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Paisaje biocultural y territorio, reflexiones sobre la gestión del patrimonio del “paisaje agavero y antiguas instalaciones del tequila”

Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila — 2018 — WHE0E696CE49A

UNESCO's designation of the Agave Landscape and Ancient Installations of Tequila as a World Heritage Site underscores its significance as a living and productive landscape, cultivated for four centuries by local communities. This site is divided into three zones: Core Zone 1 (34,000 hectares), dominated by the Tequila Volcano and human settlements; Core Zone 2, encompassing the archaeological site of Guachimontones; and the Buffer Zone (51,000 hectares), including the Santiago River Valley. The study highlights the critical challenge of maintaining local population engagement to prevent land abandonment while promoting cultural values, traditions, and sustainable practices tied to agave cultivation. It emphasizes the need for integrating tourism and new technologies without adverse environmental impacts, ensuring the preservation of this unique biocultural landscape. The research also advocates for adapting strategies to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, aligning with the State Action Plan on Climate Change.

Paleovegetação da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro) no Holoceno através do estudo de fitólitos e isótopos do carbono (Paleovegetation of Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro) in the Holocene through the study of phytoliths and carbon isotopes)

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2018 — WHEC4522B0D68

A study of Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals that the island's vegetation has remained predominantly arboreal and stable over the last 4,000 years, mirroring current conditions. Using phytolith analysis and carbon isotope measurements, researchers found a consistent dominance of C3 plants, indicative of rainforest cover, suggesting long-term bioclimatic equilibrium. While erosion due to high rainfall and relief gradient has altered fossil phytoliths, the study highlights the resilience of Ilha Grande's Atlantic Forest ecosystem under varying environmental pressures.

Pames, Jonaces, and Franciscans in the Sierra Gorda: Mecos and Missionaries

Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro — 2018 — WHEA0E853E471

Robert H. Jackson's work, 'Pames, Jonaces, and Franciscans in the Sierra Gorda: Mecos and Missionaries,' offers a nuanced exploration of two centuries of interaction between Franciscan missionaries and the Pames and Jonaces, indigenous Chichimeca groups in Mexico's Sierra Gorda region. The study adopts a mission history and historical demography approach, focusing on the establishment and demographic impact of missions while also examining the transformation of sacred landscapes and native ways of life. Jackson contrasts his findings with earlier mission models from Michoacán and Oaxaca, revealing how missions were superimposed onto pre-Hispanic political structures. While the primary emphasis lies on mission buildings and congregations, the work provides valuable insights into the power dynamics between colonizers and indigenous populations during this period.

Pamukkale/Hierapolis dünya miras alanı’nda ziyaretçi taşıma kapasitesinin belirlenmesi

Hierapolis-Pamukkale — 2018 — WHEDA347082B1

A study on Pamukkale/Hierapolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple conservation statuses, reveals that the site's visitor capacity is being exceeded, leading to environmental degradation and management challenges. Researchers found that while physical carrying capacity (PCC) exceeds current visitor numbers by only 10%, social carrying capacity (SCC) is surpassed by twice as much, indicating that perceived crowding negatively impacts visitor experience and sustainability. The study used surveys to assess PCC and SCC across different paths and seasonal conditions, confirming that overvisitation is a key factor in the site's deterioration. Recommendations include implementing measures to balance conservation and visitation while enhancing sustainability and visitor satisfaction.

Panorama Konstantynopola w Liber chronicarum Hartmanna Schedla (1493). Miasto idealne – memoria chrześcijaństwa

Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna — 2018 — WHE5713EC4C70

Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle (1493) presents idealized city panoramas, notably of Constantinople, blending medieval and Renaissance artistic traditions. A key finding is the consistent depiction of cities surrounded by defensive walls, often including feudal castles and towers, reflecting both historical accuracy and artistic convention. The study reveals that these woodcuts were influenced by Italian panel paintings, such as those by Taddeo di Bartolo, which portrayed cities as votive offerings to patron saints, devoid of everyday life but rich in symbolic architecture. Schedel's work also incorporates Renaissance utopian themes, merging Greek Arcadia with medieval cityscapes, reflecting contemporary political and cultural shifts. The research employs comparative analysis of medieval painting techniques, textual sources, and historical loci to interpret the Chronicle's artistic and historical significance.

Paradise in Stone: Representations of New World Plants and Animals on Spanish Colonial Churches in the Philippines

Baroque Churches of the Philippines — 2018 — WHEDCB9C5B477

Eighteenth-century Filipino architects and stonemasons incorporated elaborate stonework depicting New World plants and animals into church façades, reflecting local aesthetics and interest in exotic flora and fauna. This architectural innovation, evident in sites like the baroque church of Miag-ao in Iloilo, serves as a visual celebration of naturalia introduced to the Philippines through commercial exchanges during Spanish colonial rule. The study examines how these representations transcend mere ornamentation, offering insights into cultural innovation and the fusion of local and imported elements in Filipino art.

Partial albinism in the Revillagigedo sea chub Kyphosus sectatrix (Perciformes: Kyphosidae) from Clarion Island, Mexico

Archipiélago de Revillagigedo — 2018 — WHED7B54661F7

Researchers documented the first case of partial albinism in the Revillagigedo sea chub (Kyphosus sectatrix) from Clarion Island, Mexico. The specimen exhibited an entirely white body with black eyes, contrasting sharply with the typical xanthic coloration (yellow or black-blotched) observed in this species within the Revillagigedo Archipelago. This discovery highlights a rare phenotypic variation in a globally distributed reef fish, contributing to the understanding of color polymorphism in marine organisms. The observation was made during a 2016 expedition, underscoring the importance of field surveys in uncovering biodiversity phenomena.

Patrimonio moderno, ciudad contemporánea: Ciudad universitaria de Caracas

Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas — 2018 — WHE8BB4E7C62D

The Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas stands as a testament to modernist architecture while integrating traditional Venezuelan elements. Designed by Carlos Raúl Villanueva and his team of professionals and artists, it embodies the principles of the Modern Movement and reflects the architectural evolution of its time. This study highlights the challenges in preserving such a site, which, after six decades, mirrors both the strengths and conflicts of contemporary Venezuela. The research focuses on the perspective of an architect restorer working within the site's governing body, emphasizing the complexities of conservation, knowledge advancement, and valorization of this significant cultural heritage.

Patrimônios mundiais em contextos nacionais distintos: construindo paralelos entre Brasil e Portugal através dos casos de São Miguel das Missões e do Centro Histórico de Évora

Historic Centre of Évora — 2018 — WHEA4274F1393

This study identifies common challenges and tensions in the management of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, using the historic centers of Évora (Portugal) and São Miguel das Missões (Brazil) as case studies. Both sites were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1983 and 1986, respectively, reflecting their significance in national heritage policies. The research focuses on the processes leading to their inscription during the 1980s, highlighting the interplay between local heritage trajectories and global patrimonialization efforts. It reveals that while these sites serve as benchmarks for heritage management, they also face shared struggles, such as balancing internal heritage narratives with international recognition.

Patterns of activity and body temperature of Aldabra giant tortoises in relation to environmental temperature

Aldabra Atoll — 2018 — WHEDD46F099B4

Aldabra giant tortoises exhibit mixed thermoregulatory behavior, balancing between temperature conformity and regulation. Research reveals that their activity peaks at an environmental temperature of 27.9°C (range: 25.8–31.7°C) and is influenced by seasonal variations. Core body temperature stability is more strongly linked to ambient conditions than to mass, with higher-mass tortoises showing slightly more stable temperatures only in cold environments. The study challenges the notion of inertial homeothermy, suggesting that thermal inertia depends on environmental factors rather than inherent physiological traits. This finding provides critical insights for managing the thermal environment of wild and rewilded populations, especially under climate change.

Patterns of Faunal Utilization and Sociopolitical Organization at the Mississippian Period Kincaid Mounds Site

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2018 — WHEAFE995C56B

A new analysis of faunal remains from the Kincaid Mounds site reveals patterns consistent with elite consumption, mirroring those observed at Cahokia. The study found that deer body parts and rare species were distributed in ways suggesting controlled access, possibly linked to redistributive economies. By applying utility indices and anatomical units to five archaeological contexts, researchers compared Kincaid’s data with other Mississippian sites in southern Illinois, providing insights into sociopolitical organization during this period. The findings support the argument for significant stratification within Mississippian polities, challenging views of political decentralization.

Patterns of Plant Community Formation and Vegetation Structure in the Afro-Alpine Vegetation of Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Simien National Park — 2018 — WHEC6D0DCEBC9

A study of Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, reveals distinct patterns in plant community formation and vegetation structure within its afro-alpine ecosystems. Researchers identified three unique plant community types, characterized by varying species richness, diversity, and evenness. The analysis highlighted Asteraceae as the most species-rich family, while Poaceae dominated the flora. Herbs constituted 90.7% of the recorded 86 species, with shrubs and trees making up smaller proportions. Population structure analysis of dominant species showed diverse patterns, emphasizing the need for tailored management strategies to sustain these communities due to habitat heterogeneity. The research employed systematic sampling across stratified mountain strata, leveraging Sorensen's similarity coefficient and Shannon-Wiener diversity index for community analysis.

Pb isotope geochemistry and reappraisal of Sr-Nd isotopes of the Cerro Morado basic magmatism (Ischigualasto-Villa Union Triassic basin, NW Argentina): Implications for the mantle sources

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2018 — WHE80C8EC686E

A new isotopic analysis of alkaline basalts from the Los Baldecitos Formation in Argentina's Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Triassic basin reveals that these rocks originated from a single, uncontaminated mantle source with a PREMA reservoir signature. The study, using Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, found moderately radiogenic lead compositions and highly radiogenic neodymium values, indicating minimal crustal involvement or ancient crust influence. Contrary to previous suggestions, the data rule out a HIMU component in the mantle source, providing clearer insights into the region's geological history.

Pediment Type Grave Steles from Safranbolu

City of Safranbolu — 2018 — WHEFDFEA4D265

A unique pediment-type grave stela from Safranbolu, Turkey, challenges existing archaeological classifications due to its unprecedented size (3.95 m × 2.13 m) and schematic processing on massive blocks. Unlike smaller, fronton-based stelas, this artifact—dated to the 2nd–3rd century AD—features intricate depictions of tools, fruits, and animals, linking it to chamosorion graves in South Paphlagonia. The discovery provides critical insights into Roman-era burial traditions and grave architecture, revealing regional specificity in funerary practices. By comparing this stela with nearby in-situ graves, researchers identified its distinctive 'Pediment Stela' type, offering a rare window into the material culture of ancient Anatolia.

Pengelolaan Cagar Budaya untuk Kepentingan Publik di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali

Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy — 2018 — WHED762CA462F

A collaborative management approach between local government and communities effectively sustains public use of five UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Gianyar, Bali. These sites—including Pegulingan Temple, Tirta Empul, Mengening Temple, Gunung Kawi, and Goa Gajah—demonstrate how the Subak irrigation system's Tri Hita Karana philosophy (harmony with gods, people, and nature) underpins cultural heritage preservation. The study employed qualitative methods: field observations, interviews, and literature reviews to analyze data. Findings reveal that community involvement through Community Resource Management (CRM) not only benefits locals but also strengthens the sites' archaeological significance by integrating them into daily life. This model offers a sustainable alternative to top-down conservation strategies.

Perceived Benefits by the Fringe Villager of Kaziranga National Park in Respect of Animal Husbandry

Kaziranga National Park — 2018 — WHE4CC113BDF3

A survey of fringe villagers near Kaziranga National Park revealed that education level significantly influences perceived benefits from livestock rearing (P<0.01), while government and forest authority support was rated low by 69% of respondents. Only 49% reported medium benefits for livestock, with 41% citing poor veterinary support and 62% lacking technical assistance. Despite 72% feeling basic amenities had improved, most villagers expressed dissatisfaction with institutional backing, highlighting a critical gap in resource allocation that may hinder sustainable livelihoods near protected areas.

Perestroika to Parkland: The Evolution of Land Protection in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2018 — WHE3035228184

Tajik National Park, located in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, has evolved from a Soviet-era depopulated landscape to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reflecting complex socio-political and environmental transformations. The study reveals that post-perestroika migration in the 1980s allowed Tajik farmers and Kirghiz pastoralists to resettle the region, which was already rich in biodiversity due to decades of restricted human activity. This period marked a turning point for conservation efforts, culminating in the establishment of Tajik National Park in 1992 and its designation as a World Heritage Site in 2013. The research combines field and archival data to trace the global diffusion of protected areas, analyze the biophysical properties of the Pamirs, and assess their potential for UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status. The findings highlight the region's suitability for transboundary conservation, aligning with the Man and the Biosphere model.

Perspectives on landscape

Rideau Canal — 2018 — WHECBF466CC18

Canada's landscape conservation approaches diverge from international models, emphasizing place-based values and Indigenous intangible cultural practices. This study highlights how these perspectives shape conservation frameworks, using the Rideau Canal (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) and Pimachiowin Aki as case studies. The research proposes principles for integrating Indigenous knowledge into landscape management, offering a values-based framework that prioritizes intangible heritage alongside tangible features. By drawing on both sites, it demonstrates how cultural beliefs and practices can inform sustainable conservation strategies.

Petrocodon asterocalyx, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China

China Danxia — 2018 — WHE782B8909AD

Researchers have identified Petrocodon asterocalyx as a new species of Gesneriaceae from the Danxia landform area in Guangxi, China. This discovery was supported by both molecular and morphological data, distinguishing it from closely related species such as P. hancei and P. coriaceifolius. Key differentiating features include calyx lobes measuring 20–40 × 2–3 mm, a corolla length of 2.5–3.0 cm, and specific traits in pubescence, staminodes, and stigmas. The study highlights the biodiversity richness of the Danxia landform, contributing to our understanding of plant diversity in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Philipp Melanchthon: Zur populären Rezeption des Reformators ed. by Stefan Rhein and Martin Treu

Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg — 2018 — WHEE3BE86B364

A collection of essays offers a balanced examination of the popular reception of Philipp Melanchthon, one of the Reformation's most influential figures, across literary and artistic forms. Contrasting with earlier negative portrayals, the volume analyzes diverse sources to illustrate how later generations perceived Melanchthon, revealing his enduring resonance in early-modern Europe—even surpassing that of Martin Luther. The essays explore twentieth-century German literature, edification literature, school textbooks, graphic art, film, and memorials, highlighting shifts in historical memory, particularly during Nazi rule and post-war periods. They also examine cultural contexts influencing Melanchthon's image, such as his home in Wittenberg, birthplace in Bretten, and connections in Nuremberg. The study underscores the complex interplay of Romanticism, theological debates, and cultural values in shaping Melanchthon's legacy over centuries.