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Publications

Showing 12561 – 12580 of 15962 publications

Introduction au dossier

Dougga / Thugga — 2020 — WHEFD984BB4E3

A groundbreaking study at Dougga, Tunisia, reveals that crémations of perinatal animals alongside caprinés and plant offerings persisted in the sacred area of Baal Hammon – Saturne until 80 AD. This challenges previous assumptions about burial practices at this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The research also highlights a high level of Hellenistic cultural influence among Numidian artisans, evidenced by new architectural forms such as a turriform mausoleum and circular bazinas. Additionally, the study provides preliminary insights into collective burial practices involving children and adults, with ceramic analysis dating pre-Roman burials from the late 4th to the 1st century BC. The findings integrate anthropological data with epigraphic evidence for the first time at Dougga, offering a multidisciplinary perspective on funerary customs spanning from the Hellenistic period to the mid-3rd century AD.

Introduction of the Archimedean Screw Pump to East Asia during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Sado Island Gold Mines — 2020 — WHE44974E6746

A key insight from this study is the early adoption of the Archimedean screw pump for gold mining on Sado Island, Japan, as early as 1637, predating its widespread use elsewhere in East Asia. The research reveals that this technology was introduced through Jesuit efforts, notably by Sabatino de Ursis and Xu Guangqi, who published Hydraulic Methods of the Far West (1612), China's first book on Western water-lifting devices. While limited in impact in China and Korea, the screw pump became crucial for draining mines in Sado Island, a fact only recognized in the West in the late 1800s via hand-colored scrolls detailing Japanese mining practices. The study reconstructs this historical transmission by analyzing these scrolls against the manufacturing instructions from the 1612 text.

Introduction: Museums and Monuments: Memorials of Violent Pasts in Urban Spaces

ESMA Museum and Site of Memory – Former Clandestine Centre of Detention, Torture and Extermination — 2020 — WHE41B1D4BA05

This study reveals that memorialization practices in urban spaces are significantly influenced by transnational perspectives and cosmopolitan memory, which shape how contested histories are represented and debated. It explores the role of museums and monuments as political tools that construct historical narratives through preservation, education, and public exhibition, often reflecting complex social dynamics and power struggles. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, analyzing case studies from Europe and the Americas to examine theoretical and methodological frameworks in memory studies. Key questions addressed include the motivations behind portraying contested history, the impact of transnational influences on memorialization practices, and how political forces and civil society activists shape public debates about representing a violent past.

Introduction: The “Cultural Democratic Revolution” of Evo Morales

Historic City of Sucre — 2020 — WHEB9ACA4FA8B

In 2006, Bolivia's Constituent Assembly marked a pivotal moment in the country's political history by redefining its constitutional framework to reflect indigenous representation and decolonization. The assembly, convened under President Evo Morales, represented a significant shift from centuries of white-mestizo dominance, with 225 delegates—many indigenous—participating in a historic event that symbolized the 'cultural democratic revolution.' The resulting 2009 constitution declared Bolivia a plurinational state, granting indigenous peoples rights to autonomy, self-government, and cultural recognition. This study captures the significance of this transition, highlighting how indigenous voices reshaped national identity and governance through constitutional reform.

Introduction. Colonialism, Tourism and Place

Medina of Tunis — 2020 — WHE6381A2E363

This introductory chapter reveals the persistent and evolving connections between colonialism and tourism, demonstrating how these dynamics continue to shape global destinations today. It argues that cultural and economic practices of coloniality are continuously updated and reproduced by tourism producers across various locations, from staged weddings in Mauritius to curated walks through UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Medina of Tunis. The analysis highlights the importance of exploring linkages between historical foundations, local practices, and globalizing discourses of tourist exploitation over time. By providing a close reading of the colonialism-tourism complex, the chapter offers pathways to understand the relationships between the colonial past and the neo-liberal present.

Introduction. Modernization of Public Spaces in Lithuanian Cities

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 — 2020 — WHEE98DF3DC4A

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919–1939 reveals how Soviet-era modernist urbanization reshaped the social-spatial dynamics of Lithuanian cities—Kaunas, Klaipėda, and Vilnius—through revolutionary spatial configurations. The study employs interdisciplinary network theory and mathematical models to demonstrate that modernist urbanism did not merely alter public space usage but fundamentally redefined city functionality as a whole. By analyzing transformations from 1939 to 2016, the research highlights how these changes reflected broader social and spatial evolution under Soviet influence.

Invasive toads are close to but absent from Komodo National Park

Komodo National Park — 2020 — WHEA34022EF73

A survey conducted between February and April 2018 found no evidence of the invasive Asian toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) within Komodo National Park, despite its abundance on nearby Sumbawa Island. The study used Visual Encounter Surveys across Rinca Island, Komodo Island (both part of the park), Flores Island (Labuan Bajo and Cumbi village), and Sape (Sumbawa Island). While two amphibian species were recorded in Komodo National Park and seven across all locations, the invasive toad was absent from Flores but thrived in Sape. This suggests that while the park remains free of this potential ecological threat, vigilance is needed due to its proximity on Sumbawa Island.

Inventarisasi dan Potensi Jamur Makro di Kawasan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Banten

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2020 — WHE7B31B39611

A survey of macrofungi in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia, identified 98 species, with the majority (92) belonging to Basidiomycota. The study, conducted using path sampling methods across residential, forest, and mangrove zones, revealed significant potential for these fungi as food ingredients (28 species), medicinal resources (56 species), and mycorrhizal partners (5 species). Dominance of Basidiomycota suggests a rich diversity of ecologically and economically valuable fungal species in this UNESCO-listed protected area.

Investigating Neolithic Orkney: Archaeological Histories of Inquiry Regarding the Orcadian Neolithic

Heart of Neolithic Orkney — 2020 — WHE23F1F36968

The current understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic, a significant region in British Neolithic archaeology, is shaped by its historical socio-political context. This dissertation reveals that knowledge production about Orkney's Neolithic sites since World War II has been influenced by broader societal factors, rather than solely by disciplinary paradigms. By examining archaeological inquiry histories, it identifies how social contexts regulate discourse and the dissemination of knowledge within the discipline. The study challenges conventional narratives that dismiss social context in favor of paradigm development, offering a nuanced perspective on how archaeology inculcates members and produces authoritative interpretations.

Investigating seasonal color change in the environment by color analysis and information visualization

Palace and Park of Versailles — 2020 — WHE45E803042B

A novel approach combining color analysis and information visualization reveals distinct seasonal color change patterns across diverse environments, including the Palace and Park of Versailles. By leveraging crowdsourced Flickr photos from four gardens—Humble Administrator's Garden, Ryoanji, Versailles, and New York’s Central Park—the study identifies unique environmental characteristics and human perceptual experiences tied to seasonal shifts. This method offers a groundbreaking way to communicate color dynamics in landscape design and ecological research, providing direct comparisons that highlight both natural variations and cultural influences on visual perception.

Investigating the effects of nest shading on the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) hatchling phenotype in the Ogasawara islands using a field‐based split clutch experiment

Ogasawara Islands — 2020 — WHE419B9AD835

Conservation practices such as nest shading can significantly alter the phenotype of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings, potentially influencing their fitness. A study conducted on the Ogasawara Islands, an important rookery in the North Pacific, used a field-based split clutch experiment to investigate these effects. Researchers equally divided clutches and placed half under shaded conditions while the other half remained unshaded. Findings revealed that shading produced hatchlings with improved self-righting responses, larger carapace sizes, fewer nonmodal scute patterns, and smaller unabsorbed yolk sacs—indicating potential benefits to their survival. These results suggest that while shading may help mitigate the effects of global warming on sex ratios, its broader implications for hatchling fitness must be carefully considered.

Investigating the function of Pre-Pottery Neolithic stone troughs from Göbekli Tepe – An integrated approach

Göbekli Tepe — 2020 — WHE8B507C9E89

Stone troughs at Göbekli Tepe, the world's oldest known megalithic site, were used for cooking cereals, according to an integrated analysis combining contextual, use-wear, scientific, and experimental methods. The study examined around 600 fragmentary vessels, including large limestone troughs (up to 165 liters), coarsely made limestone vessels, finely executed platters, and 'greenstone' vessels. Findings suggest these troughs were central to early Neolithic food processing, providing new insights into the site's functional role beyond its ceremonial significance.

Investigating the Structure of Traditional, Contemporary and Post-Islamic Revolution Mosques via the Method of Space Syntax (Case Study: Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, University of Tehran Mosque, Al-Ghadir Mosque, Shahrak-e Gharb Mosque)

Masjed-e Jāmé of Isfahan — 2020 — WHEF51010C7C8

A comparative analysis of mosque spatial structures reveals distinct patterns in traditional, contemporary, and post-Islamic Revolution mosques. The study found that the Masjed-e Jāmé of Isfahan exhibits a high degree of spatial integration and accessibility, contrasting with more segmented designs observed in modern and post-revolutionary mosques. This was achieved through Space Syntax analysis, which quantifies how spaces are interconnected within courtyard layouts. The research highlights the evolution of mosque architecture, emphasizing how historical and political shifts influence spatial organization. These findings underscore the importance of spatial design in religious and social contexts.

Investigation and Optimisation of a Sidewalk Restoration Program in Human Transportation in an Ancient Sustainable City

Historic City of Yazd — 2020 — WHE9A80708FD8

Sidewalk conditions in Yazd are deteriorating with a condition index ranging from 55 to 70, indicating moderate distress. This study highlights the critical role of sidewalks in maintaining pedestrian dynamism and urban development, particularly in historic cities like Yazd, which attracts global tourism. To address this, researchers employed the SCI method—similar to the pavement condition index (PCI)—to assess sidewalk quality systematically. The findings underscore the urgent need for proactive restoration programs to prevent further decline and preserve Yazd's cultural and functional integrity.

Investigation of Dimension Stone on the Island Brač—Geophysical Approach to Rock Mass Quality Assessment

Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian — 2020 — WHE16ACB79E53

Research identifies key geophysical thresholds for high-quality dimension stone quarrying on the island of Brač, crucial for preserving the historical integrity of UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Split's Diocletian Palace. The study reveals that rock masses suitable for architectural stone must exhibit compressional seismic velocities over 3000 m/s, shear wave velocities above 1500 m/s, and electrical resistivity exceeding 3000 Ωm—factors significantly influenced by moisture content. Employing noninvasive methods such as MASW, SRS, ERT, and GPR, the research classifies rock mass quality into three categories, with GPR proving particularly effective in mapping fissured systems. These findings provide a scientific basis for sustainable quarrying practices that balance resource extraction with heritage conservation.

Investigation of Printed Copies of the Duplicate Woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana 2nd Edition in Haeinsa Temple and Analysis of Period of Manufacture.

Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks — 2020 — WHE7171EEA9C7

A new analysis of the Tripitaka Koreana's duplicate woodblocks, housed at Haeinsa Temple and inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, reveals that these blocks—numbering 211 in total—were likely produced in the mid-15th century. This finding refines previous historical estimates by examining 20 printed copies, distinguishing between unlined and lined woodblocks and analyzing Chinese character styles attributed to Jo Maengbu. The study suggests a possible connection to King Sejo of the Joseon Dynasty, though this remains speculative. By comparing printed copies from different periods, researchers aim to clarify the timeline of these significant cultural artifacts. Further examination of additional copies could provide deeper insights into their manufacturing history.

Investigations on the Fauna of Pyraloidea and Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of Nemrut Caldera Natural Monument

Nemrut Dağ — 2020 — WHE2AF3607C4E

A study conducted between May and October 2017 and 2018 has significantly expanded the known diversity of moth species (Lepidoptera) in Nemrut Caldera. Researchers identified 93 taxa belonging to Pyraloidea and 52 species of Geometridae, with 80 pyraloid and 40 geometrid species recorded for the first time in the region. This brings the total number of Pyraloidea species in Nemrut Caldera to 94 and Geometridae to 58, while also adding 20 new pyraloid and 21 geometrid species to the Bitlis province's biodiversity record. The findings highlight the rich but underexplored insect fauna of this unique volcanic landscape, emphasizing the importance of further studies in such ecologically significant areas.

Ironbridge Gorge Museum

Ironbridge Gorge — 2020 — WHE7FAFE22F51

Ironbridge Gorge Museum, the first recipient of the European Museum of the Year Award (EMYA) in 1977, stands as a pioneering model for preserving industrial heritage. It successfully integrated the operational Ironbridge, the world's first cast iron bridge, with a museum encompassing significant remnants of the Industrial Revolution while adopting sustainable business practices and consumer-focused approaches. This innovative model not only preserved a functional structure but also redefined 'industrial monuments,' a concept that predated the widespread recognition of 'industrial archaeology' in Europe. The museum's approach challenged traditional preservation methods, offering a new paradigm for interpreting heritage and funding museums, making it a groundbreaking example at the dawn of EMYA.

Is Foreign Aid Making A Difference? A Case Study of Sagarmatha National Park Forestry Project, Khumbu, Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2020 — WHEE75217ACDB

A community stakeholder approach reveals that foreign aid and NGO involvement in the Sagarmatha National Park Forestry Project (SNPFP) has had a positive impact on the Khumbu region of Nepal, particularly over its 30-year operation. The study highlights that local people are the most reliable indicators of project effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between communities, NGOs, and government for sustainable natural resource conservation and rural development. Key informant interviews were used to gauge experiences and perceptions, underscoring the need for localized insights in evaluating aid performance.

Island-wide Distribution of Japanese Macaques in Yakushima Revealed by Census Targeting Feces on Roads in 2017-2018

Yakushima — 2020 — WHE0C118A3F69

A comprehensive island-wide census of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima, conducted in 2017-2018, reveals significant population changes and spatial distribution patterns. The study found that macaques have largely disappeared around northern and eastern villages where hunting for pest control is practiced, despite no change in population trends in the south (also hunted) or west (hunting absent). Roadside feces surveys across 3308 segments identified negative impacts of farms, villages, and hunting on macaque presence. Spatial modeling showed that while farms and villages universally reduced macaque detection, hunting effects were localized to northern and eastern areas, and conifer plantations influenced the western region. The research suggests a shift in macaque behavior or population decline due to hunting pressure, with recommendations for alternative pest control measures like electric fences to mitigate crop damage.