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Publications

Showing 26421 – 26440 of 30315 publications

Les musées au Maghreb et leurs publics

Village of Sidi Bou Saïd — 2013 — WHEA917D474C4

A comprehensive analysis of museums in the Maghreb reveals significant challenges and opportunities in their reconfiguration, particularly regarding public engagement. The study, conducted by a multidisciplinary team at Sidi Bou Saïd in 2010, highlights that the perception and integration of museum audiences are critical yet often overlooked aspects of institutional development. Researchers and professionals from diverse fields faced difficulties in defining the role of museums, underscoring the need for a more nuanced approach to audience engagement. This work provides a foundational framework for understanding the evolving dynamics between Maghrebi museums and their publics.

Les objets de Parure associés au dépôt funéraire mésolithique de GroΒe Ofnet : implications pour la compréhension de l'organisation sociale des dernières sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs du Jura Souabe

Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura — 2013 — WHEE7C50B2F44

A new analysis of personal ornaments from the Mesolithic burial site of Groβe Ofnet in Germany reveals that the last hunter-gatherer societies of the Swabian Jura maintained active, large-scale exchange networks despite potential reductions in mobility. The study, which combines taphonomic, archaeozoological, technological, morphometric, and functional analyses, demonstrates complex acquisition patterns for these ornaments, including multidirectional exchanges, and suggests intergenerational transmission through shared technical traditions. This challenges previous interpretations of hostile intergroup relationships by showing that social organization was sustained through long-distance connections rather than localized isolation.

Les regards des Nord-Américains portés sur les cultures pueblo et navajo. Une histoire de cultures ou la culture de l'histoire ?

Taos Pueblo — 2013 — WHED010EEC56A

This study reveals the complex interplay between Euro-American perceptions and Indigenous views of Pueblo and Navajo heritage, highlighting how globalized tourism and patrimonialization shape cultural narratives. It finds that while sites like Chaco Culture, Mesa Verde, and Taos Pueblo are tied to living traditions, their management—often influenced by laws such as NAGPRA—creates tensions between economic interests (e.g., tourism) and Indigenous agency. The research compares the 'outsider' gaze of tourists and professionals with the 'insider' perspective of Pueblo and Navajo descendants, showing how these divergent views can either hinder or foster cultural revitalization. By analyzing actors across local, national, and global scales, the study underscores the need for intercultural dialogue to redefine heritage narratives in a way that balances preservation with Indigenous sovereignty.

Les Thermes du Levant à Leptis Magna : quatre contextes céramiques des IIIe et IVe siècles

Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna — 2013 — WHEDFA0DC446B

A detailed study of four ceramic contexts from the Thermes du Levant at Leptis Magna, dating between 250 and 400 AD, reveals significant advancements in the chronological framework of Roman ceramics in Tripolitania. By integrating archaeological and archaeometric analyses, researchers identified key imported (Sicilian and Eastern amphorae) and locally produced ceramic classes (Tripolitanian sigillata, culinary ware), refining regional economic insights and the site's overall chronology. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of Leptis Magna's 3rd-4th century economy and cultural dynamics.

Lessons from a lost technology: The secrets of Roman concrete

Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) — 2013 — WHE8AD852242E

Roman concrete, renowned for its durability and use in iconic structures like the Pont du Gard aqueduct and the Colosseum, harbors a hidden secret: the mineral al-tobermorite. This discovery, detailed by Jackson et al. (2013), reveals that Roman seawater concrete undergoes a unique chemical process over time, forming this stable mineral which enhances its longevity. The study analyzed samples from 11 ancient Mediterranean harbors, part of the ROMACONS project (2002-2009), demonstrating how Roman engineers leveraged volcanic ash and seawater to create a material that defies modern concrete's typical degradation. This insight offers potential for developing more resilient, long-lasting infrastructure materials today.

Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of Yosemite National Park, California

Yosemite National Park — 2013 — WHE8F45A0E22F

A comprehensive survey of lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Yosemite National Park, California, reveals 562 species, significantly expanding the known diversity from previous records. This includes 461 newly documented species for the park, 22 additional lichenicolous fungi, and two non-lichenized fungi associated with specific host species. The study also identifies 75 species known from nearby Sierra Nevada regions but not yet recorded in Yosemite, along with 14 species apparently new to the Sierra Nevada, 17 new to California, and five new to North America (e.g., Gyalidea fritzei, Pyrenopsis reducta). Taxonomic updates include the description of Verrucaria carbonusta Breuss and the synonymization of Lecidea fuscoatrina under L. cascadensis H. Magn. The research combines literature review, intensive field studies at 15 sites, and opportunistic sampling across the park.

Lidar survey in the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site

Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne — 2013 — WHE75D8413F4E

A lidar survey of the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site, covering approximately 90 km², revealed previously unrecorded archaeological features such as large enclosures (>100 m in diameter), route ways, hollow-ways, embanked enclosures, and quarries. These findings, analyzed using advanced visualization techniques like multi-direction hillshade and Sky View Factor, significantly enhanced the understanding of this Neolithic landscape's subtle topographic expressions. Geophysical surveys corroborated lidar-based discoveries, while viewshed analysis suggested that Newgrange would have been the first visible tomb for a Neolithic boat traveler, with all three great tombs only visible from the Bend's apex. The study also highlighted recent discoveries lacking topographic expression, emphasizing lidar's potential and limitations in subtle-relief landscapes.

Life of the Buddha [8]

Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha — 2013 — WHE7827CC3729

A detailed Buddha narrative, originating from Kapilavastu (modern-day Nepal), was translated into Chinese around 200 CE and is linked to the development of Buddhist pilgrimage traditions. The text, based on localized episodes, includes key sites such as Lumbini (birthplace of the Buddha), Bodh Gaya (Enlightenment site), Benares (Deer Park sermon location), and the Buddha's final resting place. French scholar Alfred Foucher proposed that this narrative evolved to serve pilgrimage routes, emphasizing its cultural and historical significance in Buddhist heritage.

Lightning-induced remanent magnetization—the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa

Vredefort Dome — 2013 — WHE72AA585DD0

Research at the Vredefort Dome, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Earth's largest meteorite impact structures, reveals that lightning strikes can significantly enhance natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in target rocks. Laboratory experiments demonstrated increased NRMs, susceptibility, and Koenigsberger Q values in both Vredefort and non-impact Johannesburg dome rocks after simulated lightning pulses. Magnetic measurements and scanning electron microscopy identified mineralogical changes, including the oxidation of magnetite to maghemite, grain fragmentation, and size reduction—processes analogous to those observed in lodestones. These findings suggest that lightning-induced magnetization could explain elevated Q values previously attributed solely to meteorite impact or plasma fields, offering new insights into the magnetic properties of impact structures.

Liivimaa Üldkasulik ja Ökonoomiline Sotsieteet kui innovaatiline ühistegevusorganisatsioon

Struve Geodetic Arc — 2013 — WHE21348A1417

A groundbreaking cooperative model established by the Livonian Society in the 19th century facilitated unprecedented integration of science, economy, and culture across Estonia and Latvia. This innovative organization, funded significantly by a donation equivalent to over 3,250 oxen at the time, supported landmark scientific projects such as the triangulation of Livonia—resulting in the Struve Geodetic Arc, the only Baltic States research-based entry on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The Society's collaborative framework, uniting estate owners, scientists, and political figures, laid the foundation for enduring cooperative networks in agriculture, trade, industry, and meteorology. Its legacy raises contemporary relevance in 21st-century crises, suggesting that similar cooperative structures could revitalize large-scale scientific and economic initiatives today.

Linking synoptic forcing and local mesoscale processes with biological dynamics off Ningaloo Reef

Ningaloo Coast — 2013 — WHEB75333FC30

A hydrographic survey off Ningaloo Reef, northwest Australia, during austral autumn 2010 revealed that subsurface water masses remain relatively stable despite interannual variability of the Leeuwin Current (LC). The study found a consistent subsurface nitrate maximum (~110–230 m) across different water masses, suggesting local in situ remineralization of organic matter. Enhanced surface chlorophyll a levels offshore were linked to deeper mixed layer depths within downwelling-favorable LC regions, while nutrients were efficiently uplifted near the continental shelf by quasi-persistent cyclonic eddies. A wind-driven coastal upwelling event, characterized by a deep nutrient source (~100–150 m), promoted local and regional productivity through alongshore advection.

Livestock Depredation by Carnivores in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania

Serengeti National Park — 2013 — WHE7AD940DD37

Livestock depredation by carnivores in the Serengeti ecosystem is significantly influenced by proximity to the protected area, with villages farthest from the park experiencing the lowest rates of depredation. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) were identified as the most destructive species, while small carnivores, including baboons, posed greater threats in medium and distant villages. The study also found that livestock diseases were the primary cause of livestock loss, particularly in villages closest to the park. Methods for protecting livestock varied significantly based on distance from the protected area, highlighting the need for improved enclosures and livestock husbandry skills among local communities. The research recommends enhanced veterinary support, including well-trained personnel and adequate facilities, as well as integrated studies on livestock and wildlife diseases to mitigate economic losses and improve household economies.

Living Religious Heritage and Challenges to Museum Ethics: Reflections from the Monastic Community of Mount Athos

Mount Athos — 2013 — WHE0133022367

Mount Athos's monastic community faces ethical dilemmas in balancing religious heritage preservation with public accessibility, reflecting broader challenges in contemporary museology. This study highlights the tension between traditional values and modern museum principles, particularly concerning displays of sacred treasures. Through extensive research within the monastic community, it reveals reluctance to adopt widespread museological standards due to fears of 'touristification' and 'museumification.' The paper argues for a collaborative approach where heritage professionals can respect monastic value systems while advocating solutions that make Athonite heritage more accessible to the public without compromising its spiritual significance.

Local Assessment of Rio de Janeiro City: Two Case Studies of Urbanization Trends and Ecological Impacts

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2013 — WHE198AECC75A

Rio de Janeiro's urban expansion, driven by economic growth, is significantly altering its ecological landscape, particularly within the Atlantic Forest, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. This study highlights two contrasting case studies: Misericórdia Massif, where community-led efforts aim to restore ecosystem services amid dense urbanization, and Barra da Tijuca, a newly developed area where developers complied with environmental laws by protecting ecological parks. Despite differing motivations—community-driven restoration versus regulatory compliance—the forests in both areas provide irreplaceable ecosystem services. The findings underscore the potential for biodiversity to play a central role in urban planning and ecosystem retrofitting, offering practical models for balancing urbanization with ecological preservation.

Local Community Readiness in Entrepreneurship: Do Gender Differ in Searching Business Opportunity

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley — 2013 — WHEBD0A29329B

A study examining gender differences in business opportunity search among the local community of Lenggong Valley reveals that men and women differ significantly in their approach to generating business ideas. Conducted on 500 participants, the research found distinct patterns in how males and females identify and develop business opportunities, which could inform entrepreneurial training programs aimed at fostering innovation within the community. This insight is crucial for understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship and its potential impact on economic growth, particularly in UNESCO World Heritage Sites where cultural heritage intersects with economic development.

Local Visions of the Landscape: Participatory Photographic Survey of the World Heritage Site, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras

Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras — 2013 — WHECC3A3A5F4D

Local residents of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, exhibit deep awareness of their ancestral landscape and its role in livelihoods and food supply. This insight emerged from a participatory photographic survey involving community members, revealing their intimate connection to the terraces beyond stereotypical depictions often promoted by tourism and media. The study highlights how local perceptions contrast with outsider narratives, offering a nuanced understanding of cultural heritage that integrates traditional knowledge with modern conservation efforts.

Long-term Changes of Sediment and Topography at the Southern Kanghwa Tidal Flat, West Coast of Korea

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2013 — WHE158B4A4DE4

A 15-year study of the Southern Kanghwa Tidal Flat, part of Korea's UNESCO-listed Getbol tidal flats, reveals significant sedimentary and topographic changes driven by human interventions. The research found that while mud-dominated sediments decreased in area, sand-mud mixed sediments expanded eastward between 1997 and 2011. Topographically, deposition occurred at Tongmakri and Yeochari tidal flats, whereas erosion was observed at Changhwari. These changes are attributed to the construction of artificial structures near the tidal flat since the 1990s, which altered local hydrodynamic conditions. The study compared surface sediment distributions in summer 1997 and 2011, as well as elevations from April 1998 and March 2013, providing a comprehensive assessment of long-term environmental shifts in this ecologically significant coastal ecosystem.

Long‐term Changes in Fruit Phenology in a West African Lowland Tropical Rain Forest are Not Explained by Rainfall

Taï National Park — 2013 — WHEF47CC24D75

Despite multi-decadal rainfall declines in West Africa, Taï National Park's tropical rain forest shows no negative impact on fruit phenology. A 12-year study of 44 species found upward trends in fruiting for most species at both individual and community levels, with peak production unrelated to seasons. While some species showed negative correlations with rainfall, only five exhibited positive ones, suggesting other factors drive fruit abundance variability.

Los mayas del Clásico Tardío y Terminal. Una propuesta acerca de la dinámica demográfica de algunos grupos mayas prehispánicos: Jaina, Palenque y Copán

Maya Site of Copan — 2013 — WHE1F2FD459F8

A comprehensive paleodemographic analysis of Maya populations from the Late and Terminal Classic periods reveals significant variations in mortality, fertility, and life expectancy across three key sites: Jaina (coastal Yucatán), Palenque, and Copán. The study, based on 676 skeletal remains, estimates an average age at death of 28.5 years, with Jaina exhibiting the highest mortality rates and fertility (8.8 births per woman) compared to Palenque and Copán (5.0). Notably, Jaina's fertility rate of 63.9 is the highest recorded for ancient Maya groups. The research highlights underrepresentation of infant mortality in skeletal records and provides insights into demographic dynamics, offering a comparative framework for understanding pre-Hispanic Maya population structures.

Los primeros diques de Córdoba, Argentina: Los Tajamares Jesuitas

Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba — 2013 — WHE213F178916

The Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba, Argentina, feature some of the oldest artificial dams in the province, known as 'Tajamares,' constructed between 1616 and 1683. These hydrological structures, designed to optimize water resource use for agriculture and energy, remain functional or structurally intact today, demonstrating remarkable longevity. A study by Reyna et al. (2013) analyzed the stability, functionality, and conservation status of these dams, comparing them with similar European and Asian systems. The research involved hydrological, batymetric, and topographic assessments, along with structural stability calculations. Findings suggest that the Jesuits' approach—balancing utopian ideals with practical engineering—minimized environmental impact while ensuring durability. The study also aligns with UNESCO recommendations for preserving hydraulic systems within World Heritage Sites, proposing measures to safeguard these structures for future generations.