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Seasonal variation of the phytoplankton community structure in the São João River, Iguaçu National Park, Brazil

Iguaçu National Park — 2013 — WHE914BDF55AC

A study of the São João River, a tributary of the Iguaçu River within Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in phytoplankton community structure. Over an annual cycle (August 2008 to July 2009), 221 taxa were identified, with Bacillariophyceae dominating both in density and biovolume. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) highlighted distinct differences between seasons and sampling sites, driven primarily by limnological factors such as temperature, transparency, and nutrient availability. While temporal heterogeneity was observed in diversity indexes and evenness, spatial similarity persisted due to the proximity of study stations and unidirectional flow characteristics typical of lotic environments.

Security and the Holy Places of Jerusalem: The ‘Hebronisation’ of the Old City and Adjacent Areas

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2013 — WHE9AC0DA1879

The prolonged control over territory, as demonstrated by historical and contemporary examples, requires more than military force—it necessitates consolidation through either indirect or direct means. Indirect control relies on local proxies who leverage their knowledge of the terrain and population to co-opt residents and extract resources. Direct control, in contrast, involves government agencies, colonization efforts, and displacement of indigenous populations, leading to a significant rupture with the past. This study examines these dynamics through the lens of Jerusalem's Old City, where the 'Hebronisation' process illustrates how direct assertion of control has reshaped the landscape, displaced local populations, and embedded dominant policies, offering insights into the enduring challenges of territorial occupation.

Sediment Transport in the Quanzhou Bay

Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China — 2013 — WHECFF355FAED

A significant variation in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in Quanzhou Bay is driven more by tidal currents than riverine input. Observations from six ship moorings during spring and neap tides revealed that SSC was one order of magnitude higher during spring tides compared to the Jinjiang River's contribution, suggesting tidal forces play a dominant role in sediment dynamics under normal weather conditions.

Sedimentary Evolution of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in Cenozoic and its Response to the Uplift of the Plateau

Qinghai Hoh Xil — 2013 — WHE05A9B1F325

Research identifies five major uplift events in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic, revealing a shift from eastward to westward high elevations by the late Miocene. The study analyzed 98 remnant basins across the plateau, documenting sedimentary and tectonic changes from the Paleocene to Pliocene. Key findings include widespread regional unconformity around 23 million years ago, indicating peak uplift followed by collapse, and the expansion of lacustrine deposition peaking between 18–13 million years ago. The research highlights how continuous uplift and taphrogeny fragmented basins, reducing lacustrine deposits and increasing boulderstone accumulation, marking a response to the plateau's overall elevation changes.

Seeking control: Disentangling the difficult sociality of Kakadu National Park’s joint management

Kakadu National Park — 2013 — WHE188D472238

Kakadu National Park, Australia’s largest and most complex protected area, employs a joint management model that shares power between the state and traditional Aboriginal owners. However, this model is plagued by confusion and mistrust, with stakeholders often perceiving themselves as powerless while attributing significant influence to others. Research reveals that structural and habitual dynamics have entrenched in one domain of park management, yet undergone radical transformation in another. The study highlights the complex interplay between structure and social agency within joint governance frameworks, offering insights into the challenges of shared decision-making in culturally diverse protected areas.

Seismic zoning of the southern slope of Greater Caucasus from the fractal parameters of the earthquakes, stress state, and GPS velocities

Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace — 2013 — WHE637CD72127

Researchers have identified four distinct seismic zones—Balaken-Zagatala, Sheki-Gabala, Shamakhy-Ismailly, and Absheron—along the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus using a novel method combining GPS velocities, earthquake seismicity, fractal dimensions of epicenters, focal mechanisms, and crustal stress analysis. This approach provides a criterion for seismotectonic zoning and offers a tool for assessing seismic hazards in collision zones. The study highlights the potential of integrating multiple geophysical datasets to improve seismic risk evaluation in complex tectonic regions.

Selected papers from the 6th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber Byblos, Lebanon,14-18 April 2013

Byblos — 2013 — WHE3FAE33BF07

The 6th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber held at Byblos, Lebanon, in April 2013, highlighted significant advancements in the study of fossilized arthropods and amber. The congress brought together international experts to present findings that deepen our understanding of ancient ecosystems, particularly those preserved in Lebanese amber. Key contributions included detailed analyses of fossil insect diversity, paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and comparative studies with modern arthropod lineages. The research approach combined rigorous taxonomic analysis with cutting-edge paleontological techniques, offering new insights into the evolutionary history and ecological dynamics of fossil insects and their habitats.

Series editor's foreword

Monastic Island of Reichenau — 2013 — WHEBDFED6CD56

This volume introduces three pioneering chronicles from eleventh-century Germany, offering the first English translations of works by Herman and Berthold, monks at Reichenau, and Bernold, a cathedral cleric. These texts refocused historical narratives on the papacy, capturing the ideological struggles of Church reform under Pope Gregory VII. The chronicles reveal how intellectuals intertwined history with political ideology to justify reformist agendas, providing a critical lens into 'the first European revolution.' Ian Robinson's scholarly translations and annotations make these complex and rewarding texts accessible, highlighting their significance in understanding medieval reform movements.

Seroprevalence of Zoonotic Parasites in Pigs Slaughtered in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

Kathmandu Valley — 2013 — WHEC0FA30400C

A study conducted between 2007 and 2010 in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, revealed low but notable seroprevalence of zoonotic parasites in slaughtered pigs. Only 0.1% of the 742 pigs tested positive for Trichinella infection, while 13.8% were found to have T. solium cysticercosis and 11.7% showed signs of Toxoplasma infection. The research highlights the potential risk of pork as a carrier of zoonotic agents, emphasizing the need for enhanced food safety protocols throughout the pork production chain in Nepal. This cross-sectional study used serological methods to assess the infection status of pigs, providing critical data on the prevalence of these parasites and their implications for public health.

Serosurvey of Dogs for Human, Livestock, and Wildlife Pathogens, Uganda

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2013 — WHE0CDBD0D3F2

A serosurvey of dogs in and around three Ugandan national parks, including Bwindi Impenetrable National Park—a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its mountain gorilla populations—revealed high seroprevalence rates (20% to 100%) for multiple pathogens with implications for human, livestock, and wildlife health. Notably, the study found the highest reported global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs, suggesting significant environmental contamination by this protozoon. Additionally, rabies virus antibodies were more prevalent in castrated dogs, hinting at potential differences in exposure or survival between dog populations. The research also identified active circulation of canine distemper and parvoviruses, which pose risks to both domestic and wild carnivores, including endangered mountain gorillas. Conducted during a rabies vaccination campaign, the study highlights the role of rural dogs as sentinels for zoonotic diseases and underscores the need for integrated disease control strategies to protect human health, livestock, and biodiversity in densely populated regions adjacent to protected areas.

Sex-based spatial segregation of adult bull sharks,Carcharhinus leucas, in the New Caledonian great lagoon

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2013 — WHEECAA844606

Adult bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in New Caledonia exhibit sex-based spatial segregation, with males found exclusively at an oceanic barrier coral reef over 100 km from the nearest river mouth, while females reside in coastal waters. This unusual pattern likely stems from the unique estuarine-marine continuum of the New Caledonian great lagoon. The study, the first to track adult bull sharks in the region using passive acoustic tags, monitored two females for up to 707 days, revealing transient behavior and short-term residency around a coastal reef bay, with movements linked to seasonal river dynamics. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about bull shark habitat preferences and underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies to manage shark-human interactions and protect threatened populations.

Shear structural paragenesis and its role in continental rifting of the East Asian margin

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2013 — WHE8FCAC44D5F

Research reveals that the East Asian global shear zone (EAGSZ) exhibits structural characteristics identical to known natural and experimental shear zones, confirming its development as an integrated system. The study identifies two distinct stages of structural paragenesis: a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous shear-thrust stage marked by NNW-oriented compression, forming left-lateral strike-slip faults like the Tan-Lu-Sikhote-Alin (TS) system and updip-thrusts such as the Bohai-Amur (BA) system; and a Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic strike-slip-pull apart stage characterized by SE-directed tangential compression, transitioning the BA system's kinematics to left-lateral strike-slip faults. This transtension regime facilitated pull-apart structures, with left-lateral shear extension playing a decisive role in rift valley and sedimentary basin development along the Tan-Lu fault. The study combines spatial-genetic relationships analysis with structural-kinematic modeling to elucidate these dynamic processes.

Shell Technology, Rock Art, and the Role of Marine Resources during the Upper Paleolithic

Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain — 2013 — WHE1431D2C7AD

A groundbreaking analysis of shell technology from the Gravettian levels of Fuente del Salín, northern Spain, reveals that marine resources played a more significant and diverse role during the Upper Paleolithic than previously believed. Unlike the traditional focus on their nutritional or ornamental value, this study demonstrates that shells were extensively used for processing red pigments in cave art and tanning hides. This technological versatility challenges the long-held assumption that marine resources were low-efficiency assets, underscoring their critical importance to Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.

Ship incident risk in the areas of Tubbataha and Banc d'Arguin: A case for designation as Particular Sensitive Sea Area?

Banc d'Arguin National Park — 2013 — WHE8EB3C69887

Research confirms that ship incident risk has increased significantly near the Banc d'Arguin National Park (Mauritania) and Tubbataha Reef National Park (Philippines), supporting their potential designation as Particular Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) under the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The study employed an integrated framework combining comprehensive data to estimate total risk exposure from shipping activities, revealing a rising trend in risk measures for vessels operating in or near West Africa and Southeast Asia. This finding underscores the need for heightened protection for these ecologically vital UNESCO sites, which are vulnerable to growing maritime traffic.

Sílidos (Syllidae: Polychaeta) del Parque Nacional de Coiba (Pacífico, Panamá)

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2013 — WHEF8D1911DBF

A study of soft-bottom habitats in Coiba National Park, Panama, uncovered 19 interstitial species of syllid polychaetes (Annelida), including two new records for the Pacific Ocean and five new to Panama. Notably, Exogone (Exogone) longicornis exhibited triangular subterminal processes not previously documented, while Syllis botosaneanui was observed as viviparous for the first time. Additionally, a single specimen of an undetermined Syllis species, characterized by a long pharynx, dorsal prostomial lobes, and unique compound chaetae, was identified but not formally described due to insufficient data.

Simple criteria to determine detachment point of towed satellite tags provide first evidence of return migrations of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Galápagos Islands — 2013 — WHEC39453C035

Researchers have uncovered the first evidence of return migrations in whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. By analyzing data from towed satellite tags attached to three large female whale sharks, scientists developed criteria to distinguish between tracks of attached and detached tags. One shark was tracked for an unprecedented 167 days, traveling 1,650 km west before returning to Darwin Island, demonstrating a homing migration behavior. The study also found that two other sharks returned to the same site. The research utilized SPOT-5 and SPLASH satellite tags, comparing their tracks with those of floating tags released at the same location. Key indicators for tag detachment included changes in daily transmission timing, location quality, and consistency with surface temperature or depth records. This discovery sheds light on the migratory patterns of whale sharks, a species listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.

Simultaneous physical retrieval of surface emissivity spectrum and atmospheric parameters from infrared atmospheric sounder interferometer spectral radiances

Namib Sand Sea — 2013 — WHE2AFC2E396E

A novel methodology enables the simultaneous retrieval of surface emissivity spectra, skin temperature, and atmospheric parameters (temperature, water vapor, ozone) from high-spectral-resolution infrared observations. The approach leverages a generalized L-curve criterion framework to solve an inverse problem with multiple regularization parameters, reducing dimensionality by expanding emissivity in Fourier series. Validated using satellite data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI), the method demonstrates reliable retrievals over regions with known or stable emissivity, including arid lands like the Namib Sand Sea and sea surfaces. This advancement enhances atmospheric monitoring and surface characterization, particularly in challenging environments such as deserts.

Six attributes of social resilience

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2013 — WHEA98266AA24

Research identifies six key attributes of social resilience, advancing understanding of this emerging concept in natural resource management. The study, conducted by a multidisciplinary team in collaboration with local government and non-government agencies in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia, shifts the focus from assumptions to evidence-based insights. By examining real-world cases, the findings provide actionable knowledge for managing social resilience in vulnerable ecosystems, offering a framework that bridges scientific research with practical application.

Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2013 — WHEA544099D6C

A striking contrast emerges between the grand narratives of Thomas Jefferson's legacy and the harsh reality of slavery at his Monticello estate. While Jefferson is celebrated as a champion of liberty, an exhibition at the Smithsonian reveals the paradox: over 607 enslaved individuals labored under his ownership, challenging the idealized image of America's third president. The study examines how this duality—liberty and bondage—coexisted within Jefferson's life and ideals, using historical records and artifacts to expose the complexities of his legacy. By juxtaposing a towering, idealized statue with a more human-scale representation surrounded by the names of enslaved individuals, the exhibition forces visitors to confront this unresolved tension.

Snakes on the Nile: Iconographical and Cultural Motifs in Egypt, Nubia, and Hellenistic World

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region — 2013 — WHE6116277BE4

A study of the snake motif in Meroitic Kingdom reveals its multifaceted symbolism, representing water, rebirth, and kingship. The research, conducted at Napata—where an archaeological mission is excavating Natakamani’s Palace (1st century BC)—analyzes architectural and decorative evidence, particularly painted pottery, to demonstrate the motif's cultural significance. These findings highlight a syncretic blend of Pharaonic Egyptian, Hellenistic, and local Nubian traditions, with notable depictions like the serpent combined with grapevine symbolizing rebirth. The study underscores the originality of Meroitic iconography while tracing its evolutionary roots across these influences.