinea-Bissau’s known macroalgae. The research underscores the ecological importance of this protected marine area and provides a foundation for future biodiversity assessments.

Isolated in the highlands, found in the museum: A new species of Characidium (Crenuchidae) from a Bolivian National Park, with a CT scan revealing features

Noel Kempff Mercado National Park — 2026 — WHE7A945E64F3

Researchers have uncovered a new species of Characidium fish within the isolated highland rivers of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia. This discovery, documented through computed tomography (CT) scans, reveals distinctive features such as a broad dark midlateral stripe and unique osteological traits in the Weberian apparatus, previously undocumented in the genus. The species' isolation on the Huanchaca Meseta is linked to geomorphological processes that shaped its habitat. This finding underscores the hidden biodiversity of poorly explored Neotropical protected areas.

Isolation and Identification of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Degrading Bacteria from the Lut Desert, Iran

Lut Desert — 2026 — WHEAA746E6AC3

Researchers have identified high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-degrading bacteria from the Lut Desert, Iran, demonstrating significant biodegradation potential. Among 50 bacterial isolates, six showed over 40% surface hydrophobicity and reduced HDPE weight by up to 47% after 60 days—far exceeding non-biological controls. The study confirmed the presence of degradation-related genes (cotA, alkB, phoD) and detected intermediate metabolites like alkanes (C10–C20), hexanoic acid, and benzaldehyde via GC-MS analysis. This suggests that extremophile bacteria in arid environments may play a crucial role in plastic biodegradation, offering potential for bioremediation strategies.

Jaladwara: Rainwater Management and the Application of Mitigation Knowledge at Prambanan Temple Complex

Prambanan Temple Compounds — 2026 — WHE9E2E5C11A4

Research at the Prambanan Temple Complex reveals that the ancient Hindu-Buddhist architecture incorporated sophisticated rainwater management systems, exemplified by the jaladwara—a drainage channel and bathing pool feature. This discovery underscores the vital role of water (tirtha amerta) in classical-era society, challenging conventional archaeological studies by integrating hydrological analysis with landscape archaeology. The study innovatively reconstructs past water management practices, offering new insights into how local irrigation knowledge was applied in temple architecture, particularly regarding the form and function of jaladwara structures.

Japan's Mining Heritage in Dispute

Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining — 2026 — WHEEA233C66FD

Japan's efforts to promote its Meiji Industrial Revolution and Sado Island Gold Mines as UNESCO World Heritage Sites have sparked significant controversy in East Asia, highlighting the complex and contested nature of historical narratives. The study reveals that while these designations aim to showcase Japan's cultural heritage, they provoke intense criticism from regional stakeholders, particularly South Korea, due to their association with imperial legacies and wartime history. Despite not directly threatening physical preservation, such disputes perpetuate conflicts and challenge the sustainability of heritage sites when interpreted unilaterally. The research suggests that fostering a plural understanding of contested histories is crucial for ensuring the long-term viability of these sites.

John Wood’s Essay Towards a Description of the City of Bath

City of Bath — 2026 — WHEBC6E1F74EC

A misleading account of John Wood the Elder’s influential work, An Essay Towards a Description of the City of Bath, has been corrected. This 18th-century text, though antiquarian theories were often absurd, shaped the Georgian cityscape and contributed to Bath’s designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study clarifies the bibliographical history, addressing errors introduced by 19th-century scholars Upcott and Lowndes. By analyzing primary sources and historical records, the research restores accuracy to the scholarly record, ensuring proper recognition of Wood’s architectural legacy.

K3) From Sacred Landscape to Pilgrimage Environment: The Case of Monte San Giorgio and Mendrisio

Monte San Giorgio — 2026 — WHEB96B55730C

A novel process-based approach to pilgrimage landscapes reveals that sacred sites like Monte San Giorgio and Mendrisio can evolve into contemporary pilgrimage environments, even when formal participation declines. This transformation occurs through heritage activation, reconnecting ecological awareness, community memory, and spiritual experience—rather than competitive destination promotion. The study highlights the persistence of ritual practices, slow mobility, and cross-border traditions (e.g., Sacri Monti) in postsecular communities, offering a sustainable model for heritage tourism that balances cultural preservation with experiential engagement.

Kairouan Manuscript Cultures / Cultures des manuscrits à Kairouan

Kairouan — 2026 — WHEF68CD5D43D

The Kairouan Collection, housed at the National Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Parchment and Manuscripts in Raqqada, Tunisia, represents one of the oldest near-intact collections of Islamic manuscripts globally, with many dating back before 900 CE. This collection offers a rare opportunity to study the evolution and use of Islamic manuscripts over a millennium, supported by historical records from early Kairouan scholars and colonial-era documentation. The study provides unprecedented insights into the cultural and intellectual history of the region, bridging gaps between ancient manuscript traditions and modern scholarly inquiry.

Karst record of Holocene climate and human-induced changes in surface processes in the northern Apennines of Italy

Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines — 2026 — WHED4A3813FEA

A new study reveals that human land-use changes, particularly the slash-and-burn technique practiced since the Copper Age, significantly increased soil erosion and sediment flux into karst systems in the northern Apennines of Italy. The research, conducted on sediments from Tana della Mussina Cave (TdMC), shows that clastic sedimentation surged after 5500 years BP due to deforestation, leading to higher charcoal and heated soil remnants in the cave's deposits. This finding underscores early human impact on Earth's Critical Zone processes, with implications for understanding long-term environmental changes. The study combines sediment analysis, speleothem records, and archaeological evidence to reconstruct Holocene hydrological and anthropogenic influences on karst dynamics.

Kasper Pilemand

Ilulissat Icefjord — 2026 — WHE7BF8CD0FE7

Kasper Pilemand, a prominent figure in the architecture studio Dorte Mandrup, has significantly contributed to the design of culturally impactful and public buildings that deeply engage with their local communities. His expertise lies in navigating complex building designs within sensitive environments, as demonstrated by his work on renowned projects such as the Ilulissat Icefjord Centre, Wadden Sea Centre, Nunavut Inuit Heritage Centre, and The Whale. Pilemand's approach combines thorough analysis with ingenuity, ensuring that each project not only meets architectural standards but also resonates with its cultural context. His involvement in a diverse portfolio of museums, exhibition spaces, and visitor centers underscores his ability to adapt to varied challenges while maintaining a high degree of creativity and precision.

Kaveh the Blacksmith: An Archaeological and Textual Analysis of an Eastern Iranian Uprising

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley — 2026 — WHE8CBBE78C0A

A multidisciplinary analysis reveals that the myth of Kaveh the Blacksmith, who leads an uprising against the tyrant Zahhak in Iranian tradition, is rooted in the eastern Iranian world, specifically the sacred Avestan geography of Airyanem Vaejah (modern Hazarajat, Afghanistan). This study links the narrative to the Helmand Civilization and ancient Drangiana, demonstrating its origins in agricultural-pastoral communities rather than as a late Sasanian invention. By integrating archaeological evidence from Bamiyan Valley, textual analysis of the Shahnameh, and linguistic examination, researchers trace Kaveh's leather apron—later adopted as the Derafsh-e Kaviani royal standard—to its destruction by Arab forces at al-Qadisiyyah. The findings highlight the narrative's deep connection to early Iranian oral traditions and sacred geography.

Kesh Vohasidagi Qoyatoshi Tasvirlarida Aks Etgan Qolizlarning Semantik Talqini va Ibtidoiy Diniy Tasavvurlar

Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas — 2026 — WHE3546A177CA

A comparative analysis of hand prints and primitive religious imagery at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas reveals deep connections to ancient initiation rites, fertility beliefs, and healing traditions. These findings align with global Stone Age art from sites like Altamira and Chauvet, suggesting a universal cultural practice that persists in oasis communities today. The study employs a comparative-historical method, contrasting local rock art with well-documented examples to uncover semantic patterns and ritual significance.