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Rietveld and Nieuwe Zakelijkheid in Architecture

Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) — 2013 — WHEFC237FEA44

Gerrit Rietveld, renowned for his red-blue chair and the Schröderhuis, played a more significant role in the international avant-garde exchange post-World War I than previously acknowledged. His architectural philosophy, rooted in 'Nieuwe Zakelijkheid' (New Objectivity), emphasized space as the essence of architecture. This study revisits Rietveld's contributions, highlighting his lesser-known texts and their influence on Dutch and international architecture, challenging the narrow post-war perception that primarily focuses on De Stijl icons.

Rights Resources and Rural Development

Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape — 2013 — WHEB1AD955FD2

A decade of experimentation with community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Southern Africa reveals nuanced insights into balancing biodiversity conservation with rural development. The study, through a series of case studies across regions including the Richtersveld and Okavango Delta, demonstrates that effective CBNRM requires reconciling traditional governance structures, local ecological knowledge, and modern conservation practices. It highlights both successes, such as the Torra Conservancy in Namibia and the Tchumo Tchato Project in Mozambique, and challenges, like power dynamics in Zimbabwe's Mafaungautsi State Forest. The research underscores the need for adaptive governance models that integrate community rights, spiritual ecology, and participatory management to achieve sustainable outcomes.

Riqueza de espécies e diversidade de Marchantiophyta (hepáticas) de capões de mata, no parque nacional da chapada dos veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2013 — WHEEC7D8F89E4

A comprehensive survey of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) in the 'capões de mata' forest patches within Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Brazil's Cerrado biome, revealed 36 species across 11 families. Notably, six species represent new records for Brazil's Central-West region and eight are first occurrences for Goiás state. Lejeuneaceae (15 spp.) and Frullaniaceae (five spp.) dominated the diversity, accounting for 54% of the total. All identified species are also found in the Atlantic Forest biome, with significant overlap in the Amazon (66%), Pantanal (44%), Caatinga (22%), and Pampas (11%). None of the species are listed as threatened by the IUCN. The study utilized field surveys to document liverwort richness and diversity, contributing critical baseline data for conservation efforts in this globally significant protected area.

Rites and Rule: Kiyomori at Itsukushima and Fukuhara

Itsukushima Shinto Shrine — 2013 — WHEBC596FFDA2

Historical research challenges the traditional focus on military and political narratives by demonstrating that ritual practices significantly influenced the rise of the Taira family during the Genpei War (1180-1185). Heather Blair's study highlights the central role of ritual regimes, particularly those involving Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa and Kiyomori, in shaping twelfth-century politics. Through a detailed analysis of Kiyomori's ritual activities at Itsukushima Shinto Shrine and Fukuhara, Blair constructs a new theoretical model that underscores the importance of symbolic and ceremonial practices in court culture, shifting the paradigm away from solely military success.

Road use by the Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) on Iriomote-Jima Island in Relation to its Herpetile Prey

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2013 — WHE1528BB3D66

A critical link between the Iriomote cat's road use and its herpetile prey has been identified, offering new insights into conservation strategies for this endangered subspecies. The study found that diurnal lizard density and the presence of road-killed frogs (Fejervarya sakishimensis) were strongly correlated with the Iriomote cat's scat along roads, suggesting that prey abundance drives its movement onto paved routes in Iriomote-jima Island, Japan. This behavior not only increases traffic mortality but also alters its preferred lowland habitats. The research used nested generalized linear models to analyze scat surveys and prey density data collected between 2009–2013, examining factors such as road type, habitat, construction activity, and survey region. These findings underscore the need for targeted conservation measures that address both prey availability and road safety to protect this critically endangered wildcat.

Roads as a Threat to the Serengeti Ecosystem

Serengeti National Park — 2013 — WHEE9DD0BF261

A planned road through northern Tanzania, crossing the Serengeti National Park (SNP), poses significant threats to its ecosystem by potentially disrupting the migratory corridor of wildebeest. This concern is supported by mathematical models and scientific consensus, including an opinion letter in Nature (2010) and subsequent research (Holdo et al., 2011). However, critics argue that these warnings overlook broader conservation priorities such as economic growth, poverty reduction, and social well-being. Local scientists challenge the narrative, asserting that the road's impact may be less severe than suggested, emphasizing a need for balanced perspectives in conservation efforts.

Robert Owen, James Buchanan et l’Infant School de New Lanark

New Lanark — 2013 — WHE75BFD801F4

A pioneering model of early childhood education, the Infant School at New Lanark, is often attributed solely to its founder, Robert Owen. However, recent research challenges this narrative by examining the contributions of James Buchanan, one of Owen's former teachers and a key figure in the school's development. Through an analysis of historical documents and pedagogical texts, this study reveals that Buchanan played a more significant role than previously recognized, shaping both the structure and practices of the Infant School. While Owen's writings have dominated our understanding of this educational experiment, this research sheds light on Buchanan's influence and provides deeper insights into the school's innovative approach to early childhood care and education.

Robert Owen: a historiographic study of a pioneer of human resource development

New Lanark — 2013 — WHE14537534C1

Robert Owen, a 19th-century Welsh industrialist and reformer, is recognized as a pioneer of human resource development (HRD) through his groundbreaking ideals and workplace innovations. His experiments at New Lanark and the subsequent failure in New Harmony, Indiana, reveal how economic, political, and societal contexts shaped his approach to workforce management, education, and community development. These themes provide historical evidence linking early HRD concepts to modern practices, emphasizing the importance of humane work environments and social responsibility. The study employs historiography to bridge historical figures with contemporary HRD research, offering a foundational narrative for the discipline's identity.

Rock art of the Mediterranean basin on the Iberian Peninsula. From El Cogul to Kyoto

Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula — 2013 — WHE9FFA8B176E

Roca dels Moros in El Cogul, the first documented prehistoric rock art site in Catalonia, stands as a pivotal discovery in Iberian Peninsula's prehistoric art history. Its significance rivals that of Altamira's bison paintings and has driven international recognition for Mediterranean basin rock art. This study synthesizes over a century of research on post-Palaeolithic rock art in the region, highlighting its cultural importance and the conservation efforts by public administrations. These efforts culminated in the inclusion of these sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage list, underscoring their global heritage value.

Rodents in fire affected heather shrublands in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Bale Mountains National Park — 2013 — WHE0A42BEF1A1

Rodent populations in fire-affected heather shrublands of Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, exhibit significant variation in density and biomass depending on the time elapsed since the last fire. The study found that rodent diversity and abundance peak 2 to 3 years post-fire, with the highest biomass recorded in 3-year-old regrowth habitats, while no rodents were detected in areas burned just 6 months prior. Species such as Lophuromys flavopunctatus and Otomys typus thrived across both burned and unburned habitats, whereas Tachyoryctes macrocephalus was only observed in Erica vegetation affected by fire for 2 to 3 years. The research, conducted between July 2008 and March 2009 using Sherman live traps and snap traps, highlights the critical role of post-fire recovery dynamics in structuring rodent communities within this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Roland [X] Superheld – zur möglichen Beziehung von Kunstwissenschaft und politischer Bildung am Beispiel der Sex/Gender-Thematik

Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen — 2013 — WHEBB3BF9033E

This study proposes a novel approach to integrating art scholarship and political education by examining the Bremen Roland statue through the lens of masculinity and gender stereotypes. It highlights the potential for using superhero narratives, such as Roland's representation, to educate children about sex/gender constructs while challenging hegemonic models of masculinity. The research demonstrates that scholarly analysis can transcend traditional historical or cultural context interpretations, suggesting a more dynamic relationship between art scholarship and political education. This is symbolized by the evolving slash notation [X], representing an encounter that bridges these disciplines.

Roman Palmyra

Site of Palmyra — 2013 — WHE24799F9CD7

Palmyra, a desert oasis city-state between Rome and Parthia/Persia, uniquely transitioned from a humble village to a powerful, cosmopolitan urban center without direct Roman rule. Its prosperity stemmed from caravan trade, fostering a distinct Palmyrene identity that blended Graeco-Roman influences while operating under Roman patronage. Archaeological and epigraphic evidence reveals the city's communal development, offering insights into sedentarization processes and interactions between pastoral and sedentary societies in the Roman Near East. This study sheds light on frontier dynamics, challenging traditional notions of cultural imperialism by demonstrating Palmyra's autonomous yet interdependent relationship with Rome.

Romerriget, Vesteuropa og Skandinavien. Kulturkontakter og den danske historiebevidsthed i 1100-tallet

Roskilde Cathedral — 2013 — WHE678869CCA9

A key insight from this study is the significant influence of Western European cultural contacts, particularly with England and Northern Germany, on 12th-century Danish historiography. These interactions shaped Danish historical consciousness by blending local cognitive horizons with foreign ideas, effectively merging Anglo-Saxon, German, and later French influences. The research employs a diachronic analysis of five Danish works, combining philological examination with historical reconstruction to trace shifts in learned networks and socio-political conditions. Notably, the study highlights how authors like Ælnoth and Bishop Eskil employed exegetical hermeneutics—drawing parallels between Danish kings and biblical figures—to serve political agendas, such as legitimizing local power or challenging contemporary rulers. The Chronicon Roskildense and Chronicon Lethrense exemplify this trend, reflecting growing German influence while asserting Danish independence. Svend Aggesen’s work further illustrates the shift toward French educational networks post-1150, marking a pivotal evolution in Danish historiographical thought.

Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado

Mesa Verde National Park — 2013 — WHE96A09EC9D4

Reproductive female western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, predominantly select roosts in unburned piñon-juniper woodlands, favoring higher and deeper rock crevices closer to water sources while avoiding proximity to burned areas. This preference suggests that these bats prioritize access to drinking water and foraging opportunities over tree roosts, which are less critical due to the abundance of suitable rock crevices. The study employed an information theoretic approach to compare occupied roosts with unoccupied ones at both microhabitat and landscape scales, revealing key factors influencing roost selection. These findings underscore the importance of site-specific management for bat populations, as roosting behaviors can vary significantly even within similar ecosystems.

Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan: a hot spot for wild felids

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary — 2013 — WHE0B1CE1AA51

Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan, is confirmed as a biodiversity hotspot for wild felids, hosting 16% of the world's felid species within just 74 km². The study, conducted through camera trapping from November 2010 to February 2011, recorded six felid species, five of which are listed on the IUCN Red List, including tiger, golden cat, marbled cat, leopard cat, clouded leopard, and common leopard. This finding validates Bhutan's status as a conservation priority area within the Eastern Himalayan region, despite limited prior data supporting such assessments.

Rural Rickets: Vitamin D Deficiency in a Post‐Medieval Farming Community from the Netherlands

Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) — 2013 — WHE89A203B60E

A high prevalence of rickets, typically associated with urban environments, was identified in a 17th-century rural farming community in the Netherlands, challenging the notion that such conditions were limited to industrialized cities. The study examined 95 individuals aged from 32 weeks in utero to 15 years from the Middenbeemster cemetery, using ten diagnostic features for rickets. Nine individuals (9.5%) exhibited evidence of the condition, with the highest age-specific prevalence (30.4%) observed in two and three-year-olds. Cultural practices such as prolonged swaddling, occlusive clothing, and indoor confinement, along with dietary factors including poor weaning foods and malnutrition, are suggested to have contributed to this unexpected outbreak. The findings underscore the impact of maladaptive cultural behaviors on public health, even in populations seemingly at low risk due to abundant sunlight.

Rural Settlements in Different Stages of Development. Case of Gjirokastra Region in South of Albania

Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra — 2013 — WHEA4BEAB70DD

Rural settlements in the Gjirokastra region of southern Albania exhibit distinct typologies shaped by natural, historical, and economic factors. These settlements, characterized by 2-3 storey stone houses, reflect regional variations and traditional architectural elements that have persisted over time. The study reveals a strong correlation between settlement size and economic activity, with agriculture playing a central role in village life. Firsthand Ottoman cadastral registers provide valuable insights into the medieval Albanian village landscape, economic resources, and relationships with civic centers. The widespread use of stone materials facilitated rapid construction, contributing to the region's unique architectural heritage.

Ryukyu Trade in the Gusuku and Early Ryukyu Kingdom Periods

Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu — 2013 — WHEADFB9A66E5

Archaeological evidence from the Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu reveals a sophisticated maritime trade network centered on the Ryukyu Islands during the early kingdom period. This trade involved two primary categories of goods: locally produced items such as sulfur, mother-of-pearl, textiles, and red dye from the akagi tree (Bischoffia javanica), alongside transshipped commodities including Japanese swords, Chinese ceramics, silver, and iron tools. Ceramic artifacts, particularly serving vessels like plates, bowls, and processing tools such as suribachi, dominate the surviving trade-related materials, highlighting both domestic production and regional exchange. The study underscores Ryukyu's role as a critical maritime entrepō, facilitating the movement of goods and provisions across East Asia.

Safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage through a tri-sector model: the jewellery quarter in the Old City of Istanbul

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2013 — WHE7324178D04

A tri-sector regeneration model is proposed to safeguard Istanbul's traditional jewellery craftsmanship and its historic location, the 'jewellery quarter' near the Grand Bazaar. This approach empowers artisans through collaboration with local institutions and a non-governmental organization (e.g., Jewellery Quarter Foundation), fostering social and economic development while mitigating gentrification risks. The model integrates tenant artisans into urban governance, ensuring grassroots-led regeneration. A proposed multipurpose center would serve as a hub for artistic, cultural, educational, and spatial improvement activities, reinforcing the quarter's unique heritage.

Safety planning in remote protected areas: lessons learned from a rescue in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Gunung Mulu National Park — 2013 — WHEEFA396BEBC

A critical analysis of safety planning in remote protected areas, such as Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, reveals that effective rescue operations require meticulous preparation and adherence to established protocols. The study, led by Brian Clark—a seasoned National Park Manager with over 30 years of experience—highlights the importance of preemptive risk assessment, emergency response training, and coordination among stakeholders. Drawing from a real-life rescue scenario, it underscores gaps in current safety measures, particularly in remote or ecologically sensitive regions where adventure tourism thrives. The findings advocate for integrated safety frameworks that balance visitor experiences with environmental protection, offering actionable insights for park managers worldwide.