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Showing 18881 – 18900 of 30345 publications

Potentials of forest ecosystem services for primate conservation and human wellbeing

Sundarbans National Park — 2018 — WHE2828AFE2DD

A comprehensive valuation of ecosystem services (ESS) in the Sundarbans National Park reveals their substantial economic and non-monetary contributions, amounting to over US$129.84 million annually. These services include air purification, water storage, soil erosion reduction, carbon sequestration, provisioning, and recreation. The study also highlights significant non-monetary benefits such as knowledge generation, cultural enrichment, and global networking. A community-based ecotourism program (CBET) was found to enhance recreational value, increase tourist satisfaction, and foster collective conservation efforts. Additionally, the research demonstrates that livelihood capitals significantly influence local communities' access to provisioning services, thereby improving social freedom and non-drinking water availability. This study underscores the critical role of ESS in both primate conservation and human wellbeing, providing a robust framework for sustainable management strategies.

Pottecher (Marie), Haegel (Olivier) et Doucet (Hervé) dir., La Neustadt de Strasbourg, Un laboratoire urbain (1871-1930)

Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt — 2018 — WHEDDCBCC25A9

The Neustadt district of Strasbourg, once criticized for its aesthetic shortcomings by the chief architect of historic monuments in 1960, has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2017. This prestigious designation reflects a shift in perception and appreciation of the urban ensemble, highlighting it as a shared cultural heritage. The study, directed by Marie Pottecher, Olivier Haegel, and Hervé Doucet, explores the transformation and significance of the Neustadt from its inception in 1871 to 1930, emphasizing its role as an urban laboratory that has left a lasting impact on the city's development.

Povos tradicionais caiçaras, educação escolar e justiça ambiental na Península da Juatinga, Paraty-RJ

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2018 — WHEA33C58A4CB

Traditional Caiçara communities in the Juatinga Peninsula, Paraty-RJ, face environmental injustice and expropriation, which are exacerbated by systemic social domination. Their struggle for access to school education emerges as a critical component of their resistance, serving as both a means to preserve their cultural identity and a tool to challenge these injustices. The study highlights how education becomes integral to the reproduction of traditional ways of life, positioning it as a focal point in the broader context of environmental justice. By analyzing the interplay between educational access, social domination, and environmental pressures, this research underscores the urgent need for policies that recognize and support the rights of these communities.

Power, Control and Citizenship: The Uluru Statement from the Heart as Active Citizenship

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park — 2018 — WHE2E74179EB6

The Uluru Statement from the Heart, emerging from a national dialogue among First Nations peoples, champions 'active citizenship' as a cornerstone of democratic governance. It redefines the relationship between lawmakers and citizens, emphasizing equal agency and power-sharing to foster reconciliation and restorative justice. This approach recalibrates power dynamics in Australia, promoting inclusive citizenship for all. The study analyzes how legal frameworks can limit governmental authority while empowering citizens, offering a blueprint for meaningful constitutional recognition that transcends traditional legal paradigms.

Precedent toponym as a political symbol

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2018 — WHE92254C7ABD

The toponym 'Red Square' embodies 16 distinct semantic meanings, serving as both a political symbol and a cultural marker in Russian discourse. This study reveals its layered significance—ranging from denotative to connotative and associative—highlighting how its interpretation varies between native and non-native speakers of Russian. Using continuous sampling from the Russian National Corpus, fiction, oral speech, and internet resources, researchers applied semantic analysis to identify its core meanings (semes). The findings underscore Red Square's role as a precedent toponym, deeply rooted in Russian cultural competence, while also functioning as a global symbol of state power for foreign language learners. This research bridges linguistic analysis with political symbolism, offering insights into how place names evolve in meaning across cultures.

Precise Fecal Microbiome of the Herbivorous Tibetan Antelope Inhabiting High-Altitude Alpine Plateau

Qinghai Hoh Xil — 2018 — WHEFE64E10392

Researchers have identified a core fecal microbiome in the Tibetan antelope, a high-altitude herbivore, that includes potentially new bacterial species with implications for human health. Using advanced metataxonomic analysis—combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing via PacBio technology and operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) approach—the study analyzed 104 fecal samples from antelopes in Qinghai Hoh Xil, a depopulated zone on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at over 4,500 meters altitude. The findings reveal that the antelope's core microbiome is dominated by uncultured bacteria, including unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Akkermansia, and Christensenellaceae, which are linked to human longevity or health benefits. Notably, 256 potentially new species were detected, along with sequences unrelated to known families, suggesting untapped bacterial diversity. These organisms may hold promise for promoting health or combating intestinal dysbiosis, warranting further isolation and evaluation.

Prediction of the Site Index for a Subtropical Broad-Leaved Forest on Okinawa Island Using Topographic Factor

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2018 — WHE9661DB6C5A

Researchers have developed a method to predict the site index of subtropical broad-leaved forests, specifically Yambaru forest on Okinawa Island, using topographic factors. The study found that approximately 68% of the variance in forest productivity can be explained by three key topographic variables: effective relief, openness, and elevation, with effective relief being the most influential. This breakthrough enables fine-scale resolution predictions of forest productivity, which is crucial for balancing sustainable forestry practices with environmental conservation efforts in regions like Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island. The approach utilizes multiple regression analysis with easily calculable topographic factors, offering a practical tool for site index estimation that could potentially be refined further by incorporating additional environmental variables.

Prehistoric Panopticon: Settlement Visibility at Ancient Cahokia Mounds

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2018 — WHE4E13DE37E0

A novel application of the Panopticon concept to prehistoric Cahokia Mounds reveals that Monks Mound, the largest manmade earthen mound in the New World, was strategically positioned for omnipresent surveillance. Modeling visibility in a geographic information system demonstrated that the terraces on Monks Mound and its inhabitants would have been visible to most of the population, even accounting for subsequent landscape changes. This suggests that Cahokia's leaders may have used the mound's design to project a constant threat of surveillance, potentially reinforcing social order and cohesion among its large population. The study bridges modern architectural theory with prehistoric urban planning, offering insights into how ancient civilizations manipulated their environment for social control.

Prélèvements et premières caractérisations des mortiers des maçonneries de l’enceinte fortifiée de la vieille cité de Diyarbakır

Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape — 2018 — WHEE4E5903114

Initial mineralogical analysis of mortar samples from Diyarbakır Fortress reveals distinct compositional variations linked to different construction phases. Using X-ray diffraction, researchers identified key mineral components, providing insights into the fortress's historical masonry techniques. The study, part of the AMIDA project, collected 11 mortar samples from the ramparts' various sections, with one sample (M1) from Tower 15 undergoing detailed microscopic examination. While further analyses are pending, this preliminary work lays groundwork for understanding material degradation and conservation strategies for this UNESCO-listed site.

Preliminary Results of Studies of the Camel Figure at the Chamber of Chaos at Shulgan-Tash (Kapova) Cave

Rock Paintings of Shulgan-Tash Cave — 2018 — WHEC87572D8C8

A rare camel depiction in the Chamber of Chaos at Shulgan-Tash Cave has been identified through preliminary studies. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the fauna represented in ancient rock art of the Ural Mountains, suggesting that camels were part of the region's cultural or symbolic imagery during the Paleolithic period. Researchers employed a combination of visual analysis and comparative archaeological methods to authenticate the figure, distinguishing it from other animal representations. The study highlights the significance of Shulgan-Tash Cave as a repository of unique paleoart, offering new insights into the artistic and possibly economic interactions between early human communities in the region.

Presentation and Analysis on the Different Cultural Interpretations: Examining Chinese and Japanese Textbooks and Museums

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2018 — WHEFDCAD05B3C

This study reveals significant differences in the portrayal of the Second Sino-Japanese War between Chinese and Japanese high school textbooks and museums, reflecting distinct national narratives shaped by historical, social, and political factors. Chinese textbooks emphasize Japan's territorial expansion, atrocities, and the Communist Party of China's (CPC) achievements, while Japanese textbooks focus on domestic economic crises, the Chinese Civil War, and diplomacy. Similarly, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum highlights civilian suffering from atomic bombings, whereas the Unit 731 Museum in Harbin details human experiments conducted at a secretive military base. The analysis suggests that these interpretations are influenced by national war memories, government legitimacy, and postwar US-Japan relations, indicating how historical narratives serve as tools for national identity construction.

Presenting Archaeology and Heritage at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: Gorée Island, Senegal

Island of Gorée — 2018 — WHE845138EFC0

Gorée Island, Senegal's first UNESCO World Heritage Site, serves as a contentious yet significant forum for global tourism, particularly for the African diaspora. The site, renowned for its architecture and monuments linked to the Atlantic slave trade, faces ongoing debates about preservation and policy compliance. A study by Thiaw and Wait (2018) reveals ambiguous attitudes among stakeholders toward heritage presentation, suggesting these may stem from subjective biases or hypocrisy rather than effective communication strategies by professionals. The research analyzes stakeholder perspectives on archaeology and heritage to understand their consumption and potential destruction of the site. This highlights the need for coordinated efforts in heritage management to address conflicting narratives and ensure responsible preservation.

Preservation of Archeological Sites Using 3D-Scanning Documentation Case Study: Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy, Sri Lanka

Sacred City of Kandy — 2018 — WHE8ACAE1CB38

A comprehensive 3D-scanning documentation of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and pivotal Buddhist pilgrimage center, reveals critical vulnerabilities to environmental threats such as earthquakes and monsoon rains, as well as human-induced risks like terrorist attacks. The study employed Terrestrial-Laser-Scanning (TLS) and Structured-Light-Scanning (SLS) to create high-resolution CAD plans, point cloud visualizations, orthoimages, and virtual walkthroughs, addressing the lack of accurate documentation for this culturally significant temple. This approach not only preserves architectural details but also enables detailed analysis for conservation strategies, leveraging noninvasive digital technologies to safeguard cultural heritage against degradation.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage via Education of Children, Utilizing Visual Communication: Persepolis as a Case Study

Persepolis — 2018 — WHED7F0A19301

Educating children through visual communication effectively preserves cultural heritage, as demonstrated by the case study of Persepolis. This approach leverages universally understandable visuals to instill appreciation for cultural treasures in young minds, fostering long-term societal preservation. The study proposes diverse visual strategies tailored for Persian students, balancing educational potential with practical limitations. By focusing on future generations as heritage stewards, this method bridges the gap between traditional preservation efforts and dynamic, engaging learning experiences.

Preserving the intangible living heritage in the George Town World Heritage Site, Malaysia

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2018 — WHE5DC55706CC

Gentrification driven by UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) inscription has significantly undermined the intangible living heritage of George Town, Malaysia. The study reveals that while tourism and street art have boosted the local economy and revitalized the historic core, they have also displaced original inhabitants and traditional trades, replacing them with new residents and tourism-related businesses. This shift threatens the Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) of the GTWHS, as it erodes the generational socio-cultural practices that carry educational value. The research highlights the need to safeguard this living heritage for future generations and tourists, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation.

Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Shrines and Temples of Nikko — 2018 — WHE2B73BC34FD

Long-term environmental changes pose significant and evolving threats to the historic shrines and temples of Nikkō, Japan. While earthquakes have historically been a primary concern, primarily affecting stone structures, emerging risks include increased flooding, fungal attacks due to rising temperatures, and insect infestations, particularly by wood-boring species like P. cylindricum. The study leverages historic records and projections to assess past damage and anticipate future threats, utilizing non-parametric statistics and Lorenz curves for analysis. Findings indicate that climate change may alter the life cycles of pests, the timing of flowering and autumn colors, and visitor patterns, challenging conservation efforts. Strategic planning must account for these shifts to protect both material structures and intangible heritage.

Prey Composition of Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) in Raleighvallen, Suriname

Central Suriname Nature Reserve — 2018 — WHED2242661BF

A new study reveals that Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja), the largest eagles on Earth, have a diverse diet in primary forests of the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, including nine previously unrecorded prey species. These apex predators, known for their ecological significance, frequently target game animals such as large primates and birds alongside sloths, which were traditionally considered their staple prey. The research, combining field observations with a review of existing literature, identifies 102 prey species in total, providing critical insights into the autecology of Harpy Eagles in Neotropical forests. This information underscores the ecological role of apex predators and highlights the importance of preserving primary forest habitats to sustain their populations.

Primary school student visitation in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Serengeti National Park — 2018 — WHE89A287D0DE

A significant majority (95%) of primary school students in Bunda district, Tanzania, recognized Serengeti National Park but had not visited it due to barriers such as lack of money, transport, awareness, and misinterpretation of free education policies. The study highlights the potential for sustainable domestic tourism by identifying key obstacles and suggesting solutions, including organizational support, reliable transportation, and educational initiatives to improve student access to protected areas.

Primulina hengshanensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Danxia landform in Hunan, China

China Danxia — 2018 — WHE5B4EDDC870

Researchers have identified Primulina hengshanensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae, from the Danxia landform in Hunan Province, China. This discovery adds to the biodiversity of the UNESCO-listed site, known for its unique geological formations and diverse flora. The new species shares similarities with P. langshanica but exhibits distinct diagnostic features. Using morphological analysis, the study highlights the taxonomic significance of Primulina hengshanensis while assessing its conservation status as Vulnerable (VU) under IUCN criteria, emphasizing the need for protection in this ecologically significant region.

Pristimantis antisuyu sp. n. and Pristimantis erythroinguinis sp. n., two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Manu National Park, Peru

Manú National Park — 2018 — WHEF80B5E8EAE

Researchers have identified two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs, Pristimantis antisuyu and Pristimantis erythroinguinis, from the Kosñipata valley on the eastern slopes of the Andes near Manu National Park in Peru. These species are closely related but inhabit distinct elevation ranges (1485-1823 m a.s.l. for P. antisuyu and 930-1255 m a.s.l. for P. erythroinguinis). Both species share unique morphological traits, such as an iris with a cruciform pattern, no tympanum, and red or yellow coloration on the groin. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA and COI) revealed that Pristimantis flavobracatus is synonymous with P. cruciocularis due to shared genetic sequences and morphological similarities. The new species can be distinguished from P. cruciocularis by differences in groin coloration, body size, tibia length, and metatarsal tubercle proportions.