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Key Aesthetic Appeal Concepts of Coastal Dunes and Forests on the Example of the Curonian Spit (Lithuania)

Curonian Spit — 2019 — WHEDEBDA262A0

Aesthetic appeal of coastal dunes and forests on the Curonian Spit varies significantly among visitors, local inhabitants, and experts. The most appealing landscapes include white mobile dunes and combinations of white and grey (grassland) dunes, with visual coherence being a key factor for locals. Experts, however, emphasized stewardship, naturalness, imageability, and visual scale as defining scenic appeal, while disturbance and complexity diminished attractiveness. This divergence in perceptions suggests potential management conflicts. The study used paired comparison surveys of 45 landscapes, semi-structured interviews with locals, and a Delphi technique involving experts to elicit key aesthetic concepts.

Khalet al-Jam‟a.a Bronze and Iron Ages Necropolis Near Bethlehem (Palestine): Results of the 2019 Archaeological Excavations

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2019 — WHEBB60A06204

A significant archaeological discovery near Bethlehem reveals that Tomb A7, initially identified as an Iron Age burial site, was originally constructed during the Early Bronze IVB period and subsequently modified for use during the Middle Bronze and Iron Ages. This finding, uncovered by a joint Italian-Palestinian team in 2019, suggests a continuous cultural and ritualistic use of the necropolis spanning over a millennium, from the 4th millennium BC to the 8th-7th century BC. The excavation focused on Tomb A7, employing rescue archaeology techniques to document its structure and associated artifacts, providing new insights into the funerary practices and historical continuity in this region near the Church of the Nativity.

Khomeini’s Iran as Seen Through Bank Notes

Trans-Iranian Railway — 2019 — WHEA52A3D807A

A comparative analysis of bank notes from the Pahlavi and Islamic Republic eras reveals a significant shift in Iran's cultural and ideological representation. During the Pahlavi reign, bank notes prominently featured pre-Islamic architecture, modern industrial achievements like the Trans-Iranian Railway, and portraits of the monarch, reflecting a pro-Western ideology. In contrast, post-revolutionary notes under Ayatollah Khomeini's influence depicted traditional Islamic symbols, marking a departure from the glorification of pre-Islamic Iran and Western-oriented development. This visual transition on currency serves as a tangible record of Iran's political and cultural transformation.

King Jeongjo’s Construction of Hwaseong City and the Design of Separate Capital

Hwaseong Fortress — 2019 — WHED96282FA1B

Hwaseong Fortress, originally conceived as a separate capital (別京) by King Jeongjo of the late Joseon Dynasty, was intended to serve as a distinct administrative and military hub alongside Hanyang. This study reveals that King Jeongjo envisioned Hwaseong as a 'capital for the retired king,' leveraging state-of-the-art information systems and maximum national resources to establish a dual-capital system aimed at expanding royal authority and fostering national revival. However, post-Jeongjo, political factions thwarted this vision, reducing Hwaseong's status to that of a temporary palace fortress and a provincial government seat, far from its original grand design.

Kings Vladislav and Radoslav as ktetors: Similarities and differences

Studenica Monastery — 2019 — WHE12CF663B73

This study reveals that while both Prince Vladislav and King Radoslav, heirs of King Stefan the First-Crowned, engaged in significant ktetorial (patronage) activities, their approaches and impacts differed markedly. Vladislav founded a new monastery, Mileševa, around 1220, which became the second most important Serbian monastery after transferring St. Sava's relic there, whereas Radoslav upgraded Studenica Monastery, already an endowment of his grandfather St. Simeon. The research compares their ktetorial activities, highlighting Vladislav's greater financial burden and the influence of St. Sava on both projects. It also notes that Mileševa was later regulated by St. Sava's Law, contrasting with Studenica's earlier regal regulation under St. Simeon.

Kingston Third Crossing

Rideau Canal — 2019 — WHE20C020B242

A groundbreaking highway bridge project, the Kingston Third Crossing, has successfully integrated complex environmental, stakeholder, and heritage considerations while adopting North America's first Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) model. This innovative approach enabled a radical redesign within strict funding deadlines, addressing affordability gaps and maintaining project timelines. The resulting 100-meter weathering steel arched bridge not only serves as a functional two-lane highway but also acts as a dynamic gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Rideau Canal. The IPD model's efficiency in navigating challenging circumstances highlights its potential for future infrastructure projects.

Knowledge and skills associated to craftsmanship for built heritage conservation and rehabilitation: Case study—Historic Cairo

Historic Cairo — 2019 — WHE27E964898F

Historic Cairo's traditional craftsmanship, such as stonemasonry and plasterwork, is at risk due to rapid urban pressures but holds significant potential for heritage conservation. This study identifies key influences on these skills and explores their reintegration into architectural rehabilitation efforts. Using a holistic approach rooted in doctoral research at the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation, it examines how preserving craftsmanship can revitalize local communities while safeguarding cultural identity. The findings highlight the urgent need to address challenges threatening these living traditions, offering actionable insights for sustainable heritage management.

Komodo Dragon Attacks: The Changing of Human and Environment Relations

Komodo National Park — 2019 — WHE97B84503EC

Komodo dragons, despite being apex predators, do not primarily attack humans due to habitat loss or food scarcity. A 2013 study on Rinca Island, Komodo National Park, challenges the prevailing notion that such attacks stem from ecological disruptions caused by human economic expansion. Instead, it argues that these incidents arise from fundamental shifts in human-environmental relationships within conserved spaces. The research, conducted in a protected area designed to sustain dragon prey, found that attacks persist even when natural food sources are secure, suggesting that conservation efforts alone do not prevent aggression. This insight reframes the understanding of predator-human conflicts, emphasizing social and behavioral dynamics over ecological pressures.

Krakow as a Tourist Metropolitan Area. Impact of Tourism on the Economy of the City

Historic Centre of Kraków — 2019 — WHEACC54D6C1A

Tourism significantly boosts Kraków's economy, contributing over 8% to the city's GDP and generating nearly 40,000 jobs when accounting for multiplier effects. In 2018 alone, Kraków welcomed 13.5 million visitors, including 3 million international tourists, who spent approximately PLN 6.5 billion during their stay. The study analyzes tourism's economic impact by examining visitor numbers, income, and employment trends over the past decade, alongside shifts in tourist perceptions of the city's offerings. It also explores changes in visitor satisfaction and themes related to their experiences in Kraków.

Kreml ja Kreenholm, Talvepalee ja Toompea. Linnad stalinismiaja eesti luules / The Kremlin and Kreenholm, the Winter Palace and Toompea hill: Cities in Estonian Poetry of the Stalinist Era

Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn — 2019 — WHEA0A3073286

Estonian poetry during the Stalinist era (1940–1955) reflects a highly standardized and ideologized depiction of urban spaces, particularly focusing on Moscow, Leningrad, and Tallinn. The study reveals that while Socialist Realism prescribed aesthetic principles, local authors developed a unified aesthetics through imitation to avoid ideological missteps. Representations of cities were politicized, with Moscow and Leningrad serving as symbolic centers of Soviet power, while Tallinn was portrayed as a reflection of Moscow's authority, often emphasizing its medieval heritage alongside socialist reconstruction themes. The research analyzes 93 poetry collections from this period, identifying implicit rules governing urban imagery, such as the sacralization of Red Square in Moscow or the prominence of Toompea hill's Tall Hermann tower in Tallinn. The study also highlights the marginalization of smaller cities and outskirts, which were deemed politically insignificant compared to city centers.

Kris Lane. Potosí: The Silver City That Changed the World.

City of Potosí — 2019 — WHE31558631FA

Potosí's Cerro Rico, discovered in 1545, became the world's richest silver mine, fueling the Castilian Crown's economy and global trade. Kris Lane's book traces its impact from 1545 to Bolivia's independence in 1825, revealing how Potosí silver shaped economic systems and political power. The research highlights the mine's role in financing European expansion, minting high-value coins like the real de a ocho, and sustaining the Catholic Church's influence. Lane's approach combines historical narrative with economic analysis, supported by chroniclers' accounts and innovative experiments, such as Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's tracing of Potosí silver in global circulations, demonstrating its enduring legacy.

Kronborgs tre kroner. Kunst og heraldik som kampplads i 1500-tallets Norden

Kronborg Castle — 2019 — WHECE6C148CD0

A 16th-century heraldic controversy over the use of the three-crown symbol, associated with the Kalmar Union, remains unresolved despite the war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden (1563–1570). The study reveals that the Danish king, Frederik II, deliberately incorporated the three-crown motif into Kronborg Castle’s architecture, including spires and weather vanes, to assert his claim over this powerful symbol. This act underscores the personalization of politics in Scandinavia during this period, where royal reputation was inextricably linked to national identity. The research highlights how art and heraldry served as tools for propaganda, often functioning as indirect attacks on rival monarchs' reputations. By analyzing historical records and iconography, the study provides insight into the enduring significance of symbolic power in early modern Scandinavian politics.

Ksar Ait Ben Haddou : quelle démarche pour le développement social durable d'un site patrimoine mondial ?

Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou — 2019 — WHEE8F352CF49

A collaborative approach between researchers and local associations at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou reveals both positive social impacts and significant challenges, including resistance. The study highlights how community engagement can foster sustainable development but also underscores the complexities and tensions that arise in such dynamic processes.

Kültürel Miras Turizmi Değerlerinin Korunması ve Sürdürülebilirliği Kapsamında Yerel Halkın Tutumu: Cumalıkızık Örneği

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire — 2019 — WHE6C79E30673

Local communities in Cumalıkızık, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its cultural heritage, demonstrate strong support for sustainable tourism and the preservation of cultural assets. A 2018 survey revealed high awareness among residents regarding the importance of tourism and the need to protect their heritage, while also recognizing both potential benefits and risks associated with tourism development. This study highlights the significance of local engagement in balancing tourism growth with the conservation of cultural values, offering insights for similar heritage sites.

Kültürel Peyzajların Kırsal Turizm İle Kullanım İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Cumalıkızık-Bursa Örneği

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire — 2019 — WHE37918928C3

Cultural landscapes, characterized by their unique identity and local heritage, play a pivotal role in sustaining rural tourism. A study on Bursa-Cumalıkızık reveals that these landscapes significantly influence rural tourism utilization. The research identifies key cultural landscape values through fieldwork, observations, and expert consultations, then assesses their impact using SWOT analysis and TOWS matrices. Findings underscore the importance of preserving these values for effective rural tourism planning, aiming to provide a foundation for future development strategies in the region.

L’esigenza della sicurezza sismica nella ricostruzione di un minareto con le tecniche costruttive della tradizione

Ancient City of Aleppo — 2019 — WHE5DDAF4A19D

Research on the seismic safety of the Ummayyad Minaret in Aleppo reveals that its original masonry structure, despite surviving centuries of adversity, meets modern seismic safety standards. This finding justifies the use of traditional reconstruction techniques for the minaret, which was destroyed during recent conflicts. The study employed a combination of historical documentation and advanced structural analysis, comparing simplified global evaluations with nonlinear models to assess seismic capacity accurately. While the original construction methods demonstrated resilience, the research highlights the need to integrate modern technologies, such as specialized materials and strengthening criteria, to address gaps in contemporary knowledge about traditional techniques.

La Bibliothèque royale de Belgique , ses doubles, et la vente des doubles de la bibliothèque de Tournai (1871)

Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai — 2019 — WHE9A1B9034ED

A significant portion of Tournai's pre-1800 library collections, including rare and historical documents, was dispersed after the 1940 destruction of its City Library. Today, only scattered duplicates—preserved in Brussels, Mons, or private holdings—offer a glimpse into these lost archives. This study highlights the Royal Library of Belgium’s acquisition of 82 Tournai duplicates in 1871, revealing that many were not mere second copies but irreplaceable patrimonial records. By analyzing surviving fragments and sales records, it reconstructs the scope of Tournai’s lost library heritage while addressing broader challenges of duplicate management across European institutions.

La ceramica domestica

Dougga / Thugga — 2019 — WHE13A33FD0FA

A comprehensive analysis of domestic pottery from the Ain Wassel excavation at Dougga (Thugga), Tunisia, reveals a rich assemblage of 8233 fragments, predominantly Common Ware, with significant quantities of Kitchen Calcitic Ware and African Red Slipped Table Ware. The study, integrating previously unstudied sherds, identifies 1250 forms, providing insights into local or regional production patterns from the late 6th to early 8th century AD. Notably, a redefined class of Rouletted African Kitchen Ware, linked to central Tunisian productions, was identified, along with evidence of residual pottery dating back to the 4th and 5th centuries AD. The findings, derived from both excavation and survey data, contextualize North African rural consumption patterns within the Byzantine West.

La configuración turística de las periferias urbano-rurales mediante estrategias gubernamentales. El caso de Xochimilco, Ciudad de México

Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco — 2019 — WHED579F98369

Xochimilco, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the urban-rural periphery of Mexico City, faces complex challenges due to tourism-driven urbanization. This study reveals that government strategies have reshaped its landscape, triggering socio-economic and environmental conflicts. By analyzing historical policies, researchers identify how tourism development has altered territorial dynamics, particularly in peripheral areas like Xochimilco. The findings highlight the need for sustainable planning to address these multifaceted impacts, offering insights for future urban-rural management in similar contexts.

La construcción de la Ciudad Universitaria de Nuevo León (1950-1969) y su relación con los precedentes del Tecnológico de Monterrey y de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Central University City Campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) — 2019 — WHED4057C72D7

The construction of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León's (UANL) university city campus (1950–1969) mirrored the architectural and institutional model of Mexico City’s UNAM but faced significant challenges due to limited federal support. Unlike UNAM, which received robust backing from the central government, UANL relied on local patronage, including partial corporate sponsorship, and navigated political hurdles such as a 1952 federal decree that imposed restrictive conditions on land use. The study highlights the pivotal role of rector and governor Raúl Rangel Frías in driving the project forward despite these obstacles. By analyzing archival records and comparing UANL’s development with its predecessors—ITESM (Tecnológico de Monterrey, founded 1945) and UNAM—the research contextualizes UANL’s emergence as Mexico’s second major university campus, emphasizing its delayed but resilient progress.