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Showing 20561 – 20580 of 30345 publications

Outbreak of human malaria caused by Plasmodium simium in the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro: a molecular epidemiological investigation

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2017 — WHE8B0CB8E704

A molecular epidemiological investigation reveals that an outbreak of malaria in Rio de Janeiro's Atlantic Forest, previously attributed to Plasmodium vivax, is actually caused by Plasmodium simium, a parasite typically found in non-human primates. This discovery challenges the long-standing belief that P. simium does not infect humans and suggests it may have been misdiagnosed as P. vivax due to limited molecular typing techniques. The study analyzed 33 cases from 2015-2016, confirming zoonotic transmission through mitochondrial DNA sequencing. This finding underscores the need for thorough screening of local primates and mosquitoes to assess the public health implications and potential threat to malaria elimination efforts in Brazil.

Palaeoenvironments and Palaeoclimates during the Upper-Pleistocene and Holocene in the western Lake Kivu region

Kahuzi-Biega National Park — 2017 — WHE9F90BD2968

A 35,000-year palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the western Lake Kivu region reveals significant climatic and vegetation shifts during the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene. The study, based on palynological analysis of sediment cores from Kahuzi-Biega National Park, identified nine forest evolution phases, including a heterogeneous forest under moderately hot and humid conditions (32,000–26,000 years BP) and an expansion of open herbaceous environments during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000–15,000 years BP), indicating increased dryness. The African Humid Period (10,000–7000 years BP) marked a rise in precipitation, while a subsequent shift around 4000 years BP introduced open environments and highland grasslands, linked to the 'First Millennium Crisis' of aridity. This study provides critical insights into past climatic variability and its ecological impacts in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Paleoarchean bedrock lithologies across the Makhonjwa Mountains of South Africa and Swaziland linked to geochemical, magnetic and tectonic data reveal early plate tectonic genes flanking subduction margins

Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains — 2017 — WHECE6D47877C

Research on the Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains reveals that plate tectonics and associated processes were established by 3.2–3.6 billion years ago, challenging earlier assumptions about Earth's early geodynamic behavior. The study integrates geological mapping, geochemistry, magnetism, and thermochronology to demonstrate similarities between Paleoarchean subduction zones and modern Western Pacific-like systems. Key findings include robust rates of horizontal and vertical tectonic processes that align with those observed in contemporary oceanic and orogenic terrains, providing critical constraints for testing Paleoarchean geodynamic models over a span comparable to the Phanerozoic eon.

Palmyra

Site of Palmyra — 2017 — WHE4BE61C33AA

Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Syria's Tadmur oasis, stands out for its unique political and military significance during the Roman Empire. Unlike other Roman cities, Palmyra emerged as an independent power in the 3rd century AD, playing a pivotal role when Roman forces were overwhelmed by Sassanian invaders. This book reconstructs Palmyra's history from Bronze Age origins through to modern times using literary accounts, inscriptions, coins, art, and architectural remains. It also explores the long-standing archaeological research at the site, from Ottoman rule and French mandate excavations in the 1920s to recent satellite-based studies by German archaeologists. A critical focus is the impact of ISIS occupation during the Syrian conflict, which caused significant destruction to Palmyra's ruins and heritage, with broader implications for Syria's archaeological landscape.

Palmyrena: Palmyra and the Surrounding Territory from the Roman to the Early Islamic period

Site of Palmyra — 2017 — WHE6BAB647A1A

Palmyra's hinterland played a crucial role in the city's food supply and economic resilience from the Roman to early Islamic periods, revealing its significance beyond its urban center. This study highlights how agricultural potential and nomadic networks on the Syrian dry steppe interacted with Palmyra, providing insights into its adaptability and survival strategies. By analyzing historical records and archaeological evidence since the 1930s, researchers mapped the region's agricultural capacity and trade dynamics, offering a nuanced understanding of Palmyra's role in transregional networks.

Papahānaumokuākea: Integrating Culture in the Design and Management of one of the World's Largest Marine Protected Areas

Papahānaumokuākea — 2017 — WHE32ADD6B168

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the world's largest marine protected area and the first mixed conservation site in the U.S., demonstrates how integrating indigenous cultural knowledge with scientific management can enhance conservation outcomes. This biocultural approach, rooted in Native Hawaiian values and practices, has proven effective in managing both natural and cultural resources. The study highlights the importance of involving cultural practitioners in policy, education, and research, which has led to innovative strategies that respect traditional epistemologies and relationships with place. Recognized as a cultural seascape with deep spiritual significance for Native Hawaiians, Papahānaumokuākea serves as a global model for sustainable marine conservation.

Para o estudo de um direito senhorial nas terras medievais de Alcobaça: o montado dos porco

Monastery of Alcobaça — 2017 — WHEFCF6765E78

A significant manorial right, the 'montado dos porco,' emerged in medieval Alcobaça, Portugal, as a tax on pig grazing in monastery-owned forests during the 'montanheira' season (September to January). This practice, initially absent from early charters, was formalized by the 14th century and sparked prolonged conflicts with local communities. The study reveals that these disputes were resolved only through revised charters in the 16th century, highlighting the dynamic evolution of feudal rights and their societal impact. By analyzing historical documents and legal texts, the research reconstructs this lesser-known aspect of medieval land tenure, offering insights into the intersection of economic practices, power dynamics, and community resistance during this period.

Park, People and Biodiversity Conservation in Kaziranga National Park, India

Kaziranga National Park — 2017 — WHE0873239735

Kaziranga National Park (KNP) faces significant challenges in biodiversity conservation due to complex park-people relations. A case study of peripheral villages revealed that while local communities suffer from livestock losses and damage to paddy fields caused by wild animals, they benefit economically from tourism-related activities. The study highlights the need for extended tourism initiatives and community welfare measures to foster sustainable coexistence between conservation efforts and local livelihoods. These findings provide critical insights for policy-making aimed at balancing biodiversity protection with socio-economic development in KNP.

Parking Management Policies Based on Behavior Analysis at Fatih District in Istanbul, Turkey

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2017 — WHE8946DF6BF5

Parking behaviors and policy preferences significantly vary across sub-areas within Fatih District, Istanbul. A study analyzing interview survey data revealed distinct parking patterns, influencing the selection of effective management strategies. Statistical analysis and a discrete choice model identified key factors affecting policy choices, providing actionable insights for urban planners to tailor parking solutions in historic cities with limited space.

Participatory Culture and the Social Value of an Architectural Icon: Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House — 2017 — WHE71014A161D

This book introduces innovative methods to assess the cultural significance of iconic heritage sites, such as the UNESCO-listed Sydney Opera House, by examining how participatory media shapes public perception and social value. It reveals that digital platforms like YouTube, Pinterest, Wikipedia, Facebook, and Flickr serve as spaces where people express their emotional and cultural connections to architectural landmarks. Through real-world examples—from souvenirs to opera-house-shaped cakes—the study untangles the tangible and intangible dimensions of heritage significance, highlighting how social media mediates and sustains these connections. This work contributes to the growing field of digital heritage scholarship while offering insights for academics, professionals, and policymakers navigating the evolving role of technology in preserving cultural value.

Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro

City of Quito — 2017 — WHE0DCFF4685D

Air pollution from Quito, Ecuador, triggers inflammatory responses linked to respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Research reveals that particulate matter (PM) from urban and periurban sites activates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with effects varying by particle size. Additionally, Quito's PM effectively stimulates the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key mediator of inflammation. The study analyzed PM 10 and PM 2.5 collected at seven locations using in vitro methods to assess toxicity and inflammatory activation.

Particulate Matter and Risk of Hospital Admission in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A Case-Crossover Study

Kathmandu Valley — 2017 — WHE9BC623298C

A 10-μg/m³ increase in PM10 levels was associated with a 1.7% rise in respiratory hospitalizations and 2.29% in cardiovascular admissions, highlighting the severe health risks of air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley, where daily PM10 concentrations averaged 120 μg/m³, peaking at 403 μg/m³. This study, using time-stratified case-crossover analysis with data from six major hospitals (2004–2007), is among the first to quantify pollution-related hospitalization risks in South Asia, revealing a significant burden despite limited evidence in the region.

Past, current, and future trends of red spiny lobster based on PCA with MaxEnt model in Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Galápagos Islands — 2017 — WHEEC12631D6B

A novel approach integrating principal component analysis (PCA) with maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling significantly enhances the accuracy and predictive power for assessing the potential distribution of red spiny lobster in the Galápagos Islands. The study demonstrates that using PCA-transformed environmental variables as inputs for MaxEnt models outperforms raw data, achieving better area under the curve (AUC) and partial receiver operating characteristic (pROC) metrics. This method was applied to historical data from 1997 to 2015 and projected future scenarios up to 2070, revealing critical insights into habitat suitability. Future climate change scenarios suggest potential shifts in suitable habitats, underscoring the need for adaptive management strategies to conserve this valuable species. The findings highlight the effectiveness of PCA-MaxEnt integration as a robust tool for ecological modeling and conservation planning.

Pastoralist Mobility in Bronze Age Landscapes of Northern Kazakhstan:87Sr/86Sr and δ18O Analyses of Human Dentition from Bestamak and Lisakovsk

Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan — 2017 — WHEAAECAEBF33

A new study reveals that pastoralist mobility in northern Kazakhstan decreased significantly from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, challenging assumptions about widespread movement during this period. Using strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analyses of human tooth enamel from cemeteries at Bestamak (Middle Bronze Age) and Lisakovsk (Late Bronze Age), researchers found that while small-scale mobility persisted, the range of movement narrowed over time. This suggests a shift in resource and landscape use, potentially linked to broader societal changes in the steppe region.

Patch-occupancy survey of elephant (Loxodonta africana) surrounding Livingstone, Zambia

Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls — 2017 — WHE88C422AE77

A patch-occupancy survey around Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, Zambia, revealed that elephants (Loxodonta africana) range up to 8 kilometers outside the protected core habitat, with significant presence in unfenced park zones, along roads leading to Dambwa Forest, and near the Sinde and Maramba Rivers. This finding highlights critical areas for human-elephant conflict mitigation and population monitoring. The study employed a patch-occupancy methodology, tracking indicators such as feeding behavior, dung, and tracks, while also integrating prior data to enhance detection accuracy. High detection probabilities underscore the need for regular sampling to assess changes in elephant habitat use amid ongoing land-use modifications.

Patterns of biophonic periodicity on coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef

Great Barrier Reef — 2017 — WHE3AADBE75AA

Research on the Great Barrier Reef reveals that coral reefs around Lizard Island exhibit diverse bioacoustic phenomena, particularly fish choruses with distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Over three years (2014–2016), six fish choruses displayed site fidelity, suggesting these locations serve as critical habitats for vocalizing species, possibly including spawning aggregations. These choruses demonstrated a range of periodicities from diel to annual, providing new insights into reef fish ecology and ecosystem dynamics. Environmental factors such as temperature and moonlight significantly influenced chorus timing and sound levels, underscoring the potential of passive acoustic monitoring for long-term coral reef assessment—especially relevant amid global disturbances like coral bleaching.

Patterns of the formation of bird population in the lake-river system of the Asian Subarctic mountains based on the example of the Putorana Plateau

Putorana Plateau — 2017 — WHEB6921D687B

Research on the Putorana Plateau reveals that aquatic and semiaquatic bird populations exhibit concentric, centrifugal spatial dynamics in the mountainous Subarctic region. Population density for these species remains relatively stable across habitats, with a maximal indicator only 1.9 times higher than the minimal. The study also found that population density decreases from the subalpine belt to the forest and alpine belts. This research sheds light on the patterns of bird population formation in altitudinally zoned environments, offering insights into the ecological dynamics of Subarctic lake-river systems.

Paule Pascal, sculpteur au service de l’architecture dans les années 1960-1980 dans le Gard

Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) — 2017 — WHE5F1DE87975

Paule Pascal, a sculptor trained at the École des beaux-arts de Paris under Marcel Gimond, made significant contributions to mid-20th-century architecture in the Gard region, particularly through her use of Pont du Gard stone. Her work, characterized by brutalist yet discrete techniques, included large-scale architectural integrations such as friezes, bas-reliefs, and sculptural elements for public buildings, villas, and educational institutions. Collaborating with notable architects like Armand Pellier and Joseph Massota, Pascal created iconic works like the moisson-themed relief at Nîmes' Maison de l'agriculture and a massive metal bird sculpture for Rodilhan's agricultural lycée. Her preference for Pont du Gard stone, coupled with her innovative approach to integrating sculpture into architecture, left a lasting legacy across schools, colleges, and public spaces in multiple French departments.

Pedro Cano e il Teatro Marittimo di Villa Adriana

Villa Adriana (Tivoli) — 2017 — WHE499AF23E9E

Spanish artist Pedro Cano's 2016 watercolor, 'Teatro Marittimo di Villa Adriana,' offers a vivid and meaningful depiction of the Maritime Theatre at Hadrian's Villa (Tivoli), Italy. This artwork is part of a broader series illustrating ancient Greek and Roman theatres and amphitheatres, drawing from Cano's extensive study of the site, including a 1980s sketchbook and a set of twelve etchings featuring additional structures within the complex. The watercolor, measuring 160 x 100 cm, reflects Cano's deep engagement with the architectural and historical significance of Hadrian's Villa, which served as the stage for Maurizio Scaparro's 1989 production 'Le Memorie di Adriano,' inspired by Marguerite Yourcenar's novel. This artistic interpretation provides a unique lens to explore the intersection of history, performance, and visual representation at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Pembuatan Aredu sebagai Media Pembelajaran Peninggalan Manusia Purba di Sangiran

Sangiran Early Man Site — 2017 — WHEBA2B3AD156

A study at the Sangiran Early Man Site demonstrates that Augmented Reality (AR) technology significantly enhances educational engagement and learning about prehistoric human remains. The research, which developed an AR application for the Sangiran Museum, found optimal marker detection within a 15-75 cm camera distance and a deflection angle of 15°-105°. Questionnaire results revealed high user satisfaction: 100% agreed or strongly agreed on aspects of interest and innovation, while 96.6% and 93.4% rated ease of use and navigation/interactivity positively, respectively. This approach leverages AR to visualize prehistoric life interactively, addressing the limitations of traditional static media like posters and pamphlets.