World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 28021 – 28040 of 30315 publications

Stonehenge remodelled

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2012 — WHE5BC5A239F7

A new chronology for Stonehenge's construction and burial sequence, anchored by Bayesian radiocarbon dating, reveals five distinct prehistoric stages. This study integrates excavation data with advanced modeling to propose a more precise timeline, linking the monument's evolution to neighboring sites in its vicinity. While absolute certainty remains elusive due to the site's complexity, this comprehensive approach significantly advances our understanding of Stonehenge's development, providing a robust foundation for future public engagement and research.

Strategies and Challenges of Tourist Facilities Management in the World Heritage Site: Case of the Maritime Greenwich, London

Maritime Greenwich — 2012 — WHECC6051C7EC

A significant gap exists between tourists' expectations and their satisfaction with facilities at the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site (MGWHS), highlighting critical areas for improvement without compromising its architectural and natural aesthetics. Key issues include sanitation, resting places, catering, accessibility for disabled individuals or parents with infants, and multilingual directional signage. The study employed a qualitative research method, specifically an explanatory case study, relying on primary data collected through semistructured interviews to identify these deficiencies and propose solutions. This research underscores the importance of balancing tourist facility management with the preservation of UNESCO World Heritage Site integrity.

Stress Interactions within the Strong Earthquake Sequence from 2001 to 2010 in the Bayankala Block of Eastern Tibet

Qinghai Hoh Xil — 2012 — WHE4AA2A0071B

A study of four major earthquakes (M s >7.0) occurring between 2001 and 2010 around the Bayankala block in eastern Tibet reveals that their occurrences were not due to triggering effects from preceding quakes. Instead, the earthquakes likely resulted from the southeastward movement of the Bayankala block, driven by the compression and penetration of the Indian–Australian Plate into the Eurasian Plate. The research integrated coseismic effects, viscoelastic relaxations, and stress interaction models (ETAS and stochastic declustering) to analyze Coulomb failure stress variations. Findings indicate weak stress interactions among the earthquakes, suggesting that their clustering was not caused by seismic triggering but rather by tectonic dynamics in the region.

Structural Parameters of Woody Elements in Wildlife Sanctuary, Sainj under GHNP, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh

Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area — 2012 — WHE3B9838C35C

A comprehensive survey of the Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) Conservation Area, including the Sainj Wildlife Sanctuary, reveals a rich plant biodiversity with 832 species across 128 families. The study highlights that tree diversity and dominance peak between 3000-3500 meters elevation, while species richness is highest at lower elevations (1500-2000 m). Key tree species such as Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana, and Abies pindrow dominate higher altitudes, whereas Prunus cerasoides and Morus alba are sparsely distributed. The research also shows a decline in total species with increasing elevation, with higher diversity indices observed at lower elevations. This study provides critical insights into the altitudinal distribution and structural parameters of woody elements in this ecologically significant region.

Structure et assemblage des communautés végétales de parcours des Grands Causses : approche fonctionnelle, phénologique et phylogénétique

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2012 — WHE7E5DA7F159

A study of the vegetation communities on the Grands Causses, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'The Causses and the Cévennes,' reveals complex patterns of species assembly driven by edaphic constraints. The research demonstrates that in less constrained, more productive environments, plant strategies converge to efficiently use resources, likely due to strong aerial competition, while reproductive strategies diverge. Conversely, intermediate constraints foster maximum functional diversity through coexisting resource management strategies. Phylogenetic convergence is prominent under less stressful conditions, dominated by graminoids, but diminishes in drier areas where diverse evolutionary lineages adapted to drought thrive. The study also highlights the role of phenology in community assembly, influenced by both abiotic seasonal pressures—such as early soil drought—and biotic interactions limiting flowering overlap in productive habitats. By integrating functional, phenological, and phylogenetic approaches, this work provides an integrative framework for understanding the intricate processes shaping these vegetation communities.

Structure, age substantiation and tectonic setting of the Lower-Middle Ordovician volcanic-sedimentary and plutonic complexes of the western part of the Kyrgyz Range (Northern Tien Shan)

Western Tien-Shan — 2012 — WHEF77B509890

A new geological framework for the Lower-Middle Ordovician volcanic-sedimentary and plutonic complexes in the western Kyrgyz Range (Northern Tien Shan) reveals their formation within a suprasubduction island arc setting with a thick, heterogeneous basement. The Kentash Formation, dated between Late Tremadocian and Early Darriwilian stages using conodonts and U-Pb zircon dating, consists of dacitic to basaltic volcanic rocks, tuffs, sandstones, and limestone interlayers. Associated ultramafic-gabbro massifs (Kokkiya Complex) are dated to the Late Darriwilian stage. Chemical compositions indicate a suprasubduction environment, while olistostrome deposits suggest thrusting of Cambrian complexes over older strata. The Taldybulak and Kyzylkainar Formations accumulated in back-arc basins and on island arc slopes, providing insights into the tectonic evolution of the region.

Structure, composition, and depositional environments of the lower cretaceous rocks of the Zhuravlevka terrane, Central Sikhote Alin

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2012 — WHEF44DE35EA2

Research reveals that the lower Cretaceous rocks of the Zhuravlevka terrane, Central Sikhote Alin, were deposited in a virtually nonvolcanic basin along a transform plate boundary. These terrigenous sediments, dating from Berriasian to Albian, originated primarily from eroded granitic-metamorphic rocks and possibly ancient arc roots, indicating a mature continental crust source. The study identifies distinct depositional environments, including shelf, underwater slope, foothill, and adjacent basin plains of an oceanward-open marginal sea. This insight challenges traditional models of sedimentary basin formation in transform settings, offering new perspectives on the geological evolution of the region.

Struggling with Authority: Durand of Saint-Pourçain on the Origin of Power and on Obedience to the Pope

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge — 2012 — WHE7E35862F2D

A significant portion of later medieval Scholastic literature, including works by renowned thinkers such as Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, emerged from the studia or study-houses of religious orders rather than universities. These institutions, more numerous and widely distributed across Europe, were central to the education and intellectual output of mendicant order members. Additionally, the Papal Court—particularly the Sacred Palace in Avignon—and royal courts served as crucial loci for Scholastic learning and discourse. This volume highlights the diverse institutional contexts shaping medieval Scholasticism, drawing on contributions from experts who explore the study and teaching practices of various religious orders (Dominicans, Franciscans, etc.) alongside intellectual activity at papal and royal courts.

Study on 3D Laser Scanning Measurement and Visual Expression Application in Suzhou Classical Gardens

Classical Gardens of Suzhou — 2012 — WHE86A86065EF

3D laser scanning technology emerges as a powerful tool for the accurate measurement and visual expression of Suzhou's classical gardens, offering significant potential for preserving their rich cultural heritage. This study demonstrates that such technology can capture detailed cloud data and process it into precise digital representations using AutoCAD software. By achieving high-fidelity 3D visualizations, researchers have shown that this method not only facilitates the documentation of garden architecture but also contributes to the long-term protection of these intangible cultural assets. The findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced digital techniques in heritage conservation efforts.

Study on a Policy for Forest Fire during Joseon Dynasty(during 1392~1910)

Jongmyo Shrine — 2012 — WHE99CC157DFA

A comprehensive analysis of Joseon Dynasty records (1392–1910) reveals that forest fire policies were systematically implemented to address both prevention and livelihood stabilization. The study, based on 12 key historical texts—including the Annals of Joseon and royal secretariat logs—categorized these policies into two primary objectives: wildfire prevention and post-fire relief for affected communities. Notably, strategies extended beyond general forest management to include restrictions in sacred sites like Jongmyo Shrine, hunting grounds, and military defense structures such as beacon towers. These findings underscore the dynasty's proactive approach to mitigating fire risks while ensuring social stability amid frequent wildfires.

Study on the Pyrolysis Kinetics Characteristics of the Wood from the Ancient Buildings

Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa — 2012 — WHE756BDA9401

Research reveals that the pyrolysis behavior of wood from the Potala Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Lhasa, China, varies significantly among three species: Pinus koraiensis, hemlock, and spruce. The study found that Pinus koraiensis lignin has the highest degradation activation energy (218 kJ/mol), making it the most resistant to thermal breakdown, followed by spruce (188 kJ/mol) and hemlock (146 kJ/mol). This ranking suggests a clear hierarchy in thermal stability among these woods, with Pinus koraiensis being the hardest to degrade. The findings were derived using thermogravimetric analysis combined with the Kissinger method, offering insights into the preservation challenges of ancient wooden structures under thermal stress.

Study on the Thermal Properties of the Wood from the Ancient Buildings

Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa — 2012 — WHEB041EECCA7

Thermal degradation of wood from the Potala Palace occurs differently under air and nitrogen atmospheres. In air, three distinct stages were observed: moisture loss, degradation of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin, followed by oxidation of charred residues. However, in nitrogen, only two stages appeared due to the absence of oxygen, preventing further oxidation. This study used thermogravimetric analysis to reveal these differences, providing insights into the thermal stability and preservation challenges of ancient wooden structures.

Study on the Visual Performance of a Traditional Residential Neighborhood in Old Cairo

Historic Cairo — 2012 — WHE8A05626D40

Traditional residential neighborhoods in Old Cairo exhibit remarkable visual comfort, shaped by courtyard arrangements and perforated fenestration systems that adapt to the region's arid climate while preserving aesthetic appeal. A study using Radiance IES simulation modeling and a scaled model under an artificial sky dome revealed that these architectural features contribute significantly to the unique sense of identity and pedestrian experience in historic alleyways and courtyards. Comparative analysis between simulated and measured daylight values demonstrated strong agreement, validating the findings. This research underscores the importance of urban context in appreciating the visual performance of traditional dwellings, offering insights into their enduring appeal and cultural significance.

Studying World Heritage Visitors: The Case of the Remote Riversleigh Fossil Site

Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) — 2012 — WHE6D63C87E2B

Visitors to the remote Riversleigh World Heritage Site, part of Australia's Fossil Mammal Sites, exhibit distinct characteristics compared to those of iconic and more accessible World Heritage Areas, despite sharing similar motivations. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding by focusing on low-visitation sites, developing a tailored self-administered questionnaire, and analyzing visitor demographics, motivations, and experiences. The research highlights the unique dynamics of remote heritage tourism, informing the state government's interpretive plan for Riversleigh while providing a scalable methodology for other World Heritage Sites.

Su Nuraxi di Barumini: materiali ceramici dalla capanna 144

Su Nuraxi di Barumini — 2012 — WHECD99121AE4

A detailed analysis of ceramics from Room 144 at the UNESCO-listed Su Nuraxi di Barumini site suggests that this nuragic structure, dated to the Late Bronze Age II, primarily functioned as a kitchen. The study, based on excavation data from Lilliu (1951-1956), identified a high proportion of pottery linked to fire control and food preparation, supporting the hypothesis that Room 144 served this specialized purpose alongside other functions. Comparative analysis with published nuragic materials refined its chronological placement, contributing new insights into the functional organization of nuragic villages during this period.

Submerged banks in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, greatly increase available coral reef habitat

Great Barrier Reef — 2012 — WHE1A1BC677E6

A significant portion of the Great Barrier Reef's seabed, previously underestimated as potential coral habitat, consists of submerged banks that could serve as critical deep reef environments. Research reveals that only 39% (16,110 km²) of these banks support near-sea-surface coral reefs, while the remaining 61% (25,600 km²), submerged at an average depth of 27 meters, may offer suitable conditions for deep coral communities. Predictive modeling suggests that over half of this submerged area—approximately 14,000 km²—could support diverse coral ecosystems. This discovery underscores the importance of deeper reef habitats in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function amid threats like anthropogenic ocean warming.

Subsistence Whaling and the Norse Diaspora: Norsemen, Basques, and Whale Use in the Western North Atlantic, CA. AD 900–1640

Red Bay Basque Whaling Station — 2012 — WHE33CCE3825C

Between the 16th and early 17th centuries, Basque whalers established a network of whaling stations along the Strait of Belle Isle, with Red Bay as their primary hub. They harvested an estimated 20,000 to 40,000 whales, primarily right and bowhead species, capitalizing on the abundant marine resources brought by the cold Labrador Current. This subsistence whaling venture marked one of North America's earliest large-scale entrepreneurial efforts, blending Norse diaspora influences with Basque maritime traditions. The study reconstructs this historical whaling practice through archaeological evidence and documentary records, revealing its economic significance and ecological impact during a pivotal period in Atlantic history.

Sul Terremoto Profondo delle Isole Eolie del 23 Novembre 1954

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2012 — WHE5751B05CCD

Research confirms that the Aeolian Islands, part of the lower Tyrrhenian region, are situated above deep seismic centers ranging from 200 to 300 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. These centers align with the active volcanic arc comprising Etna, Stromboli, and Vesuvius, mirroring characteristics found in certain Pacific Ring of Fire regions. The study leverages microsismic data to reveal this structural alignment, suggesting that the Aeolian Islands' geological setting—marked by active or recently extinct volcanism, significant marine depths, and positive isostatic anomalies—contributes to its seismic activity patterns, akin to those observed in subduction zones.

Sulfur isotopic compositions of fumarolic and plume gases at Mount Etna (Italy) and inferences on their magmatic source

Mount Etna — 2012 — WHED38208D523

New research reveals that sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34S) of magmatic gases at Mount Etna are systematically lower than those dissolved in melt, suggesting a distinct magmatic source with δ34S constrained to 1.0 ± 1.5‰. The study analyzed fumarolic and plume gases collected between 2008–2009, comparing them with sulfur in primitive melt inclusions from 2002 lava and whole rocks erupted over the past two millennia. Modeling isotopic fractionation during magma degassing indicated that the magmatic system is significantly more oxidizing (ΔNNO ≥ 1) than previously thought, explaining why SO2 dominates in Etna's plume. This finding challenges prior assumptions about sulfur species in oxidized basaltic melts and provides insights into volcanic processes shaping this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Sultan Hassan Mosque: an Islamic Architectural Wonder Analytical Study of Design and its Effect on Islamic Cairo

Historic Cairo — 2012 — WHEFB7636DAF6

A significant relationship exists between Islamic architectural design and its societal impact, demonstrated through the Sultan Hassan Mosque Complex in Cairo. The study reveals that Islamic principles shape mosque design in religious, social, and functional aspects, fulfilling Muslim needs while reinforcing community roles such as prayer houses, knowledge centers, and meeting places for shoura (consultation). The research employed a dual-method approach: literature review for historical context and site visits to analyze architectural features, usage, location, and artistic elements. Findings suggest that mosques like Sultan Hassan can preserve cultural identity amid globalization while serving modern societal needs. Recommendations include enhancing mosques' multidimensional use, strengthening their community service roles, and integrating 21st-century design elements to uphold Islamic values.