World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 13161 – 13180 of 15962 publications

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla in Volubilis (Morocco): Past Events and Provisions for the Future

Archaeological Site of Volubilis — 2020 — WHECF77CCF3A1

A seismic vulnerability assessment of the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla in Volubilis, Morocco, reveals significant structural weaknesses despite its 1930s restoration. The arch, dating back to 216 AD, suffered severe damage during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which nearly destroyed it entirely. By analyzing historical drawings and archaeological evidence, researchers reconstructed the arch's original configuration and traced its seismic history. Using a rigid-block structural model, they assessed its current vulnerability to future earthquakes, providing critical insights for conservation efforts. This study highlights the long-term impact of seismic events on ancient structures and underscores the need for proactive measures to safeguard such heritage sites.

Seismological Investigations in the Olduvai Basin and Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands (Western Flank of the North Tanzanian Divergence)

Ngorongoro Conservation Area — 2020 — WHEDE4677DF24

A passive seismic experiment in Tanzania's Ngorongoro Conservation Area revealed that the Olduvai Basin, known as the 'Cradle of Human Mankind,' may contain sedimentary records at least 200 meters deeper than previously thought. This finding was achieved through a novel approach using power spectral density measurements to map the basin's depth, confirming its significance for paleoenvironmental studies. Additionally, the study provided unprecedented detail of seismicity in the area, showing that fault systems on the western flank of the Eastern African Rift merge at depth into a single detachment linked to the Manyara fault. The research also highlighted potential overestimations of local magnitudes due to wave-amplification effects in loose sedimentary sites.

Self-gentrification as a pro-active response to tourism development

Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — 2020 — WHE133AE7505C

Indigenous communities can proactively respond to tourism-driven gentrification by developing their own entrepreneurial ventures, a strategy termed 'self-gentrification.' This approach allows them to conserve cultural heritage while improving socio-economic status. The study examines two case studies: the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces UNESCO World Heritage Site in China and the Chi-mei community in Taiwan. Both demonstrate how Indigenous communities can leverage tourism opportunities without losing autonomy or cultural identity. The research highlights the potential of self-gentrification as a sustainable model for balancing development, heritage conservation, and Indigenous rights.

Senegal, the African Slave Trade, and the Door of No Return: Giving Witness to Gorée Island

Island of Gorée — 2020 — WHE57101BA33E

Gorée Island, located off Senegal's coast, serves as a poignant symbol of the African slave trade and its enduring impact on Senegalese society. This study reveals that collective trauma from slavery was historically repressed, with Senegalese people avoiding open discourse about this painful history due to shame and lingering wounds. The research argues for the importance of visual rhetoric in addressing and affirming this history, suggesting that confronting these narratives visually can facilitate healing and societal reflection. By analyzing Gorée Island's role as a site of captivity and departure for millions, the study highlights its significance as both a historical marker and a catalyst for national dialogue. The findings emphasize the need for African-led storytelling—particularly in film—to preserve and interpret this history authentically.

Sentiment Analysis of Visitors in Borobudur Temple With Support Vector Machine Based on TripAdvisor Review

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2020 — WHEEF88F2B6FD

A sentiment analysis of visitor reviews at Borobudur Temple, using TripAdvisor data from 2017 to 2019, revealed that 76% of reviews were positive, 15% neutral, and 9% negative. The study employed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, achieving 100% accuracy with 401 test cases trained on 247 data points. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of SVM in categorizing tourist sentiment, providing valuable insights for heritage site management and visitor experience optimization.

Sentinel-2 Imagery Processing for Tree Logging Observations on the Białowieża Forest World Heritage Site

Białowieża Forest — 2020 — WHEF53AEDF0BD

A study using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery found that the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) and Brightness Index (BI) are highly effective for detecting deforestation, particularly in the Białowieża Forest World Heritage Site. These indices, derived from high-resolution visible and infrared data processed via ESA's SNAP software, outperformed other radiometric and biophysical indicators like NDVI and RVI. The research analyzed pre- and post-logging imagery (2016–2018) to assess the potential of remote sensing for environmental monitoring in areas lacking ground-based data. Visualized using QGIS, these findings highlight Sentinel-2's utility for tracking illegal logging and supporting conservation efforts.

Sergiu Musteata, Introduction

Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments — 2020 — WHE07942D80DB

This introductory piece highlights the significance of community engagement and digital technology in preserving and promoting UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Saint Petersburg (Russia) and Old Havana (Cuba). It explores how local communities play a pivotal role in revitalization efforts, while also examining the emerging influence of the World Heritage Watch movement. The text further analyzes the intersection of cultural tourism, sustainable development, and multimedia technologies, offering insights into the dynamic relationship between heritage preservation and modern advancements. By synthesizing diverse case studies—ranging from Romania to the UK and India—the introduction underscores the importance of collaborative approaches in safeguarding and valorizing global heritage.

Serological evidence for human exposure to Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis in the villages around Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

Taï National Park — 2020 — WHE557BCE5A93

A significant portion of the rural population near Taï National Park (TNP), Côte d’Ivoire, exhibits serological evidence of exposure to Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva), a pathogen linked to wildlife mortality in the park. The study, analyzing sera from 1,386 volunteers, found a 22.37% seroprevalence for protective antigen PA and 10.46% for Bcbva-specific antigen pXO2-60, suggesting human exposure to this untypical anthrax-causing pathogen. While bushmeat contact was common among participants, risk factor analysis did not identify significant predictors of seroprevalence. The findings highlight the potential threat posed by Bcbva to local communities and underscore the need for heightened awareness and further research on its impact in the region.

Service in Westminster Abbey

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2020 — WHE265D5DA733

A notable event during the Sixth International Congress on Accounting in 1952 was a special service held in Westminster Abbey, attended by over one thousand members of Congress, many accompanied by their partners. The service, conducted at 10:30 a.m. on June 16th with the permission of the Dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend A. C. Don, was led by the Dean and assisted by the Precentor, the Reverend C. T. H. Dams. This gathering highlights the significance of Westminster Abbey as a venue for formal and ceremonial occasions, reflecting its historical and cultural importance in both religious and civic contexts.

Shake Table Testing of Two Historical Masonry Structures for Estimation of Their Seismic Stability

Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian — 2020 — WHECC714AE849

Shake table testing of scaled models of two historical masonry structures revealed critical insights into their seismic stability, failure mechanisms, and weak points. The study focused on the Old Bridge in Mostar and the ancient Protiron structure in Split, providing essential data on their seismic response, including accelerations, displacements, and strains, which were used to verify analytical models. These findings are crucial for designing health monitoring systems for these heritage structures, ensuring their preservation in seismically active regions.

Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Bedding Rock Slopes With Weak Structural Plane Under Earthquake

Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains — 2020 — WHE2101660623

A shaking table test revealed that bedding rock slopes with weak structural planes exhibit significant seismic response variations under different earthquake conditions, particularly demonstrating 'elevation' and 'surface effects.' These effects weaken as seismic amplitude increases but become more pronounced with resonance induced by specific seismic waves, such as the EL Centro wave. The study identified a two-stage failure mechanism: initial formation of a sliding shear plane followed by overall slope instability. Conducted at a 1:10 similarity ratio, the test analyzed acceleration and displacement responses to simulate earthquakes like Wenchuan Wolong and Kobe, providing critical insights for understanding and mitigating seismic risks in fragile geological settings.

Shallow structure of the Chalco and Xochimilco sub-basins (southern Mexico basin) based on wave propagation modelling and seismic data

Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco — 2020 — WHE715207B156

Researchers have mapped the shallow geological structures of the Chalco and Xochimilco sub-basins, part of Mexico City's UNESCO-listed historic center, revealing a complex volcanic-sedimentary infill shaped by tectonic forces. Using seismic data from a 3000 m deep well and wave propagation modeling, they identified key features such as the base of lacustrine sediments and basaltic basement, separated by structural highs interpreted as volcanic flows. The study found that the Xochimilco sub-basin's shallow lacustrine sediments thin northwestward, while Chalco's reflectors indicate deformation during deposition. High-amplitude seismic reflections suggest impedance contrasts between geological units, with strata thicknesses implying sedimentation cycles of ~30,000 years. This work provides a foundation for understanding seismic amplification in these tectonic depressions and reconstructs paleo-environmental changes in the southern Mexico Basin over the last 250,000–375,000 years.

Sheltering megalithic Temples in Malta – evaluating the process through data collection and modelling

Megalithic Temples of Malta — 2020 — WHE79B1D6C964

Sheltering structures implemented at three UNESCO-listed megalithic temples in Malta—Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, and Tarxien—have shown promise in mitigating environmental stressors such as rainfall, surface weathering, and thermal stress. A decade-long research program, combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling with long-term environmental monitoring, aims to quantify the shelters' effectiveness. By integrating macroscale regional models with mesoscale temple-specific analyses, researchers seek to establish correlations between environmental conditions and material deterioration patterns. This approach offers potential for targeted conservation strategies, though findings remain ongoing.

Shields on Electric Posts Prevent Primate Deaths: A Case Study at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Ancient City of Polonnaruwa — 2020 — WHE0C11C2CC49

A case study at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, demonstrates that shields mounted on electrical posts significantly reduced electrocution deaths among toque macaques (Macaca sinica). Over a 12-year period post-installation, no electrocutions were recorded, compared to 18 incidents in the preceding 12 years. The study highlights the effectiveness of simple interventions like shields and insulated PVC pipes in mitigating risks for primates and other arboreal mammals near human habitats. While not all electrocution hotspots could be addressed, the findings suggest broader applications for such measures in power distribution planning to protect wildlife.

Shock and Objectivity in Modern Times: Some Thoughts about Bauhaus Architecture

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2020 — WHE448E62ABD9

Bauhaus architecture, celebrated for its objectivity and standardization, reflects the trauma of modern times, including World War I. The study proposes that the Bauhaus movement's aesthetic principles—rooted in mechanical lifestyle and defense against trauma—remain relevant today due to their response to the triplicity of traumatic modernity: primary helplessness, existential void, and war devastation. This insight was sparked by an intuitive connection between Bauhaus design and the experiences of 'war-tremblers,' soldiers traumatized by World War I. The research approach combines personal reflection with historical context, drawing parallels between architectural style and psychological trauma to explain the enduring appeal of Bauhaus aesthetics in modern society.

Short-Term Effects of Recent Fire on the Production and Translocation of Pyrogenic Carbon in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2020 — WHE356B6CCD50

Low-severity fire significantly increases the production and translocation of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with PyC concentrations rising in both organic and mineral soil layers post-fire. The study, which analyzed soils from areas affected by the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 Fire—including a NEON site—found that higher-severity burns led to greater PyC accumulation in surface horizons (O-horizon) compared to lower-severity fires. Over time, PyC moved deeper into mineral soils, suggesting fire suppression may alter carbon cycling dynamics. This research highlights the role of fire as a mechanism for PyC formation and vertical transport, providing insights into soil carbon stability and ecosystem resilience.

Short-term Measures to Avoid Retaliatory Killing of a Tapir (Tapirus bairdii ) during a Case of Human Conflict at La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica

Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park — 2020 — WHE40A1B49EA1

A successful short-term intervention using salt-licks and community engagement effectively prevented retaliatory killing of a Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) involved in crop-raiding within the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica. The study highlights the potential of rapid response strategies—combining on-site interviews with landowners and alternative solutions—to mitigate human-wildlife conflict without lethal outcomes. This approach offers a practical model for conservation efforts where tapir-human interactions pose risks to both species. The findings underscore the importance of proactive measures in reducing retaliatory killings, a critical issue identified in global tapir conservation planning.

SHRIMP U–Pb ages of zircons from the Lengshuikeng ore field, North Wuyi Mountains, South China: Implications for dating volcaniclastic rocks

Mount Wuyi — 2020 — WHE03DDE84917

A new study challenges the long-standing debate on the age of volcanic rocks in the Lengshuikeng Ag–Pb–Zn ore field, North Wuyi Mountains, South China. Using SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating, researchers identified two distinct populations of zircons—autocrystic and xenocrystic—in ignimbrites and tuffs from the region. The autocrystic zircons indicate that these pyroclastic rocks formed during the Early Lower Cretaceous (~140 Ma), while xenocrystic zircons suggest earlier granitic intrusions in the Early Upper Jurassic (155–159 Ma). This finding resolves conflicting age estimates and highlights the complexity of interpreting zircon ages in volcaniclastic rocks, where younger U–Pb dates may not always reflect the true formation or eruption age if juvenile or vitric pyroclasts are absent or scarce.

Sibilants in Libyco-Berber

Dougga / Thugga — 2020 — WHE0E70B16E80

Libyco-Berber inscriptions from Dougga, dating to the second century BCE, reveal seven distinct sibilant signs that likely represent different pronunciations. This challenges the traditional view of graphemic variants and suggests a more complex phonetic system, potentially involving three or four articulations with length contrasts. The study has significant implications for understanding the relationship between Libyco-Berber and Proto-Berber, as it sheds light on how sibilant systems evolved in these ancient languages. By analyzing inscriptions from Dougga, researchers provide new insights into the phonetic structure of Libyco-Berber, contributing to broader debates about language reconstruction and historical linguistics.

Silicon Fractionation of Soluble Silicon in Volcanic Ash Soils That May Affect Groundwater Silicon Content on Jeju Island, Korea

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2020 — WHE4D614066D6

Volcanic ash soils on Jeju Island, Korea, exhibit distinct silicon (Si) fractionation patterns that significantly influence groundwater Si content. Research reveals that while most Si is bound in unavailable forms such as primary and secondary silicates, Andisols—common in high-precipitation regions—show notably higher adsorbed Si concentrations (100–1400 mg kg−1), approximately five times greater than non-Andisols. This suggests enhanced Si solubility in Andisols, potentially impacting groundwater Si levels. The study quantified these fractions using a sequential extraction method, comparing Jeju's volcanic soils with mainland Korean forest soils. It found that amorphous Si was the second-largest fraction in non-Andisols, while pedogenic oxides and hydroxides dominated in Jeju's Andisols, often containing short-range-order minerals like allophane (4–40%). These findings highlight the unique soil formation processes on Jeju Island and their implications for groundwater chemistry.