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Publications

Showing 12581 – 12600 of 15962 publications

Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes Associated with Moss on the Surface of the Borobudur Temple Stone

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2020 — WHEB6F70EF015

Research on the Borobudur Temple reveals that actinomycetes associated with moss on its stone surface play a significant role in biodeterioration. The study identified 37 actinomycetes from three sampling sites, belonging to five genera (Gordonia, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Nocardia, and Streptomyces) and four families. Notably, 51.35% of the isolates were from the genus Streptomyces, with 45.94% demonstrating phosphate-solubilizing abilities, primarily within this group. These findings highlight the potential impact of actinomycetes on stone decay and suggest their relevance for further study or conservation efforts. The isolates have been deposited in the Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC) to serve as a reference for future research.

Isotopic and Geochemical Tracers of Groundwater Flow in the Shivwits Plateau, Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park — 2020 — WHEFB6F7C272B

A novel approach using isotopic and geochemical tracers has successfully characterized groundwater flow systems in the Shivwits Plateau, Grand Canyon National Park. The study identified four distinct groundwater groups based on carbon isotopes (δ13C of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), revealing complex hydrogeological processes including epikarst flow, gypsiferous bed influence, canyon slope runoff, and deep mixing in the Redwall Limestone. These findings demonstrate that ambient geochemical tracers can provide a simple yet effective conceptual model for mixed-lithology aquifers, though higher-resolution data are needed to fully assess climate change impacts on groundwater resources.

Isotopic Confirmation of the Timing and Intensity of Maize Consumption in Greater Cahokia

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2020 — WHE5EEB7FA033

New evidence confirms that maize consumption at Cahokia, a significant Mississippian polity in the American Bottom region of Illinois, surged abruptly around AD 900 and intensified rapidly over subsequent centuries. This shift in subsistence practices, supported by isotopic analysis of human and dog remains, directly dated archaeobotanical maize samples, and revised archaeological interpretations, suggests that maize cultivation played a pivotal role in facilitating population growth and nucleation at Cahokia. The findings indicate that the introduction of maize not only provided subsistence security but also contributed to broader social, political, and religious transformations that fueled the emergence of Cahokia as a major societal center by AD 1050.

Jaguars and Roads in the Calakmul Region: Evidence of Road Crossing and Collisions with Vehicles

Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche — 2020 — WHE65D100D0AB

A study in the Calakmul region of Mexico revealed that jaguars (Panthera onca) cross Federal Highway 186, a major road threatening their population. Camera traps captured images of two male jaguars crossing the highway in 2019, with one later found dead after a vehicle collision in 2020. These findings align with earlier landscape models predicting jaguar crossing sites and highlight the need for wildlife-safe infrastructure to mitigate road-related mortality risks.

Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace by Oleg Benesch and Ran Zwigenberg

Himeji-jo — 2020 — WHE2BEC330838

Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace offers a transformative perspective on the role of Japanese castles, shifting them from mere military history artifacts to comprehensive indicators of societal evolution since the sixteenth century. The study identifies seven key themes—scale and location, local vs. national identities, civil society-state interactions, power dynamics among state actors, religious significance, authenticity in reconstruction, and global parallels—that frame castles as contested yet enduring symbols shaping Japan's trajectory through feudalism, imperial expansion, World War II, and the postwar era. By treating castles as they were perceived contemporaneously, the authors provide a nuanced analysis that bridges historical, cultural, political, and economic dimensions, revealing continuity in challenges faced by castles across prewar and postwar periods. This approach not only enriches our understanding of Japanese heritage but also draws parallels with European castle histories, underscoring their universal significance as sites of symbolism and heritage.

Japanese encounters with Ajanta

Ajanta Caves — 2020 — WHE8E9F590DD0

Japanese encounters with Ajanta, spanning nearly two centuries since its discovery in 1819, highlight a significant cultural exchange between Japan and the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ajanta Caves. The study reveals that Japanese scholars, particularly from the Meiji to Taisho periods, played a pivotal role in studying Ajanta, with notable contributions such as the Otani expedition's survey of Buddhist sites and attempts by Japanese artists to copy Ajanta paintings. Influenced by figures like Kakuzō Okakura, who revered Indian art, these encounters marked a vibrant cultural dialogue after an almost 2000-year hiatus following the excavation of the early caves. The research traces this historical relationship, offering insights into how Japan perceived and engaged with Ajanta through scholarly and artistic endeavors.

Jean Mesqui, Maxime Goepp, Le Crac des Chevaliers. Histoire et architecture

Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din — 2020 — WHE046BF3D199

Crac des Chevaliers, a UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed in 2006 and listed as endangered in 2013, has seen increased attention despite recent degradation. The site's significance is highlighted through digital documentation by the French Ministry of Culture, including its inclusion in the 'Grands sites archéologiques' collection and a dedicated exhibition in 2017. This study by Mesqui and Goepp delves into the historical and architectural nuances of Crac des Chevaliers, offering insights into its evolution and conservation challenges.

Jefferson on Display: Attire, Etiquette, and the Art of Presentation by G. S. Wilson

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2020 — WHEFBF5E1CF6C

Thomas Jefferson strategically crafted his public image through attire and behavior, shifting between the persona of a humble farmer and that of a sophisticated urban elite depending on context. G. S. Wilson's study reveals Jefferson’s deliberate use of clothing—ranging from French court attire to homespun American garments—as a tool for political self-fashioning. Analyzing contemporary accounts, fashion choices, and portraits, Wilson demonstrates how Jefferson adapted his appearance to align with diplomatic expectations in France and later embraced an unpretentious, 'man of the people' image during his tenure as vice president and president. This approach offers a novel perspective on Jefferson’s public persona, distinct from traditional biographical studies.

Jericho in the Media

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2020 — WHEDA5BE5B7EE

Public perceptions of the ancient site of Jericho have been significantly shaped by media representations, from early archaeological reports to modern digital storytelling. This study reveals that while media engagement has raised global interest and support for Jericho's excavations, it has also created lasting impressions that often overshadow the nuanced narratives archaeologists aim to convey. The research investigates how themes and visual representations of Jericho have evolved over time, reflecting both advancements in archaeological knowledge and changing public expectations. It highlights the dual role of media—enhancing awareness while simultaneously introducing controversies that complicate the site's portrayal. By analyzing media outputs across newspapers, television, and the internet, this work offers a critical lens to examine the intersection of archaeology as an academic discipline and its public perception as entertainment.

Jericho: Eine Geschichte der Innovationen im Angesicht widriger Umstände

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2020 — WHEFD809A7858

Ancient Jericho, located at Tell es-Sultan and situated 250 meters below sea level, stands as a testament to human innovation amid challenging conditions. This study reveals how the site's inhabitants developed sophisticated adaptations, including unique architectural techniques and agricultural strategies, to thrive in an arid environment. By analyzing archaeological evidence from multiple layers of occupation dating back thousands of years, researchers reconstruct a narrative of resilience and ingenuity. The findings highlight Jericho's role as a center of early technological advancements, such as the construction of defensive walls and complex water management systems, which were critical for survival in one of the world's most extreme landscapes.

Jewish Heritage in the Creative Cities of Central and Eastern Europe: Tourism, Technologies and Prosthetic Memory

Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue — 2020 — WHE4BFE632661

Contemporary mobile multimedia technologies are transforming the way tourists engage with Jewish heritage and memory sites, particularly in UNESCO Creative Cities of Central and Eastern Europe. These digital tools, including root-diaspora tours and apps, serve as 'prosthetic memory,' enhancing visitors' connections to cultural landscapes while also reshaping tourism practices. The study analyzes how cities like Budapest, Kraków, Prague, Kaunas, Warsaw, and Vilnius integrate Jewish heritage into multimedia experiences, revealing their role in materializing Holocaust memory and fostering responsibility to remember. These technologies not only provide practical navigation but also incorporate augmented reality, photos, and Jewish itineraries, fundamentally altering the relationship between travelers, cultural heritage, and collective memory.

Jews in Seventh-Century Palestine

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2020 — WHED376F6DE28

A first visit to Jerusalem's Old City offers profound insights into the city's layered history, particularly during the seventh century AD. The study highlights significant transformations, including the Persian capture of Jerusalem in 614 AD and its subsequent surrender to the Arabs, marking dramatic shifts in power and cultural identity. These events are contextualized against the backdrop of earlier Christian developments, such as Constantine's establishment of Jerusalem as a central place of worship in the 320s AD. The research emphasizes the enduring impact of these historical moments on the urban landscape, drawing parallels with post-1967 building works. Methodologically, the study combines historical analysis with archaeological observations, particularly focusing on the Wailing Wall and the Umayyad Bayt al-Maqdis, to reconstruct the city's evolution during this pivotal period.

Jews, Real and Imagined, at San Isidoro de León and Beyond

León Cathedral — 2020 — WHED552154BDA

While archaeological and documentary evidence confirms the presence of a thriving Jewish community in medieval León from the 10th to the 15th centuries, no direct involvement of living Jews with the luxury objects in San Isidoro de León's treasury has been found—contrasting with similar centers elsewhere. The study reveals that Jewish connections to the treasury are largely ideological, centered on the presence of Abraham’s relics in one object and a possible but unproven link to textiles. However, both living Jews and ideological associations emerge through the cathedral itself, where a portion of the Jewish community's taxes funded its altar lighting and where the sculptural program included depictions of the blind Synagogue.

Joint interpretation of electrical and seismic data aimed at modelling the foundation soils of the Maredolce monumental complex in Palermo (Italy)

Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and Monreale — 2020 — WHE31C9F23878

A multidisciplinary geophysical study of the Maredolce monumental complex in Palermo, Italy, has successfully reconstructed the subsoil model of an ancient artificial lake, providing critical insights for its potential restoration. The research integrated seismic refraction tomography, electrical resistivity and induced polarization tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio analysis to assess the geotechnical conditions of the site's foundation soils. This joint interpretation, supported by cluster analysis techniques, revealed the permeability characteristics of the calcarenitic rock and underlying impermeable clays, offering technical solutions for waterproofing the lake bed as part of a broader renovation project. The findings are pivotal for preserving the historical integrity of this Arab-Norman heritage site while addressing modern engineering challenges.

Karakorum, the first capital of the Mongol world empire: an imperial city in a non-urban society

Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape — 2020 — WHEEA10F464DC

Karakorum, the first capital of the Mongol Empire (AD 1206–1368), presents a unique case study of urbanism within a pastoral nomadic society. Unlike typical urbanization processes, Karakorum's development was deeply intertwined with political authority rather than natural population growth. By applying Michael E. Smith's urban attributes framework, this study reveals that Karakorum's existence relied on its political function and relationships with the hinterland, offering insights into how cities thrived in anti-urban environments. Comparisons with contemporary sites in Russia and Mongolia further highlight the distinct nature of steppe urbanism, emphasizing its dependence on imperial power dynamics.

Karakteristik Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang Target dan Indikator di Perairan Taman Nasional Komodo

Komodo National Park — 2020 — WHEC927CD280C

A study of Komodo National Park's coral reef waters reveals that despite coral cover dropping below 50%, the area supports a diverse fish community with high overall biodiversity, though lower at individual sites. Researchers recorded 128 target fish species from 21 families and 30 indicator species (Chaetodontidae), with average densities of 182 ± 67 individuals/350m² for targets and 35 ± 15 individuals/350m² for indicators. Most fishes ranged in size from 15–30 cm, contributing to a biomass of 1,174 ± 617 kg/hectare. While 13 target species and 2 indicator species showed widespread distribution, others exhibited low or very low abundance. The findings highlight the need for equal, periodic monitoring across all sites—both inside and outside the park—to assess long-term impacts on reef fish communities.

Karelian Written Documents as a Source for Studying Deanthroponymic Settlement Names

Kizhi Pogost — 2020 — WHEBCD6995608

A cross-sectional analysis of Karelian written documents reveals that possessive anthroponymic elements in settlement names gained prominence over time, reflecting shifts in residents' perceptions and the scribes' influence rather than landscape features. While names rooted in ownership or first settlers dominated numerically, their word-formation patterns—such as -ov/-ev, -in, -sk-, and -shchina—remained unstable until the late 17th to early 18th centuries, when structural stability emerged, albeit with geographically limited spread. The study leverages published and manuscript sources from four Zaonezhsky pogosts (Kizhi, Tolvuisky, Chelmuzhsky, Shungsky) alongside comparative toponymic tables by Mikhail Vitov to trace historical variations in the region's toponymic system.

Kelemahan Dasar Pokdarwis Wonderful Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Kawasan Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2020 — WHEEB7E7C272B

A qualitative case study identifies systemic weaknesses within Pokdarwis Wonderful, the local tourism organization managing Indonesia's Sangiran Early Man Sitethat hinder its ability to drive sustainable tourism development. Key challenges include internal organizational conflicts, limited managerial capacity, low community participation, and a lack of innovation in museum management, which restricts collaboration with external institutions. These issues collectively stifle the site's potential as a major paleoanthropological and cultural tourist destination. The study employed in-depth interviews and triangulation to validate findings, offering actionable recommendations for structural and operational improvements.

Kenya

Lamu Old Town — 2020 — WHE4A3402A85C

A multi-stakeholder campaign in Lamu Old Town, Kenya, successfully advocated for the ban of miraa (khat) starting in 2001. This effort involved Islamic groups, youth and women’s organizations, teachers’ unions, government officials from the National Museums of Kenya, and community-based organizations. The push was reinforced by Yemeni migrants, who brought with them a cultural memory of qat consumption that aligned with Islamic practices. Lamu, an ancient Swahili city-state on the north Kenyan coast, served as a microcosm for broader debates on miraa’s societal impacts in Kenya. The campaign reflected widespread concerns about the substance’s detrimental effects, blending local and migrant perspectives to shape policy outcomes.

Kenzo Tange’s “Lumbini Sacred Garden -Birthplace of Buddha” through the process as the UN project

Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha — 2020 — WHE61418ECECF

Kenzo Tange's 'Lumbini Sacred Garden - Birthplace of Buddha' stands as a pioneering UNESCO World Heritage project, initiated in 1969 to preserve the birthplace of Lord Buddha amid urbanization pressures. The study reveals how Tange's vision, commissioned by then-UN Secretary-General U Thant, aimed to balance cultural heritage conservation with modern development needs. Through an analysis of the project's early stages, the research highlights Tange's spatial planning innovations, which sought to integrate sacred and functional spaces while addressing the challenges of rapid infrastructure expansion in Lumbini. The study also notes unintended deviations from the original plan, including large-scale constructions not envisioned by Tange, underscoring the tension between long-term preservation goals and contemporary development demands.