Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain
—
2021 —
WHEB256D3A13B
Romanesque churches along the Camino Francés in the ancient kingdoms of León and Castilla predominantly align with the sunrise on Easter Sunday, likely determined through direct solar observation. While both regions share this orientation pattern, León exhibits a strong preference for the ecclesiastical equinox (March 21), unlike Castilla. This study analyzed 191 churches, comparing those along the Camino de Santiago to control samples in each kingdom, revealing distinct regional variations in astronomical alignment, particularly at notable sites like Santiago de Compostela and Sahagún.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2021 —
WHE95A6917A97
Residential buildings constructed during Jordanian rule (1948–1967) in East Jerusalem represent a unique blend of modernity and vernacular traditions. Unlike Western modernity, these structures adapted to Palestinian socio-cultural lifestyles while incorporating modern architectural elements. Peasants played a significant role in shaping this adaptive modernity, influenced by local cultural determinants. The study, based on architectural documentation and ethnographic research, highlights a neglected heritage that challenges conventional narratives of modern architecture, emphasizing the contributions of non-professionals.
Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement
—
2021 —
WHE449384D670
Online reviews significantly influence tourists' destination choices and purchasing behavior at UNESCO World Heritage Site Kulangsu (Gulangyu), according to a study published in the Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. The research, which extended narrative transportation theory, found that prior knowledge and perceived usefulness of online reviews further enhance their impact on decision-making. Analyzing data from 432 tourists through structural equation modeling, the study confirmed the positive effect of online reviews on travel-related behaviors. This insight offers valuable implications for both theoretical understanding and policy development, particularly in how tourists utilize digital platforms to shape their experiences at heritage sites.
Historic Cairo
—
2021 —
WHEE21BA9D588
Research on the Cairo Citadel reveals that adaptive reuse decisions for historic buildings often lead to suboptimal energy efficiency, particularly in air conditioning systems. The study highlights a tension between preserving heritage values and ensuring thermal comfort for inhabitants. Using a Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) approach—combining simulations and surveys—the research demonstrates that the current use of air conditioning in the Cairo Citadel's former soldier residence, now an administrative office, results in unnecessary energy consumption. While the study focuses on thermal comfort, it acknowledges broader considerations like indoor environmental quality, air quality, acoustics, and lighting as potential areas for future exploration. The findings underscore the need to balance adaptive reuse principles with energy efficiency, offering insights applicable to other historic sites.
The Sundarbans
—
2021 —
WHEC85D0FB20C
Researchers developed a highly accurate, non-destructive additive biomass model for <em>Heritiera fomes</em>, the dominant mangrove species in Bangladesh's Sundarbans Reserved Forest. The model, validated against independent datasets, demonstrated superior efficiency with lower error metrics (AIC, RMSE%, MAE, MPE) compared to existing pan-tropical models. It effectively estimates biomass and carbon stocks by leveraging diameter at breast height (D) for leaves and branches, while combining D and total tree height (H) for stem and bark. This approach ensures precise carbon sequestration assessments, critical for understanding the Sundarbans' ecological role.
New Lanark
—
2021 —
WHE1CC373CC11
New Lanark's 1816 Institution, outlined by Robert Owen, aimed to revolutionize social welfare through education and community benefit. The primary finding is its multi-tiered approach: immediate comfort for inhabitants, neighborhood welfare, national improvement in Britain, and global societal advancement. This was achieved by providing early childhood education and lifelong learning opportunities, targeting both young children and older residents. The Institution's design was innovative, blending practical benefits with long-term social reform, setting a precedent for progressive educational and social policies.
Paphos
—
2021 —
WHE517695722C
Archaeological analysis reveals the presence of three distinct types of Adriatic wine amphorae—Greco-Italic, Lamboglia 2, and Dressel 6A—in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, dating from the late Hellenistic to early Roman period. These amphorae, characterized by their unique ceramic disk stoppers, were found in small quantities, including at the site of Maloutena. The study, conducted to quantify and classify these imports, highlights their rarity and significance in understanding trade patterns between the Adriatic region and Cyprus during this period.
Stevns Klint
—
2021 —
WHE9FE597556F
Research at Stevns Klint reveals that the mineral composition of rocks significantly influences how crude oil components adsorb onto their surfaces, thereby altering wettability—a critical factor for oil recovery. The study found that pure chalk preferentially adsorbs acidic components, while sandstone favors basic ones. Silica-containing chalk showed a reduced affinity for acids due to negatively charged minerals, highlighting the complex interplay between rock mineralogy and crude oil-brine interactions. Core flooding tests with light crude oils demonstrated that adsorption of polar organic components reduces water wetness across all tested cores (pure chalk, silica-containing chalk, and sandstone), emphasizing the profound impact of mineral composition on wettability dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of considering rock mineralogy when restoring core material wettability in laboratory settings.
Manú National Park
—
2021 —
WHE1BFC1FBAFD
Aenigmanu alvareziae, a previously unidentified tree species from Peru's Manu National Park, has been formally described as a new genus and species within the Picramniaceae family. Despite multiple collections since 1973, its unique vegetative features initially defied classification until molecular analysis using nuclear ITS and chloroplast rbcL markers revealed its true taxonomic placement. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods confirmed its distinct lineage, supported by detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a distribution map. This discovery enriches our understanding of Western Amazonian biodiversity and provides a revised key to the genera of Picramniaceae.
Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town
—
2021 —
WHE7412B520AF
Qasr Amro, a historic palace in Hebron's Old Town, exemplifies the aesthetic and architectural evolution of residential buildings in Palestine. This study reveals how the palace transitioned from a private residence to a public school while retaining its decorative and interior design elements, highlighting the significance of preserving such heritage structures. Through documentary, descriptive, and analytical methodologies, the research documents these transformations with input from engineers and specialists, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts that protect the aesthetic components for future generations. The study also proposes practical suggestions to enhance preservation practices.
Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios
—
2021 —
WHEB1A062961D
A novel, cost-effective method for monitoring invasive weeds using satellite imagery has been developed, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability. The study found that sicklebush (Dichrostachys cinerea), an invasive plant threatening sugar cane cultivation in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios, Cuba, has invaded 52.7% of the total area. Researchers used a combination of paid high-resolution (WorldView-2) and free medium-resolution (Landsat-8) satellite images, achieving accuracy rates of 93.7% with a Kappa coefficient reliability of 91.9%. This approach leverages spectral signatures from high-resolution imagery to train medium-resolution models, enabling regular and affordable monitoring without relying on expensive cloud-based platforms or high-cost data.
Fort Jesus, Mombasa
—
2021 —
WHEB38EF74742
African maritime archaeology reveals the continent's profound and enduring engagement with global maritime affairs, spanning from the Middle Stone Age to modern times. Key findings include the earliest evidence of human marine resource exploitation at South African sites like Klasies River Mouth and Pinnacle Point, where the use of marine resources coincided with symbolic behavior and advanced stone tool technology. The study also highlights the significant impact of changing sea levels due to Ice Ages and tectonic movements on coastal archaeological sites. Additionally, it explores the evolution of maritime trade, from ancient Egyptian plank-built boats to the rise of Swahili port cities like Kilwa and Mombasa during the medieval period, and the construction of Portuguese forts such as Fort Jesus in Mombasa. The research approach combines geomorphological analysis with historical documentation, including Classical texts like the Periplus Maris Erythraei and Ptolemy’s Geographia, to interpret the functioning of African maritime societies within their environmental and cultural contexts.
Hanseatic City of Lübeck
—
2021 —
WHED78D4A5BAE
Medieval monasteries in Denmark and northern Germany exhibited distinct architectural and historical trajectories due to differing economic and political landscapes. While Danish monasteries, particularly Cistercian abbeys, often saw incomplete church constructions and late cloister developments, northern German monasteries experienced a concentrated building phase in the 13th and 14th centuries without a significant post-Reformation boom. The fate of these institutions during the Reformation varied dramatically by region: in northern Germany, the transition to Lutheranism was influenced by local rulers' faith and power, with some areas like East Prussia adopting it smoothly in 1525, while others, such as Danzig, faced delays due to political shifts. In contrast, Denmark's centralized governance prolonged its Reformation process, with unresolved periods lasting until Christian III's victory in 1537. Physical remnants of these monasteries are scarce, particularly in Farther Pomerania, though nunneries in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern often survived as Protestant Damenstifte. The study highlights the enduring impact of political structures on religious transitions and architectural preservation, offering a nuanced comparison across borders.
Hubei Shennongjia
—
2021 —
WHE2D4BB64FEB
A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome in Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis) reveals significant age-based variations, with older individuals exhibiting greater microbial diversity. The study identified 28 microbial phyla across three age groups, highlighting a dynamic shift in gut microbiota composition from early developmental stages to adulthood. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region, researchers found that Group 3 (above 12 years) contained the highest number and diversity of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), suggesting an increasing complexity with age. This is the first study to provide detailed insights into the gut microbiota of this endangered primate, offering valuable data for health monitoring and conservation efforts.
Historic Town of Zabid
—
2021 —
WHE3291789E3F
Over the past decade, agricultural development in Yemen's Tihama region has been characterized by a significant shift towards lift-pump farming, which has expanded substantially since the 1970s. This modern irrigation method has bypassed traditional spate-irrigated wadis, such as those around Zabid, Risyan, and Jizan, which historically served as the core of settlement and production. The study highlights that optimal agricultural conditions are only feasible in small areas with assured irrigation, emphasizing the need to expand these zones for broader development. By analyzing historical and recent trends, the research underscores the transformative impact of lift-pump farming on the region's agricultural landscape.
Archaeological Area of Agrigento
—
2021 —
WHE317C09B614
Recent archaeological research at the Valle dei Templi in Agrigento, conducted by the University of Bologna, has uncovered a significant chronological sequence spanning from the 6th century BCE to the 8th century CE. This study, the first of its kind presented internationally, documents an entire insula (III) within the Hellenistic-Roman quarter, revealing critical insights into the city's urban evolution and abandonment. The research employed advanced documentation techniques to map the sector's development from its founding as a Greek colony to its eventual decline, providing unprecedented details on the city's sacred, civil, and productive spaces.
Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve
—
2021 —
WHEF9FE2DB67A
Black carbon (BC) pollution in the region of Wrangel Island is significantly influenced by both Eurasian and North American sources. A study analyzing atmospheric transport data from 2015 to 2017 revealed that BC emissions during summer months originate predominantly from anthropogenic activities and wildfires in northeastern Eurasia and northwestern North America. The research utilized the HYSPLIT model for air mass trajectory calculations and a simplified BC transport model based on emission sensitivity functions, with data sourced from global databases like EDGAR and GFAS. The findings highlight the interannual variations in BC emissions, emphasizing the complex interplay between natural wildfires and human-induced pollution sources across these regions.
Ajanta Caves
—
2021 —
WHEDD56916F3A
Ajanta Caves reveal significant insights into ancient trade routes and patronage. The study highlights the caves' strategic location near habitation sites and their development during the Vakataka period, as evidenced by epigraphs. It also explores the diverse patrons who contributed to the cave architecture, providing a unique window into historical trade dynamics and societal structures of the time.
Hegmataneh
—
2021 —
WHEAA64CD4B51
During the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE), a vast network of roads was strategically developed to facilitate governance and connectivity across its extensive territories. These 'Royal Roads' linked key capitals such as Susa, Persepolis, Pasargad, Hegmataneh, Sardes, and Babylon, while secondary routes connected peripheral regions. The study reveals that the empire maintained existing roads, constructed new ones, and established rest stations along them to provide supplies for travelers, including food, water, and horses, alongside military personnel for security. By synthesizing written records and archaeological evidence, this research reconstructs the planning and functionality of Achaemenid road infrastructure, offering insights into its administrative efficiency and logistical organization.
Old Town of Corfu
—
2021 —
WHEAE0F7972C0
Corfu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Ionian Islands, faces significant ecological challenges due to tourism, development, and water abstraction, which have led to habitat loss and fragmentation. A study identifies ten alien vertebrate species on Corfu, with four—coypu, raccoon, Siberian chipmunk, and American pond slider—classified as invasive. These species pose threats to indigenous wildlife, particularly in island ecosystems where biodiversity is already vulnerable. The research highlights the importance of early identification, status reporting, and awareness-raising to mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS), aligning with EU guidelines for IAS management.
Kairouan
—
2021 —
WHE4DD8653730
A study on the Kairouan plain, Tunisia, reveals that L-band data from ALOS-2 and C-band data from Sentinel-1 satellites are significantly influenced by soil roughness when retrieving soil moisture over cereal fields in semi-arid regions. The research highlights the sensitivity of L-band data to soil moisture, particularly in areas with dense vegetation cover (NDVI > 0.6). Two versions of the Water Cloud Model (WCM) were employed to simulate radar signals, one integrating soil-vegetation interaction and the other excluding it. Findings indicate that incorporating the soil-vegetation interaction component substantially improves soil moisture estimation using L-HV data, whereas its impact on C-band data inversion accuracy is negligible. This study underscores the potential of multi-incidence satellite data for precise soil moisture retrieval in semi-arid agricultural landscapes.
Gelati Monastery
—
2021 —
WHE9C383833A6
Medieval Georgian altars, often plain but occasionally adorned with crosses or complex figural decorations, were found to hold deep symbolic significance as places of sacrifice. Archaeological and written sources reveal that these altars were typically surmounted by canopies, with one surviving example from the 18th century showcasing a rich structure that underscores Gelati Monastery's tradition as the 'Second Jerusalem.' The study also highlights the rite of consecration, translated in the 10th–11th centuries, and the materials used in altar construction. By analyzing liturgical texts alongside archaeological evidence, researchers uncovered the multifaceted roles of altars in medieval Georgian churches, blending practical and symbolic elements.
Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park
—
2021 —
WHEA2798BECCD
Researchers have documented the Long-tailed Singing Mouse (<em>Scotinomys xerampelinus</em>) at an unprecedented elevation of 3820 meters on Cerro Chirripó, Costa Rica, extending its known altitudinal range by 420 meters. This discovery suggests either historical gaps in survey data or a potential upslope shift driven by climate change, as rising temperatures may be pushing species to higher elevations—a trend observed in other Costa Rican vertebrates. The study relied on field observations within Chirripó National Park, part of the Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves.
Alto Douro Wine Region
—
2021 —
WHE83C094BF12
Quintas, or villas estates, in the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Alto Douro Wine Region are critical to preserving the region's cultural memory and identity. These units of settlement, agricultural exploitation, and social power contain a rich heritage that, if ignored, risks abandonment or destruction. Despite contemporary demands leading some quintas to reinvent themselves by blending tradition with innovation, their intrinsic value remains underexplored. This study identifies, qualifies, and disseminates the architectural and landscape values of these quintas, focusing on spatial, formal, ornamental, and recreational characteristics. By (re)discovering these elements, strategic solutions for safeguarding this heritage can be envisioned.
Sacred City of Kandy
—
2021 —
WHE8CCE56F379
A 10 μg/m³ increase in same-day exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a 1.95% and 1.63% rise, respectively, in respiratory disease hospitalizations in Kandy, Sri Lanka, while asthma hospitalizations increased by 4.67% and 4.04%. The study, using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), found that older adults (65+) were particularly vulnerable, with higher risks during high air pollution periods for COPD and pneumonia admissions. These findings underscore the need for active measures to improve ambient air quality in the region to mitigate health impacts.
Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea
—
2021 —
WHE0741F5EEAC
A comprehensive survey of amphibians and reptiles in the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil—a UNESCO-listed urban forest—reveals a rich herpetofauna with 38 amphibian species and 36 reptile species, including endemic and threatened taxa. The study, conducted over 460 hours between 2013 and 2015, identified six amphibian species and one reptile species at risk of extinction, along with two exotic reptiles. Sampling efforts proved sufficient, capturing 80% of Atlantic Forest-endemic amphibians and 28% of endemic reptiles. The findings underscore the park's ecological significance as a biodiversity hotspot within an urban landscape, highlighting the success of reforestation in preserving native species.
Seventeenth-Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht
—
2021 —
WHEA4A49CE6AC
Amsterdam, once the world's most vital harbor connected to the North Sea, stands as a testament to human ingenuity and resilience against climate change. Built on wooden posts to withstand water challenges, its iconic canal system remains a cultural heritage from the Dutch Golden Age. The study highlights the city's historical adaptation strategies, such as dams and waterworks, which have protected it from rising sea levels over centuries. By examining Amsterdam's evolution, the research underscores the importance of sustainable urban planning in low-lying regions facing climate-related risks. It also reflects on the potential costs if such a city were to succumb to future environmental pressures.
Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
—
2021 —
WHE418F4AD69A
Scientists have identified <em>Amylotheca cleofei</em>, a new mistletoe species and genus record for the Philippines, within Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary. This discovery expands the country's biodiversity by introducing a distinct species characterized by unique reproductive and vegetative traits, setting it apart from other known <em>Amylotheca</em> species. The study employed morphological analysis to differentiate this novel taxon, contributing valuable insights into the region's flora.
Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region
—
2021 —
WHEBC3CD1F1D3
A precise radiocarbon chronology for the Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region, specifically the World Heritage site of Sarvestan (SW Iran), reveals that its construction occurred between 658 and 683 CE, during a transitional period from late Sasanian to early Islamic era. This finding contradicts earlier estimates that placed its age centuries later, suggesting Sarvestan was an architectural project initiated under Sasanian rule but completed during the second half of the seventh century CE, coinciding with the Muslim Arab invasion of Fars. The study employed systematic radiocarbon dating of timbers and charcoals from the main dome's walls and plaster mortars, combined with wiggle matching and R_Combine techniques to minimize age uncertainties. This research sheds light on the socio-political stability in parts of Fars during Islam's expansion into the region.
The Ahwar of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities
—
2021 —
WHEE318B767F7
A comparative analysis of supervised classification methods for land cover mapping in the Al-Hawizeh Marsh, part of Iraq's UNESCO-listed Ahwar wetlands, reveals that Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) using Sentinel 2B satellite imagery achieves the highest accuracy. With an overall accuracy of 85.32% and a superior kappa coefficient compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), MLC demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing six critical land cover classes: deep water marsh, shallow water marsh, aquatic vegetation, urban areas, agriculture, and barren soil. This finding is significant for monitoring biodiversity hotspots like the Ahwar, where spectral similarities pose challenges for accurate classification. The study utilized ENVI 5.1 software to analyze multispectral images with a spatial resolution of 10 meters, providing valuable insights for conservation efforts in these ecologically vital regions.
Village of Sidi Bou Saïd
—
2021 —
WHECFDC9C0212
A novel psycho-acoustic experimental setup demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing and visualizing urban soundscapes in real-world environments, offering insights into biological, geophysical, and anthropogenic sounds. The approach integrates acoustic measurements with ambisonic recordings using multiple sensors, providing a comprehensive framework for interpreting complex soundscapes. Conducted in Sidi Bou Saïd, Tunisiathe study highlights the potential of this method to enhance our understanding of urban acoustics and its implications for heritage conservation.
Yungang Grottoes
—
2021 —
WHEE07D3EA37A
Researchers have identified that the number of freeze–thaw cycles is the dominant factor influencing the degradation of sandstone mechanical properties at UNESCO World Heritage Site Yungang Grottoes, with porosity playing a minor but notable role. The study introduces an adaptive multi-output gradient boosting decision trees (AMGBDT) algorithm, which outperforms traditional models like neural networks and random forests in predicting how these factors affect rock strength and elasticity. Unlike conventional methods, AMGBDT adapts to nonlinear relationships between physical properties and degradation patterns, offering precise insights into the failure mechanisms of sandstone under freeze–thaw conditions. This approach enhances understanding of environmental impacts on cultural heritage preservation.
Sacred City of Kandy
—
2021 —
WHEC09D9B6F6D
Excessive or inadequate natural light in classrooms can significantly hinder learning and visual comfort, according to a study analyzing daylighting performance in schools within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Kandy, Sri Lanka. The research found that east-facing upper-level classrooms suffer from uneven light distribution, excessive shadows, and color distortion due to poor integration of daylight with design, impairing students' ability to perceive objects and text. Similarly, ground-floor south-facing classrooms experience non-uniform lighting, leading to reading difficulties. The study combined field measurements, questionnaires, and simulations using Autodesk Ecotect 2011 & Revit to assess illuminance levels and daylight performance, revealing a critical gap in awareness regarding optimal daylight integration in educational spaces.
Kakadu National Park
—
2021 —
WHE33EC3D73A5
Recent analysis of Nanguluwurr, a rock art site within Kakadu National Park's Burrungkuy (Nourlangie) complex, reveals distinct clusters of motifs—spirit figures, material culture, fish, and painted hands—suggesting 'meaning clusters' that may reflect bursts of painting activity spanning millennia. The study identifies these motif groupings as significant markers of cultural expression, linking ancient Dynamic Figures to more recent X-ray fish depictions. By examining spatial distribution and chronological sequences, researchers propose that the site's artistry evolved in discrete phases, offering insights into its role within a broader cultural landscape.
The Grand Canal
—
2021 —
WHE789FB14921
Rural settlements along the Shandong section of China's Grand Canal exhibit distinct spatial patterns characterized by 'large dispersion and small concentration' as well as 'small-scale agglomeration,' with settlement scale inversely correlating to their number. Proximity to the canal correlates with more complex settlement shapes, while key influencing factors include agricultural output value, machinery power, irrigation area, grain cultivation extent, and rural residents' per capita income. The study employed quantitative methods such as the gravity center model (CGC), average nearest neighbor analysis (ANN), landscape metrics (LM), and geographic detectors to analyze changes from 1980 to 2018 across 13,000 settlements in 27 counties.
Timbuktu
—
2021 —
WHE3C5A96F3BB
A collaborative effort between the governments of South Africa and Mali has significantly advanced the preservation, curation, and digitization of the Timbuktu Manuscripts, offering a nuanced understanding of intellectual history that transcends traditional single-format analysis. The study highlights how integrated strategies—including conservation, publication, and digitization—enrich historical interpretation by leveraging complementary formats. Central to this work is the Tombouctou Manuscripts Project at the University of Cape Town, which emphasizes the transformative potential of archives in redefining continental narratives. These interventions collectively mark a pivotal moment in safeguarding and interpreting one of Africa's most valuable cultural treasures.
Phoenix Islands Protected Area
—
2021 —
WHEF2631C2714
Pacific Island Countries, including Kiribati, rely heavily on tuna resources for economic and political gains. Kiribati, with its vast exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 3.55 million square kilometers, faces significant economic dependence on tuna due to limited other resources. The European Union (EU), seeking new fisheries to address overfishing in the Atlantic and expand its influence in the Pacific, has engaged in tuna diplomacy with Kiribati. This study analyzes the fishery partnership agreement between Kiribati and the EU, highlighting both cooperative efforts and frictions. It provides insights into how Kiribati can further benefit from tuna resources in the future, emphasizing the strategic importance of tuna diplomacy for small island nations.
Xanthos-Letoon
—
2021 —
WHECFFE25A0DB
Recent studies on Lycian art reveal that its development was not solely influenced by Greek and Oriental cultures, but also ingeniously integrated elements from the Anatolian background. This challenges traditional perceptions and expands our understanding of Lycian art's historiography. The research focuses on two notable monuments, the 'Harpy tomb' and the 'Nereid Monument' from Xanthos, to explore how 19th-century European cultural history shaped the reception of these sculptures and how traditional academic fields have influenced their study. By analyzing carving style and iconography, the paper proposes a broader perspective that restores the significance of the Anatolian background in Lycian art.
Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar
—
2021 —
WHE484E1F8E50
A study applying the Walkability Index for Elderly Health (WIEH) to Porto's historic center reveals that only a few paths are strongly suited for older adults, with steep slopes significantly hindering pedestrian network quality. The research builds on prior work by validating WIEH, which assesses public spaces and walkability based on criteria relevant to elderly health. By analyzing the UNESCO-listed area, the study highlights the impact of urban design on accessibility and mobility for aging populations, emphasizing the need for interventions to improve walkability in historic contexts.
Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands
—
2021 —
WHE512448BCE6
Intensive exploitation of the chiton <em>Acanthopleura gemmata</em> during the first three centuries of occupation at the Hane Dune site, Ua Huka (Marquesas Islands), led to its abrupt depletion by around AD 950. This finding challenges previous assumptions about subsistence practices in Central-East Polynesia and underscores the significance of precise taxonomic identification and refined recovery protocols in archaeomalacological studies. Researchers used zooarchaeological methods, spatial analysis, and biometry to demonstrate that <em>A. gemmata</em> was a critical resource for ancient ‘Enata communities before its replacement by the limpet <em>Cellana radiata</em>. The study highlights the importance of detailed species-level analysis in reconstructing past subsistence trends.
Pantanal Conservation Area
—
2021 —
WHE0B4C7FB38D
No single biodiversity attribute—composition, structure, or function—can comprehensively represent conservation priorities on its own. This study demonstrates that integrating multiple surrogates is essential for identifying irreplaceable areas critical to Neotropical biodiversity. Researchers analyzed 8563 species (composition), 663 ecosystems (structure), and 5382 ecological groups (function) across the Pantanal Conservation Area and other global regions, revealing significant spatial mismatches when prioritizing conservation based on a single attribute. Critical conservation areas, often overlapping with threatened biodiversity hotspots like the Chaco, Atlantic Forest, and Pantanal, emerged where irreplaceable priorities converged across all attributes. The findings underscore the need for an integrative approach to conservation planning to avoid omitting key biodiversity values.
Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley: originary habitat of Mesoamerica
—
2021 —
WHECF5254469F
A new deep learning model, the Enhanced Randomly Initialized Convolutional Neural Network (ERI-CNN), achieves high accuracy in recognizing columnar cacti from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. With 98% accuracy, 97% precision and recall, and an F1-score of 97.5%, the model outperforms existing architectures like InceptionV3 and modified LeNet-5 when tested on a dataset of over 20,000 remote sensing images from Mexico's Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley. This advancement in plant recognition technology supports environmental conservation efforts by improving surveillance and monitoring of protected ecosystems.
Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks
—
2021 —
WHECD62DC26A3
Researchers have uncovered Incertovenator longicollum, an enigmatic new archosauriform from the Carnian-Norian Ischigualasto Formation in northwestern Argentina. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary diversity of Late Triassic archosaurs, with its elongated cervical vertebrae presenting a unique combination of traits found in early avemetatarsalian and pseudosuchian clades. Phylogenetic analyses place Incertovenator within Archosauria, either as an early diverging avemetatarsalian or loricatan, closely related to Aphanosauria, Ornithodira, or Mandasuchus tanyauchen. The study highlights convergent evolution in neck elongation across multiple Triassic archosauriform clades, providing new insights into the morphological and phylogenetic complexity of this pivotal period in vertebrate history.
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad
—
2021 —
WHE2DEDBCE184
A study on Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina, reveals intentional historical revisionism aimed at erasing the memory of genocide against its Bosniak population. The research highlights three key aspects: the de-Turkification of the town, the construction of Andrićgrad—a symbol of Serb nationalism—and the ongoing operation of Vilina Vlas, a spa hotel repurposed as a rape camp during the 1992 genocidal campaign. The findings demonstrate that this amnesia is systematic and largely successful, with authorities going to extreme lengths to alter or suppress historical narratives. The study uses qualitative methods, including analysis of documented atrocities and contemporary events, to illustrate the deliberate erasure of traumatic history in Višegrad.
Complex of Koguryo Tombs
—
2021 —
WHE93217454AF
A unique combination of secondary burial and cremation was identified in a Goguryeo stone chamber tomb at the Chuncheon Sinmae-ri Site (Historic Site No. 489), marking an unprecedented discovery in Korean archaeology. The study revealed that while most of the skeleton was subjected to selective cremation, excluding the skull and lower jaw, the remains were deliberately reassembled into a supine human-like form on the tomb's sarcophagus. Analysis suggests the body was first completely disarticulated, then partially cremated without residual soft tissue, before being reconstructed with anatomical precision. This complex ritual process, involving secondary burial and selective cremation, has no known parallels globally. While its exact significance remains speculative, it may reflect special circumstances surrounding the deceased or an unknown funeral tradition integrated into Goguryeo practices.
Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
—
2021 —
WHEF6F128A344
Research reveals that the dung beetle <em>Catharsius molossus</em> exhibits significant variation in bioturbation and dung removal activities across elevations in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, with both metrics showing a strong linear relationship to elevation. This suggests that higher-altitude habitats may experience reduced nutrient transfer from dung to soil due to diminished beetle activity, potentially impacting surrounding ecosystems. The study employed experimental methods at six distinct elevations to quantify these effects, providing new insights into the ecological role of this species in the Greater Himalaya.
Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs)
—
2021 —
WHE7723C61DF9
A comprehensive indicator framework for assessing cooperative cross-border conservation has been developed, revealing that the Karakoram-Himalayan (KH) region, spanning seven countries, has strong potential for transboundary collaboration. The study analyzed 49 protected areas using four key factors: natural environment, human environment, transport accessibility, and diplomatic environment, with results indicating that groups like Karakoram-Pamir, Kangchenjunga, and Everest show higher cooperation potential compared to others like Kashmir. This framework not only guides regional sustainable development but also serves as a global reference for transboundary conservation efforts, highlighting the importance of establishing transboundary conservation areas (TBCAs) and fostering cross-border scientific collaboration.
Villa Adriana (Tivoli)
—
2021 —
WHEC143BA0220
A novel, low-cost, and minimally destructive method using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) has been developed to distinguish between Göktepe marble from Turkey and Carrara marble from Italy, two historically significant white marbles used in Roman sculptures. This approach leverages refined unit cell parameters of calcite, offering a quick and efficient alternative to the traditional geochemical analysis that relies on strontium content. The method was validated using 18 known samples (9 from each quarry) and successfully applied to archaeological artefacts, including sculptures from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli and the National Archaeological Museum of Venice. The study demonstrates that this XRPD technique can reliably solve provenance issues in ancient marbles, providing a promising routine procedure for future research.
Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca
—
2021 —
WHE17BC4E2160
An arts hub in George Town, Malaysiaserves as a pioneering social enterprise that bridges local communities, artists, and tourists while fostering international cultural exchange. Despite its innovative place-making efforts, such as repurposing a derelict bus depot into a dynamic arts space, the hub faces significant challenges, including precarious land tenure due to urban development threats and financial sustainability risks. The study highlights the need for revenue model innovation and strategic partnerships with public sector and tourism industries to ensure long-term viability. Conducted through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, this research provides critical insights into the roles and challenges of social enterprises in the cultural sector, offering a global perspective on sustainable community engagement and entrepreneurial resilience.
Historic Centre of San Gimignano
—
2021 —
WHEC88BAA68BD
A comprehensive assessment of the seismic behavior of Giorgio Vasari's House, a historic masonry building in San Gimignano, Italy, reveals critical insights into the structural integrity and conservation challenges of heritage structures. The study employed an interdisciplinary approach combining Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for 3D geometric surveying with experimental in situ material testing to evaluate mechanical parameters essential for reliable structural analysis. Following Italian guidelines, the research utilized three evaluation levels—territorial, local, and global—to progressively deepen knowledge of the building's seismic response. Findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced survey techniques with material characterization to mitigate seismic risks in culturally significant masonry structures, providing a model for similar heritage conservation efforts.
