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Representing Auschwitz

Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) — 2013 — WHE8D5A03F868

Auschwitz-Birkenau's Scrolls offer a unique, firsthand account of life within the Nazi extermination camp, providing unprecedented insight into prisoner experiences and survival narratives. These handwritten testimonies, created clandestinely in Birkenau, challenge historical interpretations by grounding them in direct witness accounts rather than post-war reconstructions. The collection, edited by Chare and Williams, employs qualitative analysis to examine themes of memory, resistance, and identity, revealing the complex interplay between individual and collective trauma. By centering on these scrolls, the study bridges gaps in historical documentation, offering a nuanced understanding of Auschwitz's social dynamics and the psychological resilience of its inmates.

Research Note: Travel Time as a Proxy for Travel Cost in a Heritage Tourist Destination

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2013 — WHE34A522C7F5

A novel approach to estimating travel costs for heritage tourism emerges from this study, demonstrating that 'travel time' derived from geographic information systems (GIS) is a more practical and accurate proxy than traditional 'travel distance' in the travel cost method (TCM). Applied to Hahoe Heritage Village in South Korea, the research analyzed data from 552 visitor surveys using zonal TCM, revealing that shortest transport time better reflects economic behavior. This finding advances methodological rigor in heritage tourism economics, offering a more nuanced understanding of consumer surplus and resource valuation.

Research on Corrosion of Lead Printing Letters from the Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2013 — WHEEB88F77F88

Research on lead-antimony printing letters from the UNESCO-listed Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex in Antwerp reveals corrosion with exceptional volume increase, posing significant conservation challenges. The study employed a combination of analytical techniques—including microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrolytic methods—to assess corrosion patterns and identify appropriate strategies for further investigation. An adapted Oddy test was also utilized to evaluate environmental factors contributing to degradation. This work provides critical insights into the preservation of historical metal artifacts, particularly those with complex alloy compositions, and highlights the need for specialized conservation approaches.

Research on prediction of tourists' quantity in Jiuzhaigou Valley scenic based on ABR@G integration model

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2013 — WHE7EA118E42F

A novel AI integration model, ABR@G, significantly enhances the accuracy of predicting tourist quantities at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, addressing the challenges posed by complex linear and non-linear data patterns. Unlike traditional models that rely on simple linear combinations or single-model approaches, this method combines seasonal ARMA, neural network, and revised ARIMA models using a specialized AI technique (GMDH). Applied to Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area, the ABR@G model demonstrated superior predictive performance, offering a robust tool for effective scenic management and environmental protection. This approach provides a foundation for better tourist flow regulation, mitigating potential environmental impacts.

Research on tourist satisfaction of tourist destination based on PC-FUZZY method: a case study of Jiuzhaigou Valley

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2013 — WHEEBAC020FC9

A novel approach combining the PC (Principal Component) method with fuzzy logic was successfully applied to assess tourist satisfaction at Jiuzhaigou Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its scenic beauty and cultural significance. The study identified key factors influencing visitor contentment, including environmental quality, service standards, and overall experience. By leveraging the PC-FUZZY method, researchers quantified satisfaction levels more accurately than traditional models, revealing that environmental preservation and high-quality services were critical to enhancing tourist perception. This research provides a robust framework for destination management, offering actionable insights for balancing conservation efforts with visitor experience optimization.

Researching Raptors among the Ruins

Tikal National Park — 2013 — WHEE7770C1F8C

A groundbreaking 9-year study at Tikal National Park, Guatemala, documented the ecology and spatial needs of 20 species of Neotropical raptors, including two owls, revealing unprecedented insights into their morphology, diet, hunting behavior, habitat use, breeding patterns, vocalizations, population density, and conservation status. The research, conducted by The Peregrine Fund's Maya Project, employed innovative field techniques such as observation points atop ruins and emergent trees, taped call broadcasts, nest traps, and radio tracking to overcome the challenges posed by the dense, humid rainforest environment. Notably, the project located 70 nests of the barred forest falcon (Micrastur), a species whose nests and eggs had never been previously described, despite its commonality in Tikal's forests. The study also highlighted the unique prey specialization and hunting adaptations of Neotropical raptors, contrasting them with temperate-climate counterparts. With tropical deforestation rates exceeding 3% annually in Guatemala, this comprehensive data set is invaluable for conservation efforts, ensuring the preservation of these elusive birds of prey.

Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2013 — WHEFBA5363AFB

A decade-long research programme led by Mike Parker Pearson at UCL has significantly advanced the understanding of Stonehenge, one of Britain's most enigmatic prehistoric stone circles. The study integrates archaeological investigations with landscape analysis, revealing new insights into the monument's construction phases and its broader cultural significance. Key findings challenge long-standing theories about Stonehenge's purpose and usage, suggesting it was a complex ceremonial site with multifaceted functions beyond mere astronomical alignment. The research employs a combination of excavation, geophysical surveys, and comparative analyses to reconstruct Stonehenge's evolution from its earliest stages to its final form.

Response of soil physical-chemical properties to rocky desertification succession in South China Karst

South China Karst — 2013 — WHE3844B936ED

Soil physical-chemical properties in South China Karst exhibit a non-linear response to rocky desertification succession, initially deteriorating before improving with increased severity. Key indicators such as organic matter content, nitrogen levels, capillary moisture capacity, bulk density, and porosity show significant correlations and serve as critical factors in evaluating desertification degrees. The study proposes that bare rocks in extreme desertification environments act as nutrient sinks, challenging the assumption of continuous soil degradation. Researchers analyzed 45 sample plots across three karst landforms using chemical determination and mathematical statistics to uncover these patterns. Findings provide theoretical support for karst forest ecosystem protection and rocky desertification control.

Restoration from Notre-Dame de Paris to Gaston Paris

Chartres Cathedral — 2013 — WHE06894A57DE

This study highlights the significant influence of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc as both an architect and architectural theorist, particularly through his extensive restoration projects across France. His most notable contributions include the restoration of Chartres Cathedral, among others, which set new standards for historical preservation. The paper also explores Viollet-le-Duc's defining definition of 'Restoration' in the Dictionnaire raisonné, emphasizing its modern context and impact on architectural thought. Additionally, it connects his work to that of Gaston Paris, a pioneer in historical linguistics, through their collaborative projects, such as Notre-Dame de Paris. The research approach involves analyzing Viollet-le-Duc's writings and restorative practices, providing insight into the evolution of restoration as both a practice and a concept.

Restoration of the cathedral of Brasilia: challenges and conflicts of restoration of modern architecture

Brasilia — 2013 — WHEE8D8755AA7

The conservation of modern architecture, exemplified by the Cathedral of Brasília, presents unique challenges due to its innovative use of materials, technologies, and infrastructure systems. Unlike traditional structures, modernist designs like Brasília's cathedral lack established conservation frameworks, necessitating novel approaches to preservation. This study highlights the complexities involved in restoring such landmarks, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies that balance authenticity with contemporary conservation practices.

Results of survey on rodents in Phong Nha - Ke Bang national park area, Quang Binh province

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2013 — WHE0F8FC6CB59

A comprehensive survey of rodents in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam, identified 32 species, including the first record of the Loatian Rock Rat (Laonastes aenigmamus) in the country. The study, conducted between 2007 and 2011 across four areas, used live traps over 4,500 trap-nights to document rodent diversity, updating the previous list from 29 to 35 species. Notably, strict-forest species showed nearly twice the trap success rate of non-strict-forest species, reflecting the park's relatively intact primary forest. The survey also highlighted six priority conservation species, some listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book and the IUCN Red List, while noting threats from illegal hunting and forest degradation.

Resurrection of New Caledonian maskray Neotrygon trigonoides (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) from synonymy with N. kuhlii, based on cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequences and spotting patterns

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2013 — WHEE73DDE3649

A new study challenges the long-standing classification of the New Caledonian maskray, revealing it as a distinct species separate from the widely distributed blue-spotted maskray. Using cytochrome-oxidase I (COI) gene sequences and spotting pattern analysis, researchers identified a significant genetic divergence (2.6%) between the New Caledonian maskray and typical N. kuhlii samples from the Indian Ocean and Coral Triangle. The study's findings, based on specimens collected across multiple regions, demonstrate that the New Caledonian maskray forms a phylogenetically distinct haplogroup, justifying its resurrection as Neotrygon trigonoides. This research sheds light on the cryptic biodiversity within UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Lagoons of New Caledonia and underscores the importance of genetic analysis in species delimitation.

Rethinking Brazil’s Pantanal Wetland

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2013 — WHE00A3A62D0E

A critical disconnect between official assessments and public perception hinders conservation efforts in Brazil's Pantanal, particularly in the Cuiabá River Basin. The study reveals that environmental degradation is often attributed to an indistinct 'vague other,' obscuring responsibility and complicating regulatory interventions. This misattribution of blame stems from politicized interpersonal dynamics and broader socioeconomic pressures, rather than clear accountability. The research underscores the need for a nuanced approach that addresses these complex interactions, moving beyond simplistic development-conservation debates to foster effective environmental governance.

Revalidation of the genera Bia and Zuckertia (Euphorbiaceae) with B. capivarensis sp. nov. from Serra da Capivara, Brazil

Serra da Capivara National Park — 2013 — WHE990F5CFF5C

Researchers revalidate the genera Bia and Zuckertia, previously considered sections of Tragia, based on morphological and molecular analyses. The study proposes a new circumscription for Bia and describes B. capivarensis sp. nov., a newly discovered species from Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. This discovery contributes to the taxonomic understanding of Euphorbiaceae and highlights the biodiversity significance of the region. The research also provides a key to distinguish between Zuckertia and Bia, along with detailed morphological data for the new species.

Revenue distribution pattern and park-people conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2013 — WHE39594BB66C

A significant portion of revenue from Chitwan National Park's Buffer Zone is disproportionately allocated to infrastructure development, such as roads and schools (42%), while critical conflict reduction measures receive less attention. Only 35% of the budget supports conservation and conflict management, with minimal funds directed toward wildlife damage compensation or alternative energy solutions. This imbalance may exacerbate park-people conflicts. The study surveyed 100 user groups from 14 committees to analyze revenue disbursement trends, revealing inefficiencies in addressing root causes of conflict. Simplifying relief fund processes and prioritizing wildlife victim provisions could mitigate these issues.

Review of Ancient Wisdom of Qanat, and Suggestions for Future Water Management

The Persian Qanat — 2013 — WHEACB23035BE

A review of the ancient Persian Qanat system demonstrates its potential as a sustainable solution for water scarcity in arid regions, despite its decline in modern usage. The study explores why these 3,000-year-old underground tunnels, once vital for agriculture and domestic water supply, are no longer widely employed today. It also proposes innovative methods using new materials and technology to revitalize the Qanat system, including a multi-purpose model that integrates rainwater infiltration management. This approach could address urban water challenges in both dry and wet cities, offering a blend of ancient wisdom and modern innovation for sustainable water management.

Revision of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the Melinau Limestone in Gunung Mulu National Park and Gunung Buda National Park, Sarawak, Borneo, including thirteen new species

Gunung Mulu National Park — 2013 — WHE8CD505D032

A comprehensive taxonomic revision of Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from the Melinau limestone in Gunung Mulu National Park and Gunung Buda National Park, Sarawak, Borneo, reveals 13 new species, including Begonia apiensis, B. benaratensis, B. conniegeriae, B. divergens, B. lucychongiana, B. magentifolia, B. melinauensis, B. ramosissima, B. rhodoneura, B. umbratica, B. vulgare, B. yiii, and B. xiphophylloides. Additionally, a putative natural hybrid between B. conipila and B. lucychongiana is described. All species are endemic to the Melinau limestone, with 10 restricted to limestone habitats, highlighting the region's unique biodiversity. The study also documents the vegetation types and habitats of each species, noting that B. apiensis is Rare due to its extreme localization and threat from tourist activities, while others are Least Concern under IUCN criteria.

Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2013 — WHECA2DA5EC89

Research on the Marquesas Islands reveals that Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) comprises 11 species, with six included in molecular phylogenetic studies suggesting a single introduction origin. This makes Cyrtandra potentially the largest lineage of vascular plants in the region, surpassing Psychotria's 13 species, which are thought to consist of three separate lineages. The study describes three new species—C. uapouensis, C. uahukaensis, and C. kenwoodii—and provides amended descriptions for eight previously known species, along with a key to identify them. This revision enhances the understanding of Marquesan flora's diversity and evolutionary history.

Revisiting Cultivated Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Daily Life in the Guaraní Missions

Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) — 2013 — WHE2B42A1949D

A critical reassessment of Jesuit mission records and economic data reveals that the Guaraní missions, despite efforts to Europeanize their inhabitants through agriculture and animal husbandry, failed to fully implement the rigid work schedules associated with these practices. This challenges the traditional narrative that the Jesuits successfully transitioned the Guaranís from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled, domesticated economies.

Revolution and Politics in Venezuela and Curaçao, 1795-1800

Coro and its Port — 2013 — WHE1A419FAB27

A dense, mutually beneficial trade relationship between Venezuela and Curaçao flourished during the late 18th century, particularly from 1795 to 1800. This symbiotic economic bond, facilitated by Curaçao's status as a free port since 1674, was so significant that it sometimes surpassed Venezuela's ties with Spain in importance. The study reveals that Venezuelan products, especially from Coro, were staple exports via Curaçaoan traders who dominated Caribbean trade routes. Additionally, the research highlights the human dimension of this relationship, noting that enslaved individuals fleeing Curaçao frequently found refuge in Coro, suggesting a complex interplay of commerce and social dynamics during this period.