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Old-growth forests in Bulgaria: distribution, characteristics and conservation issues

Pirin National Park — 2018 — WHEA510B305F5

Old-growth forests in Bulgaria, particularly those dominated by Pinus heldreichii in the Pirin Mountains and Picea abies in the Rila and Rhodopes, exhibit unique structural characteristics shaped by historical disturbances such as fires, avalanches, and windthrows. These forests often feature dead wood volumes exceeding 100 m³/ha in Picea-dominated stands and trees with diameters at breast height (DBH) surpassing 100 cm and ages over 500 years in Pinus nigra forests. However, current fire exclusion practices and past management have altered understory dynamics, increasing deciduous species in some areas. The study identifies logging, including sanitary fellings within national parks, and tourist infrastructure expansion as significant threats to these ecosystems. Research utilized historical disturbance records and structural analyses to evaluate conservation status, emphasizing the need for balanced management strategies.

Olympic National Park

Olympic National Park — 2018 — WHE0B9D11E918

Olympic National Park stands as a dynamic living laboratory for ecological renewal, particularly highlighted by the regeneration of the Elwha River basin following dam removal. This guidebook offers a comprehensive exploration of the park's diverse ecosystems—ranging from old-growth rainforests to glaciated peaks and coastal shipwreck sites—while emphasizing its unique biodiversity and ongoing conservation efforts. The text delves into the natural and human history of nearly 900,000 acres, providing practical insights for visitors, detailed species checklists, and a focused examination of endangered species recovery. It underscores the evolving understanding of ecological processes and the impact of human actions on these systems, blending scientific rigor with accessible storytelling.

On Ancient Agriculture in Arid Regions of Central Asia: The Case of the Uvs Nuur Basin

Uvs Nuur Basin — 2018 — WHE08A9E2F6A4

A groundbreaking discovery reveals that the Uvs Nuur Basin, a vast arid region in southern Siberia and Central Asia, once supported extensive agriculture during the High Middle Ages. Satellite imagery uncovered dense irrigation networks and previously unknown ancient settlements, including what appears to be an ancient city surrounded by canals on the west coast of Lake Uvs Nuur. Field studies confirmed these findings, documenting remnants of irrigation systems, ruins, and settlements. Paleobotanical analysis of buried soils and peatlands identified Triticum sp. seeds, suggesting that the basin's current arid landscape was once a milder forest-steppe environment conducive to agriculture. Radiocarbon dating tentatively places the city's existence in this period, indicating a significant historical shift from pastoralism to agriculture.

On religious links between Mount Athos and Altai in the 19th — beginning of the 20th century

Mount Athos — 2018 — WHEB596D0E29E

A significant spiritual connection between Mount Athos and the Altai Region emerged in the late 19th century, marked by the introduction of an icon of Saint Panteleimon to Altai in 1879. This icon became a focal point for religious life, fostering new conversions and strengthening faith among the newly baptized. The study reveals that while Athonite asceticism influenced local religious practices, it did not fully integrate into the missionary openness of Altai monasteries. Key manifestations of this connection included pilgrimages, visits by monks from Athos, donations to Athonite monasteries, and the dissemination of spiritual literature. Notably, icons and relics from Mount Athos were revered as local shrines, contributing to the spread of Orthodoxy in the region.

On the Eocene mangroves of Wadi Al-Hitan World Heritage site, Fayum, Egypt

Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) — 2018 — WHEDE7897793F

Wadi Al-Hitan, Egypt's first site on UNESCO's Natural World Heritage List, preserves rare Eocene mangrove ecosystems from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian) period. This study describes a diverse assemblage of plant fossils, including root casts, rhizomes, leaf impressions, and petrified driftwood, alongside problematic fossils such as echinoderm hard parts and mineral-filled bivalve siphons. These findings provide critical insights into the paleoenvironmental conditions and biodiversity of Wadi Al-Hitan during the Bartonian stage, contributing to our understanding of ancient mangrove ecosystems in the region.

On the Excavation of Goguryeo Tomb Complex in Sindae-Dong (2)

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2018 — WHEEA6A645837

Archaeological excavations at the Sindae-Dong Goguryeo Tomb Complex, conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Academy of Social Sciences in North Korea, uncovered 28 stone-chambered earthen tombs, including painted burial mounds. The research revealed that this site was part of a much larger necropolis, with evidence suggesting hundreds of tombs once existed in the area. The tombs are arranged in neat rows within a rectangular perimeter, though some are scattered nearby. This study focused on the excavation methodology and findings from 10 specific tombs (9–18) unearthed in 2016, providing insights into the burial practices and architectural layout of the Goguryeo kingdom during its late period.

On the Excavation of Goguryeo Tomb Complex in Sindae-Dong (3)

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2018 — WHE916FE2BBA2

Archaeological excavations at the Sindae-Dong Goguryeo Tomb Complex, conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Academy of Social Sciences in North Korea, uncovered 28 stone-chambered earthen tombs, revealing evidence of a much larger, now-lost burial site. The study focused on 19–28th tombs, demonstrating that the original complex likely contained hundreds of graves, given the density and distribution of surviving structures. Located in North Pyongan Province, the tombs are arranged in neat rows within a rectangular enclosure, with some scattered nearby, suggesting organized funerary practices. This research provides critical insights into the scale and structure of Goguryeo burial sites, contributing to our understanding of this ancient Korean kingdom's funerary traditions.

On the Link Between External Forcings and Slope Instabilities in the Piton de la Fournaise Summit Crater, Reunion Island

Pitons Management Area — 2018 — WHE452FEBB243

A study on the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion Island) reveals that renewed eruptive activity, combined with external factors like rain and seismicity, significantly increases rockfall volumes in the summit crater. Analyzing 10,477 rockfalls between 2014–2016, researchers found pre-eruptive seismic events trigger the largest collapses, often with a delay of days, while rain alone does not cause major instabilities. The findings suggest that repetitive seismic vibrations and rainfall accelerate crack growth in fractured materials, leading to large-scale collapses. Larger rockfalls also appear to migrate toward future magma extrusion sites before eruptions.

On the Ocean age of Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou in a Natural Population, Shiretoko Peninsula, Japan

Shiretoko — 2018 — WHE736E7007F8

A study on masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in the Orumappu River, Shiretoko Peninsula, Japan, challenges conventional age assessment methods. Researchers tagged 667 wild smolts and recaptured 11 adults, all of which spent one winter at sea but showed inconsistencies in scale annuli—four lacked clear winter rings, while one exhibited two or three closely spaced resting zones. This suggests that relying solely on scale analysis may underestimate the ocean age of adult masu salmon, complicating population studies and conservation efforts.

On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Corfu (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Old Town of Corfu — 2018 — WHE6A7BB44ECB

A comprehensive study of Staphylinidae (rove beetles) on the Greek island of Corfu reveals a remarkably diverse fauna, with 446 named species identified—far exceeding that of other East Mediterranean islands. The research, based on nearly 10,000 specimens collected in late spring 2017 and historical records, describes two new species: Borboropora corcyrana and Ocypus corcyranus, while revalidating one name (Euplectus jonicus) and synonymizing six others. Notably, 118 species are recorded from Corfu for the first time, including 21 new to Greece. The study suggests that while some species may appear endemic, most likely represent broader distributions. This work significantly advances our understanding of Corfu's insect biodiversity, highlighting its unique ecological significance within the East Mediterranean.

One hundred years of paleoanthropology: An American perspective

Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian — 2018 — WHE0FC3072716

A review of paleoanthropological research over the past century highlights the significant contributions of American scholars to global understanding of human evolution, particularly through collaborative fieldwork and institutional involvement. The study traces shifts in perspectives from Eurocentric frameworks to more inclusive models that incorporate findings from Africa, Asia, and Eurasia. Key advances include the integration of Homo erectus into human ancestry, corrections to Neandertal postural misconceptions, and the establishment of Australopithecus as part of the human lineage. Challenges such as stratigraphic integrity and taphonomic analysis persist, alongside enduring issues like the culture-human form paradigm. The review underscores the evolution of methodologies, from typological constructs to populational approaches, and the impact of post-World War II global engagement on paleoanthropology.

Online Review Ratings and the Impact on the Number of Visits to a Tourist and Cultural Attraction: the case of the Loire Valley and TripAdvisor

The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes — 2018 — WHEC8148B33A0

A higher TripAdvisor rating significantly boosts both online and physical visits to tourist attractions in the Loire Valley, with each additional star increasing web traffic by 12.9 % and on-site visits by 8.3 %. The study tracked 104 major sites over a full year, combining server logs for website activity with official visitor counts from park management. It also found that browsing time on attraction pages rises as ratings improve, suggesting that positive reviews not only attract more visitors but also deepen engagement.

Origin and Development of Agriculture in New Guinea, Island Melanesia, and Polynesia

Kuk Early Agricultural Site — 2018 — WHE4D3F0BB214

Agriculture in the Pacific Islands began with early Holocene practices centered on vegetative propagation and underground storage organs, later evolving into complex systems. Kuk Swamp in Papua New Guinea's highlands offers one of the earliest records of agricultural intensification, showing mounded cultivation around 7000–6400 cal BP and wetland drainage by 4400–4000 cal BP. Unlike other regions in Near Oceania, which focused on fruit- and nut-bearing trees, Kuk’s landscape reveals a shift toward more intensive land management. By 3250–2800 cal BP, these practices spread with Lapita pottery-bearers into the western Pacific, while later Polynesian colonization (1000–750 cal BP) introduced new crops like the sweet potato, reshaping regional agriculture.

Origins of Modern Diplomacy: Aksum, Syria and Byzantium Between the West and the East

Aksum — 2018 — WHE5AAC6E0CCC

The kingdom of Aksum played a pivotal role in shaping early diplomacy as a mechanism for international relations, trade, and political influence. This study positions Aksumite diplomacy as a bridge between East and West, resonating social dimensions such as spirituality, culture, economics, and politics across ancient Rome, Byzantium, and beyond. Using historical-logical and systematic analysis, the research highlights Aksum's multi-vector policy, which emerged from unique historical conditions distinct from those of Europe and Asia. The findings underscore Aksum's significance in world history, demonstrating its extensive political and commercial influence during its heyday, with connections spanning Tropical Africa, the Mediterranean, Nile Valley, South Arabia, Persia, India, and Ceylon.

Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove — 2018 — WHE758D82B63B

The Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, located along the banks of the Osun River near Osogbo, Nigeria, serves as a significant cultural and religious site, embodying the spiritual connection between the Yoruba people and their guardian deity, Osun. This grove, spanning 75 hectares, is characterized by its strict prohibitions on hunting, farming, and permanent settlements, reflecting its sacred status. The site's origin traces back to the 1950s when colonialism, Christianity, and commerce threatened its cultural coherence. A pivotal moment occurred in 1959 when Susanne Wenger, an Austrian artist and Yoruba convert, was commissioned by ritual officials to revitalize the grove, marking a turning point in its preservation and cultural significance.

Ottoman architectural heritage in the Medina of Tunis: resistance through modern day artistic events

Medina of Tunis — 2018 — WHEC476DDA981

Modern art events serve as a tool to express the community's cultural 'psyche' and highlight the presence of Ottoman architectural heritage in the Medina of Tunis, despite structural changes from commercialism. This study focuses on how contemporary artistic activities, such as 'Interference' and 'Dream City,' foster crosscultural interactions and shape new experiences within the historical city walls. Using a qualitative research method, it examines the impact of hybrid representations induced by these events on the Ottoman architectural heritage, revealing its resilience in the face of gentrification.

Outstanding Universal Values of the Malaysian Forests

Gunung Mulu National Park — 2018 — WHE7A040042A3

Malaysian forests, including Gunung Mulu National Park and Kinabalu Park, exhibit diverse Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) that qualify them for UNESCO World Heritage status. While Peninsular Malaysia’s forests lack this recognition, three reserved areas—Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Royal Belum National Park, and Gombak Selangor Quartz Ridge—are under consideration. The study highlights how these sites meet OUV criteria, emphasizing their ecological significance for flora and fauna while reflecting Malaysia’s rich natural heritage. By analyzing the distinct OUV applied to different forests, the research underscores the uniqueness and conservation importance of Malaysian ecosystems.

Owls in urban narratives: implications for conservation and environmental education in NW Patagonia (Argentina)

Los Alerces National Park — 2018 — WHE106C7E956D

A significant surge in owl populations following a rodent boom in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina, has sparked both ecological concern and human conflict. The study reveals that while 74% of respondents recognize owls as primarily rodent predators, deep-seated myths persist: 61% associate them with diabolical traits, while 13% view them as wise symbols. These perceptions drive divergent behaviors, from protection to extermination. An intercultural educational approach, integrating academic and traditional knowledge, effectively increased student interest in owl conservation. The research underscores the need for targeted environmental education and state-led conservation programs to mitigate human-owl conflicts in urban Patagonian areas.

Painting of Ajanta

Ajanta Caves — 2018 — WHE6CFC700A0A

Ajanta Caves, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1983, stand out for their unique confluence of painting, sculpture, and architecture. These caves, located in a picturesque valley along the Baghora river in Maharashtra, India, are renowned for their vibrant paintings depicting the stories of the birth and rebirth of Mahatma Buddha, known as Jataka Katha. The serene environment of Ajanta, situated in what was once a village called Ajistha, likely attracted Buddhist monks for Kala Sadhana (artistic practice). The cave's paintings have historically drawn both Indian artists and spectators, inspiring numerous imitations over time. This study highlights the significance of Ajanta Caves as a pivotal center of Buddhist art, emphasizing its cultural and artistic heritage.

Paintings in the Church of San Julián de los Prados in Oviedo. An Analysis of Aniconic Paintings in the Framework of Art in the Mediterranean

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias — 2018 — WHEA55CE0F252

The Church of San Julián de los Prados in Oviedo features unique aniconic paintings that challenge traditional understandings of medieval Iberian art. These paintings, devoid of human figures but adorned with geometric patterns and golden crosses, suggest a deliberate artistic choice influenced by the Asturian monarchy's desire to assert its authority while drawing from both Roman heritage and contemporary Mediterranean trends. The study critically examines past research, comparing these works to those in Ravenna, Thessaloniki, and Damascus, while exploring potential links to iconoclasm and 'adoptionist heresy' beliefs prevalent in 9th-century Iberia. Through a fresh analysis of historical and artistic evidence, the research sheds light on the theological and political motivations behind this distinctive body of work.