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Showing 12521 – 12540 of 28097 publications

Interactions between the imperiled West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA

Everglades National Park — 2020 — WHEEDEE2409AD

Researchers have documented the first evidence of direct interactions between mosquitoes and an aquatic mammal, the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), in Everglades National Park. Observations revealed that mosquitoes from three genera—Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex—can locate and land on surface-active manatees, penetrating their epidermis with mouthparts. While it remains unclear if blood meals are successfully taken, the findings suggest a potential pathway for marine mammals to be exposed to mosquito-vectored pathogens, such as arboviruses, through viral inoculation during probing. This discovery raises concerns about emerging health threats to threatened species like the manatee, which could be impacted by diseases typically associated with terrestrial or semi-aquatic hosts.

Interannual summer mixing processes in the Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland

Ilulissat Icefjord — 2020 — WHEBDDE14F3B0

Enhanced oceanic mixing at the deep sill of Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland, promotes upward heat and salt transport from subsurface layers to the surface mixed layer. This process, quantified using Thorpe scale analysis of density inversions from summer research cruises (2009–2017), revealed diapycnal diffusivity reaching up to 1×10⁻³.⁵ m²/s⁻¹—significantly higher than global ocean averages. The strongest mixing occurred in 2013, while the weakest was observed in 2016, correlating with glacier melting conditions and ice melange dynamics. Low melange concentrations increased ventilation, facilitating intrusions of Polar and Irminger waters that disrupted water column stability, reducing diffusive convection. These findings suggest that water intrusions from Disko Bay may influence the stability of Jakobshavn Isbræ Glacier, offering critical insights into fjord-glacier interactions.

Interdisciplinary Dating of Utrish Seismic Dislocations: Localization of the Source of a Strong Historical Earthquake in the Western Caucasus

Western Caucasus — 2020 — WHE1343CD7D80

A strong historical earthquake, likely with a magnitude of MW ≈ 6.9, struck the Western Caucasus region between the 12th and 13th centuries, according to an interdisciplinary study combining paleoseismological, archaeological, and dendrochronological evidence. The seismic source was localized in the Utrish Fault zone along the Abrau Peninsula coast, marking a significant contribution to seismic hazard assessments for the area. This finding underscores the seismogenic role of the fault, providing critical insights into the region's tectonic activity and historical earthquake risks.

Intermediary Role Of Nostalgia Tendency In The Effect Of Electronic Word Of Mouth Communication On Tourists' Destination Visit Intentions

City of Safranbolu — 2020 — WHEFA71918148

Electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) communication significantly influences tourists' intentions to visit Safranbolu, a UNESCO World Heritage City. Nostalgia tendencies partially mediate this effect, suggesting that sentimental attachment to the past plays a key role in shaping destination preferences. The study used a survey of 402 travel enthusiasts and applied structural equation modeling with SPSS analysis to reveal these relationships. Findings highlight how E-WOM can leverage nostalgia to enhance travel intentions, offering insights for tourism marketing strategies.

International Significance of the Republic of Kazakhstan State Program “Cultural Heritage”

Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi — 2020 — WHE2FA83C2AE7

Kazakhstan's state program 'Cultural Heritage' has achieved international significance through strategic integration of cultural, scientific, and educational institutions, backed by legislative and financial support. The program positions Kazakhstan's historic-cultural heritage, including the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and the city of Turkestan, as global brands. Its success is attributed to interdisciplinary research on heritage assimilation, digitalization efforts, and active cooperation with UNESCO, particularly through initiatives like the Silk Roads Project. The study highlights the program's innovative approach to consolidating national heritage for educational and tourism purposes, drawing attention from scientists worldwide and offering a model for other nations.

Interpretasi Relief Gandawyuha di Candi Borobudur

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2020 — WHEF5CCF83107

A comprehensive analysis of the Gandawyuha reliefs at Borobudur Temple Compound reveals rich narratives that encapsulate Buddhist teachings and cultural practices from 8th to 10th century Java. These reliefs, totaling 460 panels across corridors II to IV, depict Sudhana's journey and interactions with wise mentors (Kalyanamitra), offering insights into ancient Javanese society, spirituality, and environmental values. The study identified 128 key panels in corridor II, highlighting themes such as divine love for nature, responsibility, resilience, and collaboration—qualities that serve as educational tools for character development. By combining photographic data with secondary sources, researchers systematically interpreted these reliefs to extract moral and cultural lessons, providing a novel framework for understanding Borobudur's historical and pedagogical significance.

Interpretation of traces of hypothetical quincha walls in Samaipata

Fuerte de Samaipata — 2020 — WHE177BEBAF5E

Computer simulations reveal that hypothetical quincha walls, likely used for structural purposes at the Fuerte de Samaipata UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bolivia, could indeed withstand the site's strong winds. The study employed 3D laser scanning and finite element method (FEM) analysis to model and assess the structural stability of these walls, which are inferred from rows of small circular holes drilled into the rock. This research challenges previous doubts about their resilience, providing new insights into the construction techniques of pre-Hispanic cultures that developed around this sacred rock over 1200 years.

Interpreting heritage canals from the perspective of historical events: a case study of the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, China

West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou — 2020 — WHECB7A699D4F

Research reveals how heritage canals, exemplified by the Hangzhou section of China's Grand Canal, shape cultural landscapes through historical events. By classifying events into three types and mapping related architectural works and places, the study identifies key elements that define the canal's core values. It further explores how these elements interact to form a network, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the canal's role in its landscape system. This approach offers a framework for conservation strategies and urban design, ensuring the preservation of heritage canals' cultural significance.

Interpreting Islamic Dream Books of the Cairo Genizah

Historic Cairo — 2020 — WHEE81DD8768C

A groundbreaking analysis of the Cairo Genizah reveals its untapped potential as a source for understanding Islamic intellectual history, particularly through the study of dream interpretation manuals. While previous research has predominantly focused on Jewish thought, this study highlights the significance of Judeo-Arabic dream books from the pre-modern period, demonstrating their relevance to both Jewish and Islamic epistemologies. The research, rooted in doctoral work, employs a synoptic edition of texts, including a case study of the Taʿbīr al-ruʾyā attributed to al-Kirmānī, to illustrate the literary history and compositional legacy preserved in these manuscripts. This approach not only enriches our understanding of dream interpretation traditions but also underscores the Genizah's broader contributions to the intellectual landscape of the medieval Near East.

Interpreting mortuary treatment from histological bone diagenesis: A case study from Neolithic Çatalhöyük

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2020 — WHE4BDBCC9D4E

A groundbreaking study reveals differential mortuary practices at the Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük, Anatolia, Turkey. Through histological examination of bacterial microbioerosion in human bones, researchers identified significant differences in bone preservation between juveniles and adults, suggesting varied burial treatments based on age. The analysis of 162 individuals using polarized light microscopy showed no gender-based variations in bacterial microbioerosion but highlighted distinct preservation patterns linked to age-specific mortuary practices. This study underscores the potential of histological taphonomy in uncovering nuanced social and cultural behaviors from ancient sites, offering new insights into Neolithic burial customs.

Intertidal Bathymetry Extraction with Multispectral Images: A Logistic Regression Approach

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô — 2020 — WHE74FE46C88A

A novel methodology for estimating intertidal bathymetry using multispectral remote sensing images demonstrates superior accuracy compared to existing techniques. By modeling the temporal variability of near-infrared (IR) reflectance with a sigmoid function, researchers can derive pixel elevation without requiring additional depth data for calibration. This approach, validated in the Tagus river estuary and the Bijagós archipelago, achieves a standard deviation of 0.34 m and outperforms the Stumpf ratio transform algorithm. The resulting intertidal digital elevation models (DEMs) offer 10-meter spatial resolution, enabling automated updates to cartographic data and enhancing monitoring of intertidal dynamics. This method holds significant potential for morphodynamic modeling and environmental assessments in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Bijagós Archipelago.

Intertidal sedimentary dynamics in Mont-Saint-Michel bay, a study of its natural evolution and man-made modifications

Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay — 2020 — WHE4263AE6ECC

Mont-Saint-Michel Bay exhibits dynamic sedimentary processes shaped by tidal and swell interactions, leading to the migration of coarse bioclastic sands at rates of several dozen meters per year. These sands accumulate on upper tidal flats, forming a relatively stable but non-continuous coastal barrier composed of large shell banks. The eastern part of the bay, an estuarine zone, shows constrained morpho-dynamics due to shifting channels, while sedimentary accretion around Mont-Saint-Michel varies from 0.2 to 10 cm/year, depending on the salt marsh front's context. Salt marshes advance at approximately 17 hectares per year, contributing to the bay's gradual infilling over millennia. Human activities, such as fixed fisheries, shellfish farming, polder formation, and dike construction, have further altered the landscape, with historical reconstructions providing insight into these changes.

Introduced land mammals and their impacts on the birds of the subantarctic Auckland Islands

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2020 — WHEB9D4A8C969

Introduced land mammals have significantly impacted the bird populations of the subantarctic Auckland Islands. Since European discovery, at least ten species established themselves, leading to habitat transformation and ecosystem alterations. Cattle, goats, pigs, and rabbits were particularly destructive, suppressing tussock and woody vegetation across multiple islands. Cats and pigs are notably responsible for the extirpation or major reduction of surface-nesting seabird colonies and ground-nesting land birds on Auckland Island. Mice have also altered invertebrate community composition, affecting wētā and large weevils. The study highlights that eradication efforts, such as those targeting pigs, cats, and mice from Auckland Island, could potentially remove the last introduced mammals from the New Zealand subantarctic region, offering a pathway to restore native bird populations.

Introducing historical landscape in the cultural heritage conservation through the example of the Tokaj wine region in Hungary

Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape — 2020 — WHE676FF7E8ED

The Tokaj Wine Region in Hungary stands as the sole legally recognized historical landscape in the country, offering a unique model for cultural heritage conservation. This designation, established in 2012, aims to preserve both the built and natural environment along with traditional land use practices, elevating the region's protection status. While the Tokaj Wine Region is already inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List since 2002 and recognized as a priority development and touristic area by the national government, the study highlights the potential of the historical landscape concept to transform territorial planning and development narratives. The research analyzes the institutional process that led to this recognition, focusing on the integration of 'historical landscape' as a new object of protection in Hungary's heritage conservation framework. It explores the contrast between social inequality and the prestige of the wine sector, providing insights into the broader implications for heritage management.

Introduction au dossier

Dougga / Thugga — 2020 — WHEFD984BB4E3

A groundbreaking study at Dougga, Tunisia, reveals that crémations of perinatal animals alongside caprinés and plant offerings persisted in the sacred area of Baal Hammon – Saturne until 80 AD. This challenges previous assumptions about burial practices at this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The research also highlights a high level of Hellenistic cultural influence among Numidian artisans, evidenced by new architectural forms such as a turriform mausoleum and circular bazinas. Additionally, the study provides preliminary insights into collective burial practices involving children and adults, with ceramic analysis dating pre-Roman burials from the late 4th to the 1st century BC. The findings integrate anthropological data with epigraphic evidence for the first time at Dougga, offering a multidisciplinary perspective on funerary customs spanning from the Hellenistic period to the mid-3rd century AD.

Introduction of the Archimedean Screw Pump to East Asia during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Sado Island Gold Mines — 2020 — WHE44974E6746

A key insight from this study is the early adoption of the Archimedean screw pump for gold mining on Sado Island, Japan, as early as 1637, predating its widespread use elsewhere in East Asia. The research reveals that this technology was introduced through Jesuit efforts, notably by Sabatino de Ursis and Xu Guangqi, who published Hydraulic Methods of the Far West (1612), China's first book on Western water-lifting devices. While limited in impact in China and Korea, the screw pump became crucial for draining mines in Sado Island, a fact only recognized in the West in the late 1800s via hand-colored scrolls detailing Japanese mining practices. The study reconstructs this historical transmission by analyzing these scrolls against the manufacturing instructions from the 1612 text.

Introduction: Museums and Monuments: Memorials of Violent Pasts in Urban Spaces

ESMA Museum and Site of Memory – Former Clandestine Centre of Detention, Torture and Extermination — 2020 — WHE41B1D4BA05

This study reveals that memorialization practices in urban spaces are significantly influenced by transnational perspectives and cosmopolitan memory, which shape how contested histories are represented and debated. It explores the role of museums and monuments as political tools that construct historical narratives through preservation, education, and public exhibition, often reflecting complex social dynamics and power struggles. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, analyzing case studies from Europe and the Americas to examine theoretical and methodological frameworks in memory studies. Key questions addressed include the motivations behind portraying contested history, the impact of transnational influences on memorialization practices, and how political forces and civil society activists shape public debates about representing a violent past.

Introduction: The “Cultural Democratic Revolution” of Evo Morales

Historic City of Sucre — 2020 — WHEB9ACA4FA8B

In 2006, Bolivia's Constituent Assembly marked a pivotal moment in the country's political history by redefining its constitutional framework to reflect indigenous representation and decolonization. The assembly, convened under President Evo Morales, represented a significant shift from centuries of white-mestizo dominance, with 225 delegates—many indigenous—participating in a historic event that symbolized the 'cultural democratic revolution.' The resulting 2009 constitution declared Bolivia a plurinational state, granting indigenous peoples rights to autonomy, self-government, and cultural recognition. This study captures the significance of this transition, highlighting how indigenous voices reshaped national identity and governance through constitutional reform.

Introduction. Colonialism, Tourism and Place

Medina of Tunis — 2020 — WHE6381A2E363

This introductory chapter reveals the persistent and evolving connections between colonialism and tourism, demonstrating how these dynamics continue to shape global destinations today. It argues that cultural and economic practices of coloniality are continuously updated and reproduced by tourism producers across various locations, from staged weddings in Mauritius to curated walks through UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Medina of Tunis. The analysis highlights the importance of exploring linkages between historical foundations, local practices, and globalizing discourses of tourist exploitation over time. By providing a close reading of the colonialism-tourism complex, the chapter offers pathways to understand the relationships between the colonial past and the neo-liberal present.

Introduction. Modernization of Public Spaces in Lithuanian Cities

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 — 2020 — WHEE98DF3DC4A

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919–1939 reveals how Soviet-era modernist urbanization reshaped the social-spatial dynamics of Lithuanian cities—Kaunas, Klaipėda, and Vilnius—through revolutionary spatial configurations. The study employs interdisciplinary network theory and mathematical models to demonstrate that modernist urbanism did not merely alter public space usage but fundamentally redefined city functionality as a whole. By analyzing transformations from 1939 to 2016, the research highlights how these changes reflected broader social and spatial evolution under Soviet influence.