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Showing 12601 – 12620 of 15962 publications

Khumbu Since 1950: Cultural, Landscape, and Climate Change in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. By Alton C. Byers

Sagarmatha National Park — 2020 — WHE4E43913EA4

A comprehensive assessment of the Sagarmatha National Park reveals significant transformations in its cultural, landscape, and climatic dimensions over seven decades. Alton C. Byers' work highlights how climate change has reshaped the Khumbu region, including the retreat of glaciers and changes in vegetation patterns, while also documenting shifts in local Sherpa culture and mountaineering practices. The study combines long-term field observations with historical records to provide a nuanced understanding of these interconnected changes. Its interdisciplinary approach offers critical insights into the vulnerability and resilience of high-altitude ecosystems and communities, underscoring the need for adaptive conservation strategies.

Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2020 — WHED8B9696B83

State interventions against organized criminal groups (OCGs) in Rio de Janeiro's favelas can either improve security or escalate violence, depending on the nature of the criminal regime. This study identifies five distinct criminal regimes—Insurgent, Bandit, Symbiotic, Predatory, and Split—each characterized by varying levels of confrontation or collaboration with state actors, community engagement, and territorial control. Police interventions in these regimes yield markedly different security outcomes. The research employs a multimethod approach, including quasi-experimental statistical analyses, automated text analysis, extensive qualitative research, and a large-scale survey, focusing on Rio de Janeiro's 'Pacifying Police Units' (UPPs), which aimed to reclaim favelas from criminal organizations.

Kincaid Mounds and the Cahokian Decline

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2020 — WHEC260DEB65D

Research on Kincaid Mounds, a significant site near Cahokia, reveals that while direct evidence of Cahokian influence is scarce, the social history of Kincaid reflects the broader impacts of Cahokian hegemony's rise and decline. This study examines whether Cahokian dominance extended beyond its immediate sphere, using Kincaid as a case study due to its proximity and contemporaneity with Cahokia. The approach involves analyzing social structures and historical patterns to infer indirect influences, providing insights into the complex dynamics of pre-Columbian societies in the region.

Kinetics of Calcite Dissolution and Ca–Mg Ion Exchange on the Surfaces of North Sea Chalk Powders

Stevns Klint — 2020 — WHED097127C94

Research on Stevns Klint chalk reveals that Ca-Mg ion exchange, not calcite dissolution alone, is the dominant process in fluid-rock interactions during smart waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs. The study found two distinct kinetic phases: a rapid initial step within the first hour and a slower, prolonged second phase lasting beyond two weeks. A two-layer adsorption model successfully explained these kinetics, with findings suggesting that competitive cation adsorption controls the process at lower temperatures, while Ca-Mg exchange dominates at higher temperatures. These insights challenge the assumption that calcite dissolution alone accounts for enhanced oil recovery in reservoirs.

Komposisi Jenis Tumbuhan dan Analisis Sebaran Langkap (Arenga obtusifolia Mart.) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2020 — WHE8CDB1422A4

Research reveals that Langkap (Arenga obtusifolia) is the dominant plant species in Ujung Kulon National Park, particularly at sapling and seedling growth stages, with densities ranging from 480-624 individuals per hectare for saplings and 900-2,200 individuals per hectare for seedlings. The study, conducted using a combination of line and path vegetation analysis methods, found that Langkap exhibits both clustered and uniform distribution patterns across different research blocks. Notably, areas dominated by Langkap show a reduction in the density of other plant species, including those critical as food sources for the endangered Javan Rhino. This dominance pattern is quantified using the Morisita coefficient (Ip), which ranges from -0.32 to 0.51, indicating variability in dispersion. The findings underscore the ecological significance of Langkap's spread and its potential impact on habitat management strategies for the Javan Rhino.

Kult – Politik – Ethnos

Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos — 2020 — WHE1D9132C251

Overregional sanctuaries, particularly in ancient Greece, played a pivotal role in shaping political structures and identities beyond the local polis. This collection of essays from an international colloquium reveals that polytheistic religious systems influenced political organization at multiple levels, including amphiktyonies (federal states) and broader alliances. It also highlights how religious authority and cultic practices served as tools for political legitimization, with case studies ranging from the Heraion of Samos to the Poseidon sanctuaries on the Peloponnese. The analysis extends beyond Greece to examine similar dynamics in early Latium, offering a comparative perspective on the interplay between religion, politics, and ethnic identity in ancient societies.

L’ensemble funéraire romain de la nécropole du Nord‑Ouest à Dougga

Dougga / Thugga — 2020 — WHEF6D02E14C6

Archaeological research at Dougga, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Tunisia, has uncovered over 2,500 epitaphs from five distinct Roman-era burial zones, with more than 500 remaining unpublished. These inscriptions provide invaluable insights into the social structure and cultural practices of the ancient city, which thrived during the Roman period as Thugga. The study employed systematic excavation techniques to analyze these epitaphs, revealing details about the lives, professions, and relationships of Dougga's inhabitants. This discovery significantly enriches our understanding of Roman funeral traditions in North Africa.

La céramique préromaine de la nécropole du Nord-Ouest à Dougga : un premier aperçu

Dougga / Thugga — 2020 — WHEF3ADFADDED

Archaeological excavations at Dougga, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Tunisia, have uncovered significant evidence of pre-Roman occupation through ceramic findings in the North-West necropolis. This study highlights the presence of diverse burial structures, including dolmens and bazinas, which provide insights into funerary practices during this period. The research, conducted as part of a Tuniso-German cooperation, utilized stratigraphic analysis to date and contextualize these artifacts, revealing layers of historical activity beneath the later Roman city. These findings contribute to our understanding of Dougga's layered history, bridging the gap between pre-Roman and Roman eras.

La classification des établissements ruraux dans la région de Gjirokastra

Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra — 2020 — WHE931AAF5188

Rural settlements in Gjirokastra, Albania, exhibit distinct economic and land-use patterns shaped by topography. Agriculture, livestock farming, and product processing dominate in lowland areas, while high-altitude zones favor orchards and cattle rearing. Mountainous regions, particularly villages like Picar, Cepo, Pogon, and Frashër, are characterized by small-scale agriculture. The study analyzed land registries to classify these settlements, revealing that pre-1990 socio-economic policies prioritized agricultural land use and rural population density, while post-1990 policies failed to address rural development effectively. Gjirokastra's rural areas hold exceptional cultural and architectural value, featuring a unique blend of Albanian and Greek traditions, which could serve as a transborder model for sustainable rural development.

La conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico a partir del tipo. El caso de Santa Cruz de Mompox

Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox — 2020 — WHEF0984B86FE

Strict regulatory frameworks are essential to preserve the architectural heritage of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as demonstrated by a study on Santa Cruz de Mompox. The research reveals that while initial recommendations were made in 1970 and formal regulations adopted in 1994, the implementation of a comprehensive management plan in 2010 was crucial to prevent significant alterations that could erode the site's unique architectural identity. The study analyzes these norms, particularly those governing expansions in surface area or height, which, if not carefully controlled, risk altering the very characteristics that define Mompox as a World Heritage Site. By focusing on typological analysis of buildings, the research underscores how even well-intentioned interventions can lead to irreversible loss of cultural and architectural values.

La disputa por el Parque Nacional Rapa Nui

Rapa Nui National Park — 2020 — WHEFBBFDE3FD6

A long-standing dispute between the Rapanui ethnic group and Chile's National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) over the administration of Rapa Nui National Park has highlighted the island's dual significance as both a cultural heritage site and an economic resource. The study reveals that the Rapanui community seeks administrative control, drawing parallels with successful indigenous-led management models like those in San Pedro de Atacama. By applying ethnoeconomic perspectives, the research demonstrates how the park serves as both an identity marker and a livelihood source for the Rapanui people, while also functioning as a political tool in their broader struggle for autonomy from Chile. The analysis underscores the interplay between economic and political heritage use, suggesting that these dual dimensions shape the community's negotiation strategies and outcomes.

La Gioconda: o café do Teatro Amazonas

Amazonia Theaters — 2020 — WHEEAB773391C

A study on the Café La Gioconda, located within the iconic Teatro Amazonas—a UNESCO-recognized cultural heritage site in Manaus, Brazil—reveals a missed opportunity to enhance local tourism through gastronomy. Despite its strategic position as a hub for both tourists and locals, the café fails to leverage Amazonian cuisine, leaving a gap that could significantly boost cultural engagement and economic development. The research employed qualitative methods, analyzing visitor interactions and menu offerings against regulatory standards for food services. Findings indicate low awareness of local culinary potential among patrons, suggesting that integrating authentic Amazonian dishes could transform the café into a key driver of both tourism and heritage preservation.

La Gioconda: o café do Teatro Amazonas (Edição 495)

Amazonia Theaters — 2020 — WHEA643D709A3

A qualitative study reveals that the Café La Gioconda, located within the iconic Teatro Amazonas—a UNESCO-recognized cultural and architectural heritage site in Manaus—fails to leverage local Amazonian cuisine as a tool for enhancing tourism. Despite its strategic position, the café does not prominently feature regional gastronomy, missing an opportunity to deepen cultural exchange with visitors and residents alike. The research highlights a gap in offering authentic Amazonian culinary experiences, which could bolster the site's appeal while adhering to food safety regulations (RDC nº 216/2004). The study underscores the potential of gastronomy as a driver for local development within heritage contexts.

La iconografía púnica en hipogeos de Menorca (Islas Baleares). Nuevos datos para la construcción de una realidad histórica

Talayotic Menorca — 2020 — WHEDEFD82A973

Recent archaeological studies, including the excavation of Talayotic settlements and hypogeal caves in Menorca (Balearic Islands), have uncovered a significant corpus of Phoenician iconography. These engravings and paintings, dating from the 6th century BC to 123 BC, provide new evidence linking Menorca culturally and economically to Carthage and Ibiza during the pre-Roman period. The findings challenge previous assumptions about the island's isolation, suggesting instead a vibrant exchange of symbols, beliefs, and trade networks with the broader Phoenician world. This research sheds light on the historical context of these sites, contributing to our understanding of Phoenician influence in the western Mediterranean.

La plástica rupestre y el diseño en el antiguo Perú: el rastro de dos petroglifos de Palpa en la iconografía de Paracas y Nasca

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2020 — WHE484B3C5F15

Research reveals that two anthropomorphic petroglyphs from the Chichictara rock landscape in Palpa, Peru, may represent early antecedents of iconographic motifs found in Paracas and Nasca art. This discovery is significant because such direct links between rupestrian art and other media are rare in Peru, highlighting the exceptional value of these petrogravings. The study employs comparative analysis to trace the evolutionary sequence of these designs across different artistic mediums, including embroidery and pottery, providing new insights into the continuity and development of Andean rock art traditions.

La recuperación del Alcázar de Sevilla. Un elemento de tensión entre los reyes católicos y la ciudad de Sevilla

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville — 2020 — WHE0C9945C33F

The restoration of the Alcázar de Sevilla during the reign of the Catholic Kings was not merely a architectural endeavor but a complex process fraught with tensions and conflicts. This study reveals that the project sparked significant disputes between the monarchy and the town council of Seville, particularly concerning the rights and prerogatives associated with the royal palace. These conflicts extended to critical aspects of Sevillian society, such as water administration and tax distribution, highlighting the intricate interplay between royal authority and local governance. The research demonstrates how palace officials acted as key intermediaries, navigating these tensions while shaping the relationship between the monarchy and the city.

La statue du « roi-danseur » de Koh Ker (Cambodge, Xe s.). des histoires extraordinaires et des terribles méfaits qui décidèrent de sa restauration

Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar — 2020 — WHE08F17A0D5B

A rare 10th-century statue of the 'dancing king' from Koh Ker, Cambodia, reveals extraordinary insights into the political and religious dynamics of the ancient Lingapura kingdom. The statue, discovered in a remote temple complex, depicts King Jayavarman V performing a ritual dance, offering unprecedented visual evidence of the fusion between Hindu-Brahmanical traditions and indigenous Cambodian practices. Through meticulous analysis of the statue's iconography, craftsmanship, and historical context, this study deciphers its significance as both a religious artifact and a symbol of royal authority. The research also sheds light on the tragic circumstances surrounding the statue's discovery—looted during illicit excavations—and the subsequent efforts to restore it, underscoring the ethical challenges in preserving such heritage amid political turmoil.

La urbanización de la pobreza: de la acumulación originaria a la crisis habitacional en Ibiza

Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture — 2020 — WHE1A6CB559E7

Ibiza's transformation into a global hub for hedonistic tourism has triggered severe housing inequality, with the island's capital becoming Spain's most expensive city. This study reveals how processes of mercantilization and financialization have driven displacement, linking Ibiza's historical autarchic roots to its current crisis through Lefebvrian spatial theory. By analyzing urban development from pre-tourism times to today, it exposes housing as a central mechanism in creating spatial inequality, offering a new framework for understanding urban poverty.

Lack of Rule-Adherence During Mountain Gorilla Tourism Encounters in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, Places Gorillas at Risk From Human Disease

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2020 — WHEC50C11179E

Over 98% of mountain gorilla tourism encounters in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, violated the critical 7-meter human-gorilla distance rule, despite rigorous pre-trek briefings by park rangers. This finding, derived from observational data collected during 53 treks between May and August 2014, reveals a significant risk of disease transmission to endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), with 68.2% of observations occurring at distances ≤7 meters and 14% at ≤3 meters. The study highlights systemic non-adherence to Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) guidelines, which limit group size and duration while enforcing strict spacing rules. Survey data from 243 tourists suggest potential for improvement, with 73.6% expressing willingness to adopt precautionary measures like face masks to protect gorilla health. These results underscore the urgent need for stronger enforcement and education to mitigate disease risks in this critical conservation context.

Lakamha: the place of “Big Waters”

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2020 — WHEF33FCF07D0

Recent archaeological research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Palenque has shed new light on the political and economic dynamics that sustained one of the Maya civilization's most significant cities. By integrating the last decade of urban core excavations with systematic regional studies, researchers have uncovered detailed narratives from ancient inscriptions, offering a deeper understanding of Palenque's long-term development. This approach reveals how the city thrived over centuries, contributing significantly to broader knowledge of Pre-Hispanic Maya society.