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Reconstruction of Virupaksha Bazaar Street of Hampi

Group of Monuments at Hampi — 2013 — WHE0EF70D76CD

A digital reconstruction of the Virupaksha Bazaar Street, a UNESCO World Heritage Site from the Vijayanagara period (1327–1674 AD), reveals the densely packed urban fabric of Hampi's bustling marketplace. The 800-meter-long street, lined with over 50 structures spaced as closely as 0.5 meters apart, was reconstructed using 2D drawings, 3D models, and immersive panoramic views to capture its historical architectural context amid constant changes due to occupation, alteration, and abandonment. This approach provides a narrative walkthrough of the street, offering unprecedented insight into its layered history and spatial complexity.

Recovery of Sponges After Extreme Mortality Events: Morphological and Taxonomic Patterns in Regeneration Versus Recruitment

Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System — 2013 — WHE86D6B89832

Extreme mortality events on the Belize Barrier Reef caused significant and differential impacts on sponge species, with some groups showing efficient regeneration while others relied on recruitment or failed to recover. The study, spanning 6 years with 8 censuses, revealed that sponge recovery varied by higher taxa and growth forms, with orders like Aplysinida and Poecilosclerida suffering severe losses during the 2008 event, while Hadromerida and Dictyoceratida were disproportionately affected in 2011. Recovery was rapid initially due to partial mortality of massive sponges but was hindered by the loss of entire individuals in some groups. These findings underscore the importance of species-level identification in monitoring efforts and highlight the need for further research into sponge systematics and resilience.

Recreating the Sound of Stonehenge

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2013 — WHED05EC8355A

Researchers have successfully reconstructed the original acoustic environment of Stonehenge, revealing its unique sound reflections and reverberations. Using measurements from a full-scale replica in Maryhill, USA, they employed hybrid ambisonic and wave field synthesis (WFS) technology to simulate the space's complex auditory experience. This approach combined anechoic recordings with B-Format impulse responses, allowing for precise rendering of both focused sound sources and reverberant fields. Comparisons with modern Stonehenge measurements highlight the site's historical acoustic properties, offering new insights into how Neolithic people would have perceived its soundscapes.

Recuperação da cobertura vegetal do Quilombo do Cabral em Paraty, RJ – bases de um projeto socio-ambiental de extensão

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2013 — WHE877A746B69

A collaborative project successfully restored approximately 35 to 40% of the degraded area within Quilombo do Cabral, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Paraty, RJ, Brazil. The initiative, spanning three years, employed carbon offset funding to plant around 8,000 trees along highway verges and implemented fire reduction techniques, soil preservation strategies, and agro-forestry systems (SAF). These efforts aimed to reconnect forest fragments while engaging the local community in socio-environmental conservation. The project, coordinated by an interagency group including LEPAC/UNICAMP, EMBRAPA, UFRRJ, ICMBio, SEDUMA, and Carbono Florestal, identified priority areas for biological corridors and SAF through prior consultations and field surveys. This study highlights the potential of integrated approaches in restoring degraded landscapes while addressing both ecological and social dimensions.

Red Deer River shakedown: a history of the Captain Marshall field paleontological expedition to Alberta, 1922, and its aftermath

Dinosaur Provincial Park — 2013 — WHEF4FCFAC0BE

A 1922 paleontological expedition to Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, yielded significant fossil discoveries that challenged long-held myths about its purpose and success. Led by Elmer S. Riggs, the team recovered notable specimens including a lambeosaurine hadrosaur (later displayed alongside Gorgosaurus) and a juvenile Gorgosaurus nicknamed 'Elmer.' Contrary to popular belief, the expedition was a valuable preparatory mission for a subsequent, more extensive South American fossil-hunting campaign, rather than an abandoned effort. The study relied on historical records and field notes to debunk misconceptions about Riggs' motivations and the expedition's outcomes.

Redes, ritmos y mosaicos rurales : Modelo interpretativo del territorio rural cafetero de los municipios del Área Metropolitana Centro Occidente - AMCO, Colombia

Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia — 2013 — WHE40588012BB

Research identifies a replicable interpretative model for the rural territory of the AMCO region, part of Colombia's Coffee Cultural Landscape, revealing formal patterns that define its identity. The study demonstrates how natural and anthropogenic elements, such as support structures, mosaics, compact cores, linear arrays, and dispersion objects, interact to create recognizable spatial logics. These patterns are influenced by geographic conditions and strategic positioning within road networks, offering a framework for planning and regulating rural development. The model was validated in another area of the Coffee Region, suggesting its applicability to similar landscapes.

Reducing effort while improving inference: Estimating Dall's sheep abundance and composition in small areas

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2013 — WHEEBDEC20AAB

A Bayesian analytical approach significantly reduces the sample size requirements for estimating Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) abundance while improving precision, making it feasible to conduct distance sampling surveys in small or low-density areas. The study estimated populations of 2,252, 2,809, 1,669, and 12,428 sheep across Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA), Western Arctic National Parklands (WEAR), Itkillik preserve subarea, and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), respectively, using only 57 to 100 group detections—50–75% fewer than previously recommended. This was achieved by borrowing detection information across surveys and incorporating informed priors, demonstrating the method's efficiency in small-area conservation assessments.

Reestablishment of former wintering grounds by New Zealand southern right whales

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2013 — WHE6A8B2D8B57

Southern right whales (SRWs) have reestablished their historical wintering grounds around mainland New Zealand, with regular sightings since 1988. This resurgence, likely from a remnant population persisting in the subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands, shows promise for recovery after near-extinction due to whaling. Between 2003 and 2010, 125 sightings were recorded, including 28 cow-calf pairs—a significant increase compared to earlier decades. Two females were documented returning to the mainland with calves every four years, indicating site fidelity. Photographic identification and DNA profiling further revealed within-year movements and connectivity between mainland and subantarctic grounds. While the majority of SRWs remain concentrated in the subantarctic, this study highlights a positive trend in their range expansion.

Reexamining the Statue of Liberty: Different Perspectives on History and the Promise of America

Statue of Liberty — 2013 — WHE19B93FD390

A re-examination of the Statue of Liberty challenges the long-held perception that it symbolized universal freedom and opportunity for all Americans during its 19th-century inception. While the statue has been revered as a beacon of hope for immigrants fleeing hardship, historical analysis reveals that the promise of liberty and happiness was not universally realized, reflecting ongoing struggles for equality. This study derives from a fourth-grade social studies lesson designed to critically engage students with this narrative, prompting them to question the accessibility of American ideals in the late 1800s. The approach combines historical inquiry with educational pedagogy to foster nuanced understanding, illustrating how symbolic representations can both inspire and obscure complex societal realities.

Reflections on the Metamorphosis at Robben Island

Robben Island — 2013 — WHED6B6C29A87

Robben Island, once synonymous with oppressive apartheid-era imprisonment, underwent a profound metamorphosis that contributed significantly to the dismantling of apartheid and South Africa's transition to democracy. This transformation was driven by the resilience, hope, efficacy, and optimism exhibited by political prisoners like Nelson Mandela, who disrupted the traditional prison paradigm from within. The study employs institutional work theory at a macro level and positive psychological capital concepts—hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism—at a micro level to analyze this process. Drawing on firsthand accounts from former prisoners and guards, the research reveals how these factors collectively fostered an environment of learning and change that ultimately led to freedom and societal transformation. The findings underscore Robben Island's role in one of modern history's most significant societal shifts, offering valuable insights for organizational scholars and practitioners.

Regenerating what? The politics and geographies of actually existing regeneration

Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt — 2013 — WHEE197F60DEC

Urban regeneration through international building exhibitions (IBA) has demonstrated significant potential for innovation and sustainability, as shown by the German model dating back to the early 20th century. The IBA Emscher Park project (1989–99), which revitalized the Ruhr Valley's former industrial heartland, stands out for its diverse, innovative approach that blended architectural design with ecological principles and regional resilience strategies. This study highlights how the IBA model effectively coordinated regeneration across municipalities through political governance structures, guided incrementalism, and sustainability integration. Its legacies and transferable lessons offer valuable insights for contemporary urban renewal efforts worldwide.

Regeneration of the Urban Coastal area of Scheveningen: Pearl by the Sea

The Great Spa Towns of Europe — 2013 — WHEF6EB466917

Scheveningen, once a prestigious European beach resort and part of the Great Spa Towns of Europe, faced significant urban decay by the late 20th century. Despite ambitious regeneration plans aiming to transform it into The Hague's Second International Center with grand architecture and integrated coastal development, financial constraints post-2008 halted these efforts. While tourism remained a key economic driver, local resistance and administrative challenges led to an uneven transformation, preserving the old fishing village but altering the harbor and beach dynamics. This case study highlights the tension between grandiose urban planning aspirations and practical limitations, revealing how local stakeholders' stubbornness and global financial crises can derail even well-intentioned regeneration projects.

Regional Assessment of Glacier Motion in Kluane National Park, Yukon Territory

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2013 — WHE1EDDAF0834

A significant velocity gradient exists across the St. Elias Mountains, with glaciers on the Pacific-facing slope moving up to ten times faster than those of similar size on the landward side, likely due to higher accumulation rates. The study, using speckle tracking of Radarsat-2 imagery from 2011–2012 and feature tracking of Landsat-5 images, identified multiple surge events and interannual variability in glacier motion, while also detecting a long-term decline in velocity on Kaskawulsh Glacier, consistent with surface elevation changes observed over decades. This research provides critical insights into the dynamics of glaciers in Kluane National Park, Yukon Territory.

Regional distribution of Heavy-mineral concentrations along the Curonian Spit coast of Lithuania

Curonian Spit — 2013 — WHE2C1ED9D639

Coastal sands along the Curonian Spit, a 98-km-long barrier island in the southeastern Baltic Sea, exhibit cyclic patterns of heavy-mineral concentrations (HMCs) with a wavelength of approximately 10 km. These variations, linked to wave runup during major storms and secondary aeolian reworking, serve as indicators of long-term hydrodynamic energy distribution along drift-aligned sandy coasts. The study found that higher HMC values correlate with dominant coastal erosion (e.g., Pervalka-Nida), while lower values correspond to regions of sand accumulation (e.g., Kopgalis-Pervalka). Researchers analyzed 303 surface sand samples using a Bartington MS3 field scanning sensor to measure low-field volume magnetic susceptibility (MS), distinguishing between background quartz-rich sands (κ < 50 μSI) and HMC-enriched surfaces (κ > 150 μSI). The findings highlight the potential of surficial HMCs in characterizing regional sedimentological and hydrometeorological conditions.

Regional estimation of catchment-scale soil properties by means of streamflow recession analysis for use in distributed hydrological models

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2013 — WHE474835FCA0

A new indicator, the Drainable Storage Capacity Index (DSCI), reveals significant underestimation of soil storage capacities in existing databases for the Cévennes-Vivarais region. By comparing cumulative streamflow and precipitation, DSCI effectively identifies gaps in documented deep-weathered rock horizons—critical for water transfer and storage. The study also applies streamflow recession analysis to estimate water storage capacities and hydraulic conductivities, uncovering distinct hierarchies among geologies: hard crystalline rocks exhibit the thickest but least conductive deep soil layers, while sedimentary rocks and alluvium are thinner yet more conductive. These findings provide essential data for developing distributed hydrological models in the region, addressing a critical need for accurate soil property assessments beyond conventional agronomic databases.

Regional perspectives on Wari state influence in Cusco, Peru (c. AD 600–1000)

City of Cuzco — 2013 — WHECF10701437

Archaeological research in the Cusco region of Peru reveals that the Wari state's influence (c. AD 600–1000) was limited and discontinuous, challenging assumptions about its extensive control. Using systematic surveys and GIS analysis, the study mapped settlement patterns and ceramic distributions within 70 km of Pikillacta, a key administrative center. Findings indicate that while Wari cultural, economic, and political influence was present, it was not uniform across the region, mirroring colonization practices of other early states.

Regional-scale analysis of high-mountain multi-hazard and risk indicators in the Pamir (Tajikistan) with GRASS GIS

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2013 — WHE5B565C6029

A comprehensive regional-scale analysis of high-mountain hazards and risks in the Pamir (Tajikistan) reveals critical multi-hazard indicators, including rock slides, ice avalanches, periglacial debris flows, and lake outburst floods. The study, conducted using GRASS GIS software, maps these hazards by combining susceptibility, event magnitude, travel distances, and impact areas, then overlays them with land-use exposure data to produce risk indicators at the community level. This approach provides an objective basis for prioritizing communities for further research and risk mitigation measures, offering valuable insights for managing multi-hazard risks in high-mountain regions like Tajik National Park.

Remarques sur la topographie rurale et urbaine du pagus et de la ciuitas de Thugga (Dougga, Tunisie)

Dougga / Thugga — 2013 — WHE42118FEA41

A study of the Roman-era territory and urban landscape of Thugga (Dougga, Tunisia) reveals that while the boundaries of its pagus remained stable due to immunity from 205 AD until municipalization, distinguishing between rural (pagus) and urban (civitas) domains within the broader territory remains elusive. However, inscriptions clarify public domain allocations in the urban area, showing a reciprocal exchange under Emperor Commode that led to rapid community fusion. The research also attempts to differentiate urban necropolises attributed to each entity. Using epigraphic evidence, the study reconstructs administrative and spatial dynamics, offering insights into Thugga's unique territorial organization within Carthage's pertica.

Remote sensing on spatial changes of lake area in Badain Jaran Desert hinterland during 1973 2010

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2013 — WHE719F55367E

Between 1973 and 2010, the Badain Jaran Desert experienced complex changes in its lake system, with no clear spatial correlation in area fluctuations. While 19 lakes dried up and 43 shrunk, six expanded and seven new lakes emerged—most notably in the eastern region. This pattern suggests diverse water supply sources or delivery mechanisms across the desert's lakes. Researchers analyzed remote sensing imagery from four time points (1973, 1990, 2000, 2010) to quantify these changes, revealing that spatial variability in lake dynamics is likely driven by regional differences in hydrological processes.

Renovaties in de oude stadskern van Sana'a, Yemen

Old City of Sana'a — 2013 — WHEEBE23308A9

Archaeological excavations reveal that Yemen's houses from over 2000 years ago resembled modern Sana'a dwellings, with multi-floor palaces and high-rise structures discovered at Shabwa. Sana'a, one of Arabia's oldest towns, has a rich history tied to trade, incense production, and significant pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. However, limited archaeological research within its walls hinders a deeper understanding of its development. The study highlights the town's historical significance, from its role as a trade center to its decline under Turkish rule and subsequent modernization, which poses threats to its UNESCO World Heritage status. It raises critical questions about preserving Sana'a's unique character amid rapid urban growth.