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Publications

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An overview of Elephant Breeding Centre at Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2017 — WHEF3F57AF294

A critical analysis of Nepal's Elephant Breeding Centre at Chitwan National Park reveals significant challenges and opportunities for elephant conservation. The study highlights the centre's role in breeding and rehabilitating elephants, but also underscores issues such as habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and the need for sustainable management practices. Conducted through a review of existing literature and on-site observations, the research provides insights into the ecological and socio-economic factors influencing elephant conservation efforts in the region. Key findings emphasize the importance of integrated approaches that balance biodiversity protection with local community development.

An Overview on Intangible Cultural Heritage In Malaysia

Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca — 2017 — WHEA02B3BCFFD

Malaysia's intangible cultural heritage, including performing arts, customs, language, literature, fine crafts, and living traditions, is at risk of fading due to waning interest among younger generations. This study highlights the significance of preserving such heritage, which reflects the rich cultural encounters in Melaka and George Town—Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca—blending elements from the Malay Archipelago, India, China, and Europe. By cataloging these intangible assets, researchers aim to raise public awareness, fostering appreciation for Malaysia's diverse cultural legacy while bolstering national identity, particularly among youth.

An Updated Account of Mammal Species and Population Status of Ungulates in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan

Keoladeo National Park — 2017 — WHE0C8D9BBAD2

A comprehensive study of Keoladeo National Park (KNP) reveals significant shifts in mammalian diversity and ungulate population dynamics since its designation as a protected area. The research documents the local extinction of eight mammal species, including the blackbuck, while identifying 34 extant species within the park. Line transect surveys estimated densities for key ungulates: chital (52.37 ind/km²), feral cattle (33.66 ind/km²), nilgai (13.68 ind/km²), wild boar (3.21 ind/km²), and sambar (0.32 ind/km²). Notably, habitat generalist species like chital and nilgai have seen increased densities over the past 25 years, contrasting with declines in more specialized species such as the sambar. These findings underscore substantial changes in mammalian diversity, driven by habitat alterations and local extinctions, particularly among carnivores.

Análise da erodibilidade de um Cambissolo por meio de um transecto em encosta íngreme da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, Paraty – RJ

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2017 — WHEEBC2E1E04A

A study on the erodibility of a Cambissolo (a type of soil) along a steep slope transect in Paraty, Brazil, revealed that despite low erodibility, the land poses significant restrictions for agricultural activities due to its steep gradient and naturally low fertility. Researchers analyzed soil attributes such as granulometry, bulk density, total porosity, aggregate stability, organic matter, pH, and fertility across the transect. The findings highlight the dual challenge of preserving this UNESCO World Heritage Site's biodiversity while managing land use in a way that mitigates risks to soil stability.

Análisis de isótopos estables en individuos subadultos del sitio arqueológico Los Amarillos (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy)

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2017 — WHE0FAE1D244A

Researchers found evidence of early weaning among subadult individuals from the Los Amarillos archaeological site, part of the Quebrada de Humahuaca World Heritage Site. Using stable isotope analysis (δ13Cco, δ15N, and δ13Cap) on bone and dental remains from 22 subadults dating to the Regional Developments and Inca periods, the study revealed that weaning occurred earlier than previously thought, likely contributing to shorter birth intervals and supporting demographic growth during this period. The analysis relied on longitudinal studies of modern populations to refine age estimates, despite challenges posed by taphonomic processes and analytical limitations.

Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates, biological water quality and conservation value of a tropical river and UNESCO ‐protected environment

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove — 2017 — WHEDCD825773E

A tropical river within the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, demonstrates significant conservation value through its benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and naturalness. The study, conducted from June 2015 to March 2016, identified 27 macroinvertebrate taxa, dominated by the Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Trichoptera (EOT) group, with notable presence of the flagship species Margaritifera margaritifera. Taxa richness and abundance inversely correlated with vegetation removal, farming activities, total suspended solids, flow velocity, nitrate, and phosphate levels. The river's naturalness was assessed based on habitat alteration, land use, and hydrological modifications, revealing its ecological integrity alongside cultural significance. These findings suggest the site may be re-considered for UNESCO World Heritage status based on mixed properties.

Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines.

Papahānaumokuākea — 2017 — WHE3AA985F532

A standardized approach for analyzing benthic survey images using CoralNet has been established, providing a robust framework for assessing coral reef ecosystems across multiple UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This method, developed by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) and its partners, enables consistent quantification of marine biodiversity in the Hawaiian Archipelago, Mariana Archipelago, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The guidelines ensure reliable data collection and analysis, facilitating large-scale ecological studies and conservation efforts.

Analysis of Damage Incurred in Nine Months and Investigating Restoration Methods of Old Buildings in the Historic Texture of Tabriz Bazaar (Case Study: Shahidi-Rasta-Bazari)

Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex — 2017 — WHEFCC911C999

A strategic design for the restoration and preservation of the historic Tabriz Bazaar, the world's largest covered traditional bazaar, has been proposed to address structural and functional challenges while maintaining its cultural significance. The study focuses on Shahidi-Rasta-Bazari, a corridor within the bazaar, analyzing damage patterns over nine months and evaluating restoration methods that balance authenticity with modern needs. Using applied research methodology—combining library studies and field observations—the investigation qualitatively assesses materials, structural pathologies, and spatial capabilities to develop practical solutions for protection and revitalization. The approach aims to transform community perception of historic buildings while ensuring their longevity, offering a macro-to-micro framework applicable to other heritage sites.

Analysis of Ionospheric Scintillation Characteristics in Sub-Antarctica Region with GNSS Data at Macquarie Island

Macquarie Island — 2017 — WHE2CAF0528E8

Ionospheric scintillation, which significantly impacts radio propagation and electronic systems, exhibits distinct temporal and spatial patterns influenced by solar and geomagnetic activities. A study analyzing GNSS data from Macquarie Island (2011–2015) reveals that amplitude scintillation closely correlates with solar activity, while phase scintillation is more strongly linked to geomagnetic disturbances. Additionally, the research identifies statistical relationships between scintillation behavior and satellite elevation/azimuth angles. These findings enhance the understanding of ionospheric dynamics in sub-Antarctic regions, providing critical insights for GNSS applications and mitigating potential disruptions in navigation systems.

Analysis of similarities within different date palm cultivars of Al-Ahsa oasis in Saudi Arabia

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHECBE1AB4793

A study analyzing date palm cultivars in Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, revealed significant protein-based differences among nine cultivars, with polymorphism ranging from 12% to 76%. The Helali cultivar exhibited the highest variability, suggesting that some palms may be propagated from seeds resembling known cultivars but later distributed under false pretenses. Using Jaccard's similarity method and phylogenetic dendrogram analysis, Khosab and Shehel were found closely related (0.579 similarity), forming a mini-cluster distinct from others like OmRohaim and Khonaizi. Shishi, Garrah, and Helali also clustered together with moderate similarity (0.250–0.455). These findings imply shared ancestry among some cultivars and highlight the need for further molecular studies to clarify their relationships.

Analysis of the landscape complexity and heterogeneity of the Pantanal wetland

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2017 — WHE81A37AA807

A pioneering analysis reveals that the Pantanal wetland exhibits significant landscape complexity and heterogeneity, with sub-regions like Poconé, Canoeira, Paraguai, and Aquidauana showing high habitat complexity (mean NDVI values between 0.69 and 0.64) across 2000, 2008, and 2015. The Tuiuiú sub-region demonstrated the highest horizontal heterogeneity (NDVI standard deviation up to 0.21 in 2008). This study leverages remote sensing data from MODIS sensors, specifically NDVI imagery, to efficiently assess and monitor these landscape parameters, offering a scalable tool for biodiversity conservation efforts in similar regions.

Analysis of the population displacement phenomenon under tourism economy development in Chinese historical areas:

Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement — 2017 — WHED4093EB7D0

Tourism-driven commercialization in China's historical areas, including UNESCO World Heritage Site Kulangsu, has led to significant population displacement, where original residents are displaced by non-native populations. This phenomenon erodes traditional culture and threatens sustainable development. The study identifies the root causes of this displacement, its patterns, and its broader impacts on cultural preservation. By analyzing population dynamics in Kulangsu, the research provides actionable recommendations for mitigating these effects and ensuring the site's long-term viability.

Analytical methods comparison for soil organic carbon determination in Andean Forest of Sangay National Park-Ecuador

Sangay National Park — 2017 — WHE9466DC5B05

A study comparing two methods for determining soil organic carbon (SOC) in the Andean eyebrow forest of Sangay National Park, Ecuador, found that while both the ignition loss (LOI) and DUMAS combustion methods yield similar SOC measurements (R² = 0.99), the DUMAS method offers greater precision with reduced time and labor requirements. The research involved analyzing soil samples from five plots at four depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, >30 cm) across three conglomerates in the southwestern zone of Sangay National Park. Though the correlation between methods was low, DUMAS demonstrated a slightly higher variability (3.38%), likely due to sample volume and equipment precision. These findings suggest that DUMAS combustion is a robust alternative for SOC determination, balancing accuracy with operational efficiency.

Analytical views on the cultural and spatialized narratives of Asmara

Asmara: A Modernist African City — 2017 — WHE085EFB1F2A

Asmara, the capital of Eritrea, stands as a unique modernist African city with a complex narrative shaped by its colonial past and contemporary significance. The study reveals that Asmara's cultural identity has been influenced by successive occupations—Italian, British, and Ethiopian—and its role as a hub for transnational migrants. Key findings highlight the resilience of Asmara's architectural heritage, particularly through initiatives like the Cultural Assets Rehabilitation Project (CARP), which aimed to preserve its historical significance. The research employs an analytical approach, examining spatialized narratives and official discourses from Asmara's foundation to its present state, offering insights into how urban landscapes reflect broader socio-political dynamics.

Ancient Gold-Mercury Mining in the Takht-e Soleyman Area, Northwest Iran

Takht-e Soleyman — 2017 — WHEBC0E1992EC

A comprehensive survey of the Takht-e Soleyman area in northwest Iran reveals extensive evidence of ancient gold and mercury mining, including previously undocumented archaeological sites. The study, covering 5000 km², combines geological analysis with detailed documentation of mining relics, highlighting the region's historical significance as a center for metal extraction. Key findings include traces of ore processing techniques and new archaeological discoveries that shed light on ancient metallurgical practices in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ancient mitochondrial DNA and ancestry of Paquimé inhabitants, Casas Grandes (A.D. 1200–1450)

Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes — 2017 — WHE3F30D85B40

A genetic analysis of ancient Paquimé inhabitants reveals strong affinities with the Mimbres culture, suggesting close biological ties between these groups. The study, using mitochondrial DNA from 14 samples, identified four distinct Amerindian lineages (B, A, C, and D), with the majority shared or derived from ancient Southwest populations. While this supports bioarchaeological evidence of connections to Puebloan cultures in the Southwestern U.S., the causes behind Paquimé's cultural development remain unclear. The research employed PCR and Sanger sequencing to compare haplotypes against available data, providing preliminary insights into the ancestry of this significant UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ancient Near Eastern and European Isolates

Hattusha: the Hittite Capital — 2017 — WHE554849C7A1

A significant discovery in the study of ancient languages reveals that Sumerian, the first written language in Western Asia, has a distinct linguistic history characterized by animate and inanimate gender nouns and two numerical forms. This research also highlights the Hattic language, documented through nearly 360 texts from Hittite archives in central Turkey, contributing to our understanding of ancient Near Eastern and European isolates. The study leverages extensive cuneiform documents spanning from ca. 3300 BCE to the first century CE, providing a comprehensive analysis of linguistic documentation that varies in quantity and quality across different languages.

Angular Momentum Transfer and Fractional Moment of Inertia in Pulsar Glitches

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2017 — WHEE4880C755A

Research using the Jodrell Bank Observatory glitch database reveals that angular momentum transfer during pulsar glitches is nearly linear over time in four specific pulsars, suggesting a consistent reservoir of momentum. The study analyzed 472 glitches from 165 pulsars, focusing on those with at least five recorded glitches (totaling 261 events). It found that glitch sizes in 12 pulsars follow a normal distribution, implying a common origin for these glitches. Additionally, the fractional moment of inertia—indicating the ratio of neutron star components involved in glitching—shows a single mode, unlike the bimodal distribution typically seen in glitch size ratios (Δν/ν). This weak correlation between the mean fractional moment of inertia and pulsar spin properties supports an interior mechanism within neutron stars for glitch phenomena.

Ankerius grusocurare, a new species of Aphanodactylidae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2017 — WHE0315BCD155

Researchers have identified and described Ankerius grusocurare, a new species of the Aphanodactylidae family, found on Iriomote Island in Japan's Ryukyu Islands. This discovery expands the known diversity of the genus, which previously included only one recognized species, A. aenigmaticus. The new species is distinguished by its uniquely shaped lateral corner of the front (supraorbital tooth), a proportionally wider carapace, and fewer teeth along the upper flexor margin of the ambulatory meri. This brings the total number of aphanodactylid taxa to 13, contributing significantly to our understanding of crustacean biodiversity in this region.

Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species

Socotra Archipelago — 2017 — WHE102069EBC7

A new species of ant, Cataglyphis socotranus, has been identified from the Socotra Archipelago, contributing to the understanding of the region's unique biodiversity. This discovery highlights the archipelago's distinct zoogeography, with Socotra hosting a mix of endemic and widespread ant species. The study analyzed 120 ant samples across 38 sites, revealing that Socotra's ants are closely related to those in East Africa but exhibit notable adaptations to its arid environment. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the new species' placement within the Cataglyphis genus, while distribution patterns suggest limited dispersal between islands. The research underscores Socotra's importance as a biodiversity hotspot and provides baseline data for conservation efforts.