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Strengthening World Heritage protection in the Pacific: An exploration of Solomon Islands' implementation of the World Heritage Convention

East Rennell — 2017 — WHE454F6C8052

Solomon Islands' approach to protecting UNESCO World Heritage Sites, particularly East Rennell, reveals significant gaps between customary and state legal frameworks that hinder effective conservation. This study identifies critical challenges in implementing the World Heritage Convention in the Pacific, offering actionable recommendations for strengthening legal protection across Pacific Island States. By analyzing socio-legal dynamics, it highlights how customary practices often conflict with international obligations, undermining site preservation efforts.

Stromatolites on the rise in peat-bound karstic wetlands

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2017 — WHE6C288968EB

Researchers have discovered living freshwater stromatolites in the peat-bound karstic wetlands of the Giblin River catchment, part of Australia's UNESCO-listed Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. These stromatolites, which are rare and typically found in extreme marine or saline environments, thrive in mildly alkaline conditions (pH 7.0-7.9) created by karstic spring mounds within an otherwise acidic terrain. The study used 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis to reveal a unique bacterial community dominated by Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Chloroflexi, among others. Additionally, the findings suggest that stromatolites may flourish where metazoan predation is suppressed, as evidenced by the sparse macroinvertebrate population and shell damage in snails due to carbonate accumulations. This discovery challenges the conventional understanding of stromatolite habitats, indicating they may be more widespread than previously believed.

Structural Changes in Phytoplankton of the Littoral Zone of Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal — 2017 — WHE060A9647F4

A significant shift in the phytoplankton composition of Lake Baikal's littoral zone, indicative of eutrophication, has been documented between 2000 and 2015. The study revealed a dramatic increase in small-sized Chlamydomonas species, such as Chlamydomonas komma, reaching up to 7 million cells per liter—a stark contrast to their absence in the lake during 1975–1990. Additionally, Euglenophyta, markers of organic contamination, and filamentous Spirogyra algae were found in abundance near populated areas like Kultuk, Slyudyanka, Baikalsk, and Severobaikalsk. Notably, endemic species of the 'Baikal complex' disappeared during spring 2013. This structural change suggests accelerating eutrophication, threatening the ecological balance of this UNESCO-listed site. The research analyzed long-term data to assess these trends.

Structure and Diversity of Vocalisation of an Endemic Forest Bird (Brown-Capped Babbler Pellorneum fuscocapillus) Across the Climatic Gradient in Sri Lanka

Sinharaja Forest Reserve — 2017 — WHEC9C8F9BA2B

A climate-driven divergence in vocalization patterns has been identified in the Brown-Capped Babbler (Pellorneum fuscocapillus), an endemic forest bird of Sri Lanka. This study, conducted across four distinct climatic zones—including Sinharaja Forest Reserve and Mihintale Sanctuary—revealed that vocal repertoires vary significantly between wet and dry zones, as well as between mid and low elevations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated clear clustering of vocalizations based on climate, suggesting potential evolutionary adaptations to environmental conditions. The research analyzed seven vocal types, with 'Pretty dear' and 'Long chirp' being the most prevalent, using parameters like frequency modulation and temporal structure. This finding highlights the species' complex communication system as a possible indicator of ecological and evolutionary responses to climatic gradients.

Structure of Volatile Conduits beneath Gorely Volcano (Kamchatka) Revealed by Local Earthquake Tomography

Volcanoes of Kamchatka — 2017 — WHE076AFCDF23

A seismic tomography model of Gorely Volcano, Kamchatka, reveals the structure of volatile conduits beneath the volcano. The study identified a 2.5 km wide and 1.5 km thick magma reservoir with high Vp/Vs ratios (up to 2) located 2.5 km below the surface, indicating a region with high melt or volatile content. This reservoir coincides with intense seismicity, suggesting it marks the degassing level. Below this reservoir, another columnar anomaly was observed, interpreted as a conduit supplying magma and fluids from deeper sources. The study used data from 333 local earthquake events recorded by a temporary seismic network over one year, providing the first tomographic model of Gorely Volcano.

Structured Stakeholder Engagement Leads to Development of More Diverse and Inclusive Agroforestry Options

Virunga National Park — 2017 — WHEECA0E26E4D

A novel approach combining local knowledge with structured stakeholder engagement has successfully generated diverse and inclusive agroforestry options, addressing the limitations of traditional monoculture-focused strategies. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around Virunga National Park—a global biodiversity hotspot—this method identified over 70 tree species suited to varied local conditions, benefiting a broader range of stakeholders, including women and marginalized groups. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on a few priority species, this inclusive process also highlighted key interventions for scaling up adoption, such as improved access to quality planting material, capacity-building in extension systems, and collective market strategies. The findings demonstrate how integrating local and global scientific knowledge, alongside broad-based stakeholder participation, can foster more productive and resilient landscapes, offering a scalable model for agroforestry development.

Struve Geodetic Arc – the Decade in the World Heritage List

Struve Geodetic Arc — 2017 — WHE09C1273D97

A groundbreaking geodetic project spanning the 19th century, the Struve Geodetic Arc, stands as one of the most precise meridian arc measurements of its time. Stretching 2820 km from the Danube mouth to the Arctic Ocean, this network of triangulation points was established between 1816 and 1852 by scientists from modern-day Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, and Russia. The data collected during this period were remarkably accurate for the era, contributing significantly to the computation and refinement of Earth's ellipsoid parameters throughout the century. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, three points in Lithuania—Meškonys, Paliepiukai, and Gireišiai—were commemorated. This publication highlights the preservation challenges and best practices for maintaining such heritage sites, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration, public awareness, and knowledge exchange among stakeholders.

Students’ Perception on Borobudur Temple as Mathematic Learning Resource

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2017 — WHE6FE0FAE181

Junior high school students near Borobudur Temple perceive the site as a valuable geometry model, endorsing its potential to enhance mathematical learning. A study involving 313 participants found strong agreement on three key factors: Borobudur's geometric complexity, its suitability as an educational resource, and its perceived benefits for student learning. Using exploratory factor analysis with a high total variance (49.572%) and reliable Cronbach alpha (0.8204), the research confirms Borobudur’s architectural intricacies—such as stupas, statues, and relief carvings—as effective teaching tools. These findings suggest integrating cultural heritage into mathematics education could improve learning outcomes.

Study of the bryological flora at the archaeological site of Chellah, Morocco

Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage — 2017 — WHE6B9B1D0CF4

A study at the UNESCO-listed Chellah archaeological site in Rabat, Morocco, identified 20 species of bryophytes contributing to significant biodeterioration. Four dominant families—Pottiaceae, Brachyceciaceae, Funariaceae, and Bryaceae—accounted for 65% of the total bryological flora, with three species newly recorded in the region: Entosthodon pulchellus, Dydimodon fallax, and Trichostomum crispulum. The research involved systematic sampling across autumn 2014, spring 2015, and winter 2016. Bryophytes were found to initiate soil formation on substrates, compromising material durability. This study highlights the role of bryophytes in cultural heritage degradation and provides a baseline for further conservation efforts.

Study on quantitative terrain analysis based on DEM

Mount Taishan — 2017 — WHE3FBCC52EDA

A novel method for quantitatively analyzing topographic relief in small areas, such as Mount Tai (Taishan), has been developed. This approach combines Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and the Minimum Bounding Rectangle technique to create moving windows, enabling precise spatial analysis using 30-meter resolution DEM data from Taishan District. The study reveals a strong correlation between Relief Amplitude and contour frequency distribution, offering a new algorithm for classifying topographic relief degrees. This method enhances the understanding of terrain characteristics in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Mount Taishan, providing valuable insights for conservation and management efforts.

Study on rare-earth elements distribution in surface waters of Primorsky region

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2017 — WHE14B37D0609

A study reveals that the background levels of rare-earth elements (REEs) in surface waters of Primorsky region, Russia, exhibit significant variability, ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 micrograms per liter. The highest REE concentrations, between 0.48 and 1.3 micrograms per liter, are found in rivers within the Eastern and Central Sikhote-Alin catchment areas, which lie within the Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. In contrast, Western Sikhote-Alin shows the lowest REE concentration at 0.09 micrograms per liter. The distribution profile of REEs is consistent across different regions, marked by a deficiency in Cerium (Ce) and an enrichment in medium group REEs. This research provides critical insights into the geographical variation of REE levels in surface waters, which could have implications for understanding geological processes and environmental dynamics in this region.

Study on the applicability of the microtremor HVSR method to support seismic microzonation in the town of Idrija (W Slovenia)

Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija — 2017 — WHEB10622D4BA

A study on the UNESCO-listed site of Almadén and Idrija reveals that the microtremor HVSR method can effectively estimate resonance frequencies without detailed subsurface knowledge, aiding seismic microzonation. The research analyzed 70 free-field measurements in Idrija, Slovenia, identifying sediment resonance at 48 points despite limited space and high noise levels. Surprisingly, no clear correlation emerged between resonance frequencies or peak amplitudes and known soft sediments, likely due to compacted deposits and complex geometries. However, individual locations showed correlations with geological structures, highlighting potential site effects. The study underscores the HVSR method's importance for assessing soil-structure resonance in protected heritage buildings and supports soil classification for building codes.

Subglacial discharges create fluctuating foraging hotspots for sea birds in tidewater glacier bays

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2017 — WHE93028A2DFD

Subglacial discharges of meltwater create small but highly intensive foraging hotspots for sea birds, such as black-legged kittiwakes, in tidewater glacier bays. These hotspots form when subglacial discharge reaches the surface with high entrainment velocity and sufficient macroplankton, influencing glacier bay hydrology and seabird foraging patterns. The study combined GPS tracking of kittiwakes, satellite imagery analysis, and in situ measurements of water properties to examine the variability and dynamics of these hotspots. Findings reveal that the position and type of subglacial discharges fluctuate over time and space, impacting both glacier bay hydrology and seabird foraging behavior.

Successes and failures of participation-in-design: Cases from Old Havana, Cuba

Old Havana and its Fortification System — 2017 — WHE16A3EDFC03

Participatory design approaches, such as Cuba's Community Architect Program, while innovative, face significant obstacles in historic urban contexts like Old Havana. Despite its rapid expansion and success in providing design advice to self-help builders nationwide, the program's effectiveness in Old Havana is limited by barriers such as access to materials, construction challenges, and management issues. A study analyzing two home renovation projects and resident perceptions revealed that while participatory design can foster community engagement, it must be complemented by broader initiatives addressing practical aspects of housing development to fully benefit low-income residents.

Successful reconstruction of whole mitochondrial genomes from ancient Central America and Mexico

Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes — 2017 — WHEE754D6AE6B

Researchers successfully reconstructed whole mitochondrial genomes from ancient dental samples, providing the first genetic evidence linking Greater Nicoya and Casas Grandes cultures to contemporary Isthmo-Columbian and Greater Southwest populations. Using advanced mitogenome capture and high-throughput sequencing, the study analyzed 14 samples from northwest Costa Rica (A.D. 800-1250) and Mexico (A.D. 1200-1450), achieving full reconstructions for eight individuals. The findings reveal distinct haplogroups in Greater Nicoya (B2d, associated with Chibchan-speakers) and Casas Grandes (C1c1a, C1c5, B2f, and B2a, linked to North American and Mesoamerican populations). This breakthrough addresses long-standing questions about the genetic affinities of borderland cultures in ancient Mesoamerica.

Suicide in the Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park — 2017 — WHE426A330AFD

A significant gender disparity exists among suicides in the Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP), with 83% of cases involving men, slightly higher than the national average. This study provides the first estimate of suicide rates in the GCNP by analyzing 47 known suicides through 2004 using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative data with quantitative analysis. The research examines demographic variables, social strains, psychiatric morbidity, and suicide methods to shed light on why individuals seek out national parks for such acts. Anecdotal evidence suggests many view the park as a meaningful or special place, contributing to its prominence in suicide-related incidents among U.S. national parks.

Sulfolobus islandicus meta‐populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs

Yellowstone National Park — 2017 — WHEA6757C5BEA

Research reveals that Sulfolobus islandicus populations in Yellowstone National Park's hot springs are structured into independent meta-populations, shaped by geographic isolation and abiotic factors like spring size and landscape position. While geochemistry influences regional population differentiation, temporal changes in these populations are not explained by corresponding geochemical variations. Instead, events such as storm-induced destabilization of smaller springs, leading to extinction or bottleneck effects, drive high variation over time. The study used deep amplicon sequencing to analyze 148 unique alleles at two loci across seven hot springs sampled over three years, providing evidence for low migration between springs and the dominance of local selective forces.

Sundarban mangroves: diversity, ecosystem services and climate change impacts

The Sundarbans — 2017 — WHED3A7023A89

Climate change poses severe threats to the Sundarbans mangroves, including salinity intrusion, increased cyclones, and erratic rainfall and temperature patterns, which are already disrupting livelihoods and exacerbating social vulnerabilities. This study systematically reviews the biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and services of the Sundarbans mangroves in relation to climatic variations, highlighting their critical role in carbon sequestration, sediment trapping, nutrient recycling, and supporting rich biodiversity through detritus-based food webs. The research underscores the urgent need for high-resolution scientific data to identify multidimensional vulnerabilities and integrate conservation strategies with climate change adaptation, including promoting alternative livelihoods. Interdisciplinary approaches are essential to mitigate future climatic disasters and protect the invaluable ecosystem services provided by this unique coastal wetland.

Super-gentrification and hyper-tourismification in Le Marais, Paris

Paris, Banks of the Seine — 2017 — WHE0B212ABB77

Le Marais, Paris, exemplifies the complex interplay between tourism, gentrification, and heritage. The study introduces 'hyper-tourismification,' a stage of tourism development marked by an ultra-sophisticated, high-end product that reshapes urban morphology. It links this phenomenon to residential and commercial gentrification, revealing how tourism accelerates the transformation of historic districts. Le Marais, originally a 17th-century district with decaying mansions, underwent densification in the 19th century due to industrial businesses. The research connects these processes, offering insights into the dynamics of urban change driven by tourism and gentrification.

Surveillance for Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) as an Aid to Range Expansion of the Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2017 — WHE8A7E4DC396

A low prevalence (1.8%) of antibodies to Pasteurella multocida, the bacterium causing hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), was detected in water buffalo adjacent to Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), indicating a limited but present risk to the endangered Javan rhinoceros population. The study, conducted between 2012 and 2013, analyzed samples from 770 buffalo across 19 villages, finding no active bacterial infections but identifying potential risk factors linked to husbandry practices, such as lack of permanent housing, poor body condition, and grazing inside the park. These findings suggest that while HS is not widespread in Banten Province, targeted surveillance and preventative measures could mitigate risks to both buffalo livelihoods and rhinoceros conservation efforts aimed at expanding their range beyond UKNP.