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Political Strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Archaeological Site of Monte Albán — 2018 — WHE45E18B788B

A comprehensive analysis of political strategies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica reveals the diverse and dynamic nature of centralized authority across time and space. The study challenges the monolithic view of governance, employing Weberian and Foucauldian frameworks to explore how rulers negotiated authority, supernatural mediation, and social relations. Through a broad range of case studies—from Río Viejo in Oaxaca to Teotihuacan and the Purépecha empire—the research demonstrates that political control varied significantly, with some sites like Monte Albán achieving integration while others, such as Middle Preclassic Ceibal, exhibited limited coercive power. The volume also highlights the role of elite lineages, patron deities, and landscape in legitimizing rule, offering new insights into the endurance and contradictions of ancient Mesoamerican states.

Políticas de accesibilidad física a las ciudades universitarias latinoamericanas: una revisión crítica

Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas — 2018 — WHE8853E3CAEB

A critical analysis of physical accessibility policies in Latin American university cities reveals a paradox: institutions dedicated to driving societal change often lag behind global practices addressing climate change, urban congestion, and health. The study examined four campuses—Río de Janeiro, Caracas, and Buenos Aires—to assess how mobility challenges hinder their potential as agents of innovation. Findings underscore the need for universities to leverage their intellectual and social capacity to model sustainable, inclusive urban solutions. By questioning existing practices and mobilizing communities, these institutions could serve as catalysts for broader societal transformation.

Pollen and Seed Morphology of Some Endemic Taxa in Saint Catherine, Sinai, Egypt

Saint Catherine Area — 2018 — WHEBA3F375957

A groundbreaking study reveals the macro-and micro-morphological characteristics of seeds and pollen grains from 12 endemic plant taxa in Saint Catherine, South Sinai, Egypt. Eight seed types and three pollen morphologies are described for the first time, providing critical insights into the unique biodiversity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Researchers employed light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze seed shape, color, size, surface texture, epidermal cell structure, and pollen features such as shape, size, apertures, and exine ornamentation. This detailed morphological analysis enhances our understanding of the region's endemic flora and contributes valuable data for conservation efforts.

Pollution of the sediments of the coastal zone of the Sambia Peninsula and the Curonian Spit (Southeastern Baltic Sea)

Curonian Spit — 2018 — WHE87A48BB009

A significant area with anomalous levels of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) has been identified on the underwater coastal slope of the Curonian Spit National Park, far from known pollution sources. The study attributes this contamination to alongshore bed load transport, which carries pollutants away from heavily used areas like the Sambia Peninsula and deposits them in pristine zones. Researchers employed a detailed environmental survey, analyzing sediment samples for PHE distribution and calculating ecological indexes to pinpoint transit and accumulation zones. This finding underscores the vulnerability of even remote coastal ecosystems to long-range pollution transport, posing risks to the biodiversity of UNESCO-listed sites like the Curonian Spit.

Population density and developmental stress in the Neolithic: A diachronic study of dental fluctuating asymmetry at Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100–5,950 BC)

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2018 — WHE88344BECB3

A moderate decrease in dental fluctuating asymmetry during the late phase of occupation at Çatalhöyük suggests improved living conditions, possibly linked to reduced population density. This study analyzed a large sample (N = 259) of Neolithic adults, examining mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameters of canines and molars to assess developmental stress. While no sex differences were observed, the findings indicate persistent stressors throughout the site's occupation, with diet acting as a buffer against demographic pressures. The research highlights the biological impacts of population density changes during the Neolithic transition from foraging to farming.

Population estimates of the Endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) in different habitats on windward Mauna Loa

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2018 — WHE98A831857C

The global population of the endangered Hawaiʻi ʻĀkepa (Loxops coccineus) is estimated at approximately 16,428 birds, with stability or growth observed in the two largest populations on Mauna Kea. This study used point-transect distance sampling to estimate abundance across five distinct populations, including those in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and Kaʻū Forest Reserve on windward Mauna Loa. Population densities varied significantly by habitat, reaching 1.03 birds per hectare in open-canopy montane ʻōhiʻa woodland but were highest (1.42 birds/ha) in closed-canopy forests on Mauna Kea, where the species relies on cavities in tall trees. Surveys revealed stark differences in nesting habitat availability between Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, suggesting potential behavioral adaptations. The global estimate aligns with a 1986 figure, indicating no drastic decline over three decades.

Population numbers, density and activity patterns of servals in savannah patches of Odzala‐Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2018 — WHE09ACED2D65

A study in Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo, provides the first robust density estimates for servals (Leptailurus serval) in Central Africa, with densities ranging from 7.7 to 9.8 individuals per 100 km². The research used camera-trapping over eight months, capturing 51 individuals, predominantly the servaline morph characterized by small 'freckled' spots. Analysis revealed distinct activity patterns between males and females, with males being largely nocturnal while females were mainly diurnal, likely influenced by the presence of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). The study also highlights the importance of incorporating individual and trap placement covariates to improve precision in density estimates for future research.

Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2018 — WHEF18BB8EBD7

A critically endangered tree species, kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis), found exclusively in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia, faces severe population decline due to habitat loss and invasive species. Research using adaptive cluster sampling identified 280 individuals concentrated in Mount Payung, with only 20% mature, indicating an inverse-J-shaped population structure. The species' area of occupancy is estimated at 8 km², highlighting its extreme vulnerability. The invasive langkap palm (Arenga obtusifolia) poses the greatest threat, necessitating urgent conservation intervention to prevent further decline and potential extinction.

Population status of four endemic land bird species after an unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island

Henderson Island — 2018 — WHEDAFFFB28A9

An unsuccessful rodent eradication on Henderson Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Pitcairn Group, revealed that even temporary reductions in invasive rat populations can benefit some endemic bird species. The study found that the Henderson Reed Warbler and Henderson Fruit Dove showed significant population increases post-eradication attempts, likely due to reduced predation pressure and competition for fruit, respectively. However, natural factors like a prolonged drought may have also influenced these trends, complicating definitive attribution of recovery to rodent reduction alone. Researchers used point counts at 25 locations over four years (2011–2015) and binomial mixture models to account for detection probabilities, emphasizing the need for robust pre- and post-management monitoring to clarify species responses in such operations.

Population Status, Distribution, and Threats of Colobus guereza gallarum in Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia

Bale Mountains National Park — 2018 — WHE9CFBE63D6E

A stable population of the Guereza monkey (Colobus guereza gallarum) was recorded in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, with no significant seasonal variation. The study estimated 116 individuals during the wet season and 113 in the dry season, maintaining a balanced sex ratio (1:1.1 male to female) and an age structure favoring adults (young to adult ratio of 1:4.45). While habitat destruction from logging, farmland expansion, and settlement posed threats, local communities held positive perceptions due to the species' ecological and cultural significance. The research employed line transect surveys and questionnaires to assess population status, distribution, and threats, providing critical data for conservation efforts in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Portobelo y el San Lorenzo del Chagres: Perspectivas imperiales, siglos XVI–XIX

Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo — 2018 — WHE940C3F3EB1

A comprehensive two-volume work by Alfredo Castillero Calvo sheds new light on Portobelo and San Lorenzo, revealing their pivotal role in the Spanish imperial trade system from the 16th to 19th centuries. The study demonstrates that despite the decline of the Galeones trade after 1664, Portobelo remained a critical hub for transisthmian commerce, defense, and urban life, with its fortifications playing a key role in deterring foreign invasions, such as Edward Vernon's failed 1742 assault. Castillero Calvo's exhaustive analysis, based on original research from Spanish archives, explores the evolution of Portobelo's defenses, military finance, and societal dynamics, while contextualizing Panama's place within broader Spanish American history. The work also highlights the resilience of local elites in commerce and their shifting economic dependence post-fairs.

Portrait of an Island: The Architecture and Material Culture of Gorée, Sénégal, 1758–1837

Island of Gorée — 2018 — WHE6AE07B4E67

A nuanced portrait of Gorée Island, Senegal (1758–1837), reveals its role as a diverse, multicultural trading hub that predates modern globalism. Through architectural analysis, archival documents, and anecdotal evidence, the study challenges grand historical narratives by centering on ordinary lives—including those of signares, Europeans, free blacks, and slaves—exposing complex social dynamics and identities. It also debunks misconceptions about Gorée's role in the transatlantic slave trade while highlighting its architectural evolution post-disasters (e.g., fire, yellow fever). The research employs cartography, material culture studies, and postcolonial theory to critique dominant historical perspectives, offering a humanized alternative that questions official narratives.

Positioning of tourists’ affective images at living heritage sites : Focused on Bukchon Hanok Village, Andong Hahoe Village, Oeam Historic Village, and Jeonju Hanok Village in South Korea

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2018 — WHEE7023DFC72

Tourists' affective images at four living heritage sites in South Korea—Bukchon Hanok Village, Andong Hahoe Village, Oeam Historic Village, and Jeonju Hanok Village—primarily revolve around 'beautiful,' 'traditional,' and 'charming' themes. These sites, part of the UNESCO-listed 'Historic Villages of Korea,' were analyzed through surveys of 404 visitors using multidimensional scaling (PROXSCAL) and semantic differential scales to map emotional perceptions. While all four sites share core affective attributes, subtle differences in their positioning were observed. The study suggests that leveraging these emotional associations could enhance sustainable tourism strategies for living heritage sites, balancing cultural preservation with visitor engagement.

Positions and Professions in Palmyra

Site of Palmyra — 2018 — WHE85C4D34BBC

A comprehensive analysis of Palmyrene professions and social structures reveals the diverse occupational landscape of ancient Palmyra, shedding light on its economic and administrative organization. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating epigraphic, numismatic, and archaeological evidence to reconstruct the roles and status of various professional groups, from merchants and artisans to religious figures. This volume, part of the Palmyra Portrait Project (PPP) at Aarhus University, highlights the significance of Palmyra as a crossroads of trade and culture in the ancient world.

Post-Conflict Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Rebuilding Knowledge, Memory and Community from War-Damaged Material Culture

Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection — 2018 — WHE603954B0EA

Post-conflict archaeology emerges as a critical field, blending historical archaeology with the urgent need to address modern cultural heritage destruction and community healing. This volume presents diverse case studies from global conflict zones, analyzing effective strategies for post-conflict reconstruction that prioritize local relevance and community involvement. It highlights legal frameworks like the 1954 Hague Convention and the role of international organizations such as UNESCO in mitigating damage. The research emphasizes the importance of collaboration between scholars and military forces to safeguard heritage sites, while also critiquing shared responsibility narratives. Successful projects, such as those in Afghanistan and Brazil, demonstrate how community-archaeology approaches can foster pride and acceptance of cultural heritage, even among marginalized groups. Conversely, it warns against potential misuse of heritage work, as seen in Rwanda, where memorials risk perpetuating tribal divisions. The book also showcases innovative documentation projects like EAMENA and NKDP, which leverage satellite imagery to identify at-risk sites. Ultimately, it underscores the need for methodologically sound, community-inclusive conservation efforts to ensure sustainable heritage protection and post-conflict societal healing.

Post-imperial statecraft: high modernism and the politics of land dispossession in Ethiopia’s pastoral frontier

Lower Valley of the Omo — 2018 — WHE64A19DE274

The current EPRDF/TPLF government in Ethiopia continues to employ high-modernist development strategies, mirroring imperial ambitions, particularly in the pastoral lowlands of the Lower Omo Valley. This study reveals that two key elements—frontier expansion and high modernism—drive land dispossession, state legitimization, and suppression of dissent. Frontier imaginations are mobilized by government officials and company managers to justify large-scale relocations of pastoral communities, often through violent means. The research combines a historical review of Ethiopia's high-modernist ambitions with a detailed case study of contemporary land dispossessions in the Lower Omo Valley, exposing the ongoing impact of these colonial-era practices on local populations.

Potency of Curculigo capitulata and Curculigo latifolia Fruit Based on Nutrient Content (a Case for Preservation Need in Kebonharjo)

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2018 — WHE0B4F54EFD9

A study reveals that the fruits of Curculigo capitulata and Curculigo latifolia, traditionally used as natural sweeteners in Kebonharjo, Indonesia, contain significant levels of minerals such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Notably, C. capitulata lacks sucrose while C. latifolia does not contain glucose. This research highlights the nutritional potential of these plants, which are threatened by infrastructure development near Borobudur Temple. The study employed laboratory analysis to quantify mineral content, carbohydrate compounds (glucose, fructose, sucrose), and Vitamin C in their fruits, providing critical data for conservation efforts amid plans for a road construction program connecting New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) to the temple.

Potential and limits for rapid genetic adaptation to warming in a Great Barrier Reef coral

Great Barrier Reef — 2018 — WHE510B12BEA3

A rapid genetic adaptation to warming is possible for the coral Acropora millepora on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), according to a study combining genomics, biophysical modeling, and evolutionary simulations. The research found that high migration rates—matching larval dispersal patterns—facilitate the spread of heat-tolerant alleles southward, preserving local thermal adaptation while enabling region-wide genetic shifts over 100-250 years. However, populations may become increasingly vulnerable to random thermal fluctuations like ENSO cycles or heat waves, aligning with recent bleaching trends. The study suggests that standing genetic variation could drive adaptation, but novel mutations' potential remains uncertain due to unknown genetic parameters and warming rates.

Potential for Transformation of Urban Open Public Spaces in Modernist Multi-Apartment Districts in Lithuania

Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939 — 2018 — WHEC744F6B598

Modernist Kaunas offers significant potential for transforming its urban open public spaces to enhance sustainable development. Research using sociotope mapping identified that current spaces lack the diversity needed to fully utilize natural, social, and economic values throughout different times of the year and day. The study, conducted in three pilot districts, employed site observation protocols and user questionnaires to reveal gaps in space functionality, emphasizing the need for adaptive planning that accommodates various users—individuals, families, and organizations—to foster more dynamic and inclusive urban environments.

Potential impacts of projected climate change on vegetation-management strategies in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2018 — WHED7B81C829E

Climate change is projected to significantly alter the habitat ranges of both native and invasive plant species within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) by 2090, threatening current vegetation-management strategies. Native plant species are expected to contract in range, particularly within Special Ecological Areas (SEAs), while most invasive species will also shrink in distribution, except for Lantana camara. The study combined climate modeling from the Hawai‘i Regional Climate Model (HRCM) with species distribution models, projecting changes under three climate trajectories (gradual, linear, rapid) for 39 plant species. Findings indicate a decline in congruence between species-richness hotspots and SEA boundaries over time, suggesting that current conservation efforts may need to adapt to shifting ecological conditions.