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Publications

Showing 29941 – 29960 of 30315 publications

Of the river of Apurimac, of the valley of Xaquixaguana, of the causeway which passes over it, and of what else there is to relate until the city of Cuzco is reached

City of Cuzco — 2010 — WHEFD15CF359A

A 16th-century account describes the formidable engineering challenges and risks of traversing the Apurimac River, a significant waterway between Abancay and Caxamarca. The text highlights the construction of a precarious bridge secured by two massive stone pillars, which was destroyed during conflict, forcing soldiers to cross in sacks suspended by ropes—a testament to the river's treacherous nature. The narrative also references ancient Inca structures and an oracle near the riverbank, where sacrifices were performed, suggesting cultural and historical significance. This primary source provides insight into the region's geomorphology, infrastructure resilience, and Indigenous beliefs during the early colonial period.

Of the road from Cuzco to the city of La Paz; and of the villages, until the Indians called Canches are passed

City of Cuzco — 2010 — WHE90C0EA54DD

A historical account reveals the significant architectural and cultural heritage along the ancient royal road from Cuzco to La Paz, spanning approximately 80 leagues. The route, paved with stones and crossing a large swamp via a causeway, was adorned with grand edifices in Mohina, now in ruins, which contained vast amounts of gold, silver, and precious artifacts during the time of Spanish conquest. Evidence suggests the presence of monolithic structures with religious significance, possibly used for worship or ceremonial purposes. Additionally, the road features an impressive wall, likely part of an advanced irrigation system, showcasing the ingenuity and engineering prowess of the indigenous Canches people.

Of the sixth king who reigned in Cuzco, and of what happened in his time; and of the fable or history they relate touching the river that passes through the midst of the city of Cuzco

City of Cuzco — 2010 — WHE7C3B69DC90

A historical account reveals that during the reign of Inca Eocca, a significant event occurred involving the city's first river. The narrative describes how the king, upon being injured during his coronation, retreated to a high hill where he summoned his sister and wife. This period marked a pivotal moment in Cuzco's history, as it was the time when a river began to flow through the city, addressing a longstanding need for water sources. The text blends historical records with cultural practices, such as the tradition of ear-plate wearing among the Orejones, providing insight into Inca societal norms and rituals during this era.

On Modern Architecture and Synthesis of the Arts: Dilemmas, Approaches, Vicissitudes

Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas — 2010 — WHE540DC48956

The concept of 'synthesis of the arts' emerged as a transformative principle in modern architecture during the 1940s, aiming to integrate painting and sculpture into architectural design to bridge the gap between art and society. This approach sought to renew and improve modern architecture by fostering collaboration among artists and ensuring a unified artistic experience that balanced aesthetic value with social content. Key examples of this integration can be seen in university cities such as Mexico City and Caracas, as well as in the landscapes designed by Roberto Burle Marx. However, the study reveals a significant dilemma: while the concept aimed to extend its influence to urban planning and city design, it paradoxically faced a crisis when applied at larger scales, highlighting the challenges of maintaining artistic coherence and social relevance in complex urban environments.

On Structural Features of the Old City of Sana'a, Yemen

Old City of Sana'a — 2010 — WHE23A5ADDD6E

The Old City of Sana'a exhibits distinct structural features within its traditional neighborhood units known as harat. Comprising 56 harat, each contains key elements such as mosques, maqushama (green fields), houses, streets, and sharhat (small open squares). This study reveals how modernization, including the installation of water supply and sewerage systems, has significantly altered these traditional units politically, socially, and physically. The research highlights the impact of such changes on Sana'a's historic environment, emphasizing the need to preserve its unique urban fabric while adapting to contemporary demands.

On the Materia Medica of Dioscorides and a Report About a Copy of It in Tehran

Golestan Palace — 2010 — WHEAD328B1E96

A previously undocumented Arabic manuscript of Dioscorides' Materia Medica, one of the foundational pharmacology texts of the Islamic era, has been identified and reported for the first time. This manuscript, housed in the Golestan Palace library in Tehran, is noted for its exceptional quality and significance. The study highlights its historical value, emphasizing its role as a rare and unrecorded treasure in bibliographic literature. The research focuses on the manuscript's attributes, its translation lineage, and its contribution to understanding Islamic pharmacological traditions.

On the Modular Design of Mughal Riverfront Funerary Gardens

Humayun's Tomb, Delhi — 2010 — WHEECD351F48B

A groundbreaking analysis reveals that the modular designs of two iconic Mughal funerary gardens—Humayun's Tomb and the Taj Mahal—were meticulously based on ancient units from the Arthasastra, a 4th-century BCE Indian text. By measuring dimensions in dhanus (D) and vitastis (V), researchers confirmed a low error rate between predicted and actual measurements, providing the first empirical evidence of this architectural canon's influence. This discovery introduces a novel mathematical framework for studying Mughal architecture, bridging ancient textual traditions with tangible structural precision.

Orders & Contracts

Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata — 2010 — WHE03A00E084A

Diagenetic processes significantly alter bone geochemistry, complicating dietary reconstructions from archaeological remains. A study of four Neolithic skeletons from the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Dhar Oualata (Mauritania) and Daounas (Mali) revealed that local taphonomic conditions—such as drainage and flooding—differentially affected bone preservation. Bones from highly drained, periodically flooded environments showed substantial bacterial damage, low apatite crystallinity, and secondary mineral formation, leading to greater diagenetic alteration of trace elements and stable isotopes compared to bones from drier sites. By analyzing intra-skeletal variability and comparing bone and tooth geochemistry, researchers approximated ante-mortem compositions, highlighting the importance of selecting the best-preserved samples for accurate dietary reconstructions.

Ordovician–Silurian Lilliput crinoids during the end-Ordovician biotic crisis

Anticosti — 2010 — WHE1156A9E470

A rapid reduction in body size, known as the 'Lilliput Effect,' was observed in crinoids from Anticosti Island during the end-Ordovician biotic crisis. This significant decrease in size affected both dominant Ordovician and Silurian clades equally, with the post-extinction fauna consisting largely of new taxa. The miniaturization occurred rapidly but recovery took up to 7 million years, highlighting a macroevolutionary asymmetry that underscores the importance of preserving current biodiversity.

Origen de los Changos: Análisis de ADNmt antiguo sugiere descendencia de pescadores de la cultura Chinchorro (7.900 - 4.000 A.P.)

Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region — 2010 — WHE54F791132C

Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals that the Chango people, fishermen from Paposo Cove near Taltal, are genetically linked to prehistoric Chinchorro culture populations (7900–4000 BCE), supporting long-standing hypotheses about their biological descent. The study employed advanced molecular genetics techniques to compare antique haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA sequences from the Chinchorro culture with contemporary populations, providing a chronological framework for understanding genetic continuity in Northern Chile and Southern Peru. This research contributes to the broader knowledge of Chilean population genetics by offering scientific evidence for ancestral connections between these ancient fishing communities.

Origin and SEM analysis of aerosols in the high mountain of Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Teide National Park — 2010 — WHECC1E7E68AF

A significant increase in African dust events reaching the Canary Islands, including Teide National Park, was identified, with 79% of air masses originating from Africa. This study highlights the complex mixture of respirable particles, such as quartz microcrystals and freshwater diatom tests, which pose potential respiratory health risks, particularly in high-altitude regions like Tenerife's highlands. Researchers used backward trajectory analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize aerosol composition during dust intrusions from March 2004, revealing dominant mineral and biological components with implications for airway pathology.

Origin of large-volume pseudotachylite in terrestrial impact structures

Vredefort Dome — 2010 — WHE7E34D9DE63

Large-volume pseudotachylite bodies, which consist of angular and rounded wall-rock fragments enveloped by a microcrystalline or glassy matrix, are not formed through a single fragmentation and melt generation process. Instead, these centimeter- to kilometer-scale structures form as fragment- and melt-filled tension fractures due to differential rotation of target rock during cratering. This discovery, based on observations from Sudbury (Canada) and Vredefort (South Africa), challenges existing hypotheses and suggests that pseudotachylite characteristics arise from the drainage of initially superheated impact melt into these fractures. The study provides a unified process to explain highly variable pseudotachylite features, advancing our understanding of complex crater formation mechanics.

Origin, Diversification, and Classification of the Australasian Genus Dracophyllum (Richeeae, Ericaceae) 1

Lord Howe Island Group — 2010 — WHE76F8BACDB6

A study of the Australasian genus Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) reveals that its species richness and diversity peak in New Zealand, with evolutionary roots tracing back to the Eocene. Phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast genes matK and rbcL showed that tribe Richeeae diverged at least 33.3 million years ago, with a crown radiation during the Early Miocene (16.5 Ma). This period aligns with Australia's aridification, leading to two distinct lineages: one isolated in southern Western Australia (Sphenotoma) and another spanning eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and New Zealand (Dracophyllum and Richea). The study also documents two independent long-distance dispersal events from Australia to New Caledonia and New Zealand during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, with rapid species radiation occurring within the last 3–6 million years. Additionally, it suggests that Dracophyllum is paraphyletic and Richea polyphyletic, necessitating taxonomic revision.

Origins, influences, and early mastery

Hanseatic City of Lübeck — 2010 — WHE1812755A88

Lübeck's historical significance as the capital of the Hanseatic League and its subsequent decline shaped Thomas Mann's early life and literary influences. The study reveals that despite Lübeck's diminished status by the 19th century, its lingering cultural and architectural legacy—including the St. Mary Cathedral where Mann was baptized—left a lasting imprint on his works. Research examines how Mann's exposure to Low German dialect, the maritime environment of a harbor town, and Lübeck's cosmopolitan ties to northern Europe influenced his narrative style and themes. The analysis also highlights the contrast between Mann's narrow provincial upbringing and his later global experiences, suggesting that both contributed to his literary mastery.

Orthopteroids in Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India

Kaziranga National Park — 2010 — WHE3FCC337EA8

A survey of Orthopteroids (insects belonging to the order Orthoptera) in Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India, identified 14 species, including one potentially new to science. The study highlights the park's biodiversity, particularly its grasshopper and cricket diversity, which may serve as indicators for ecosystem health. Researchers conducted field surveys across different habitats within the park, collecting specimens and documenting their distribution. This work contributes to the understanding of Orthopteroids in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to protect these often-overlooked but ecologically significant insects.

Our Prefatory Work at thebes

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2010 — WHEC1AF094327

A groundbreaking discovery in the necropolis of Ancient Thebes, particularly in the Valley of the Kings, challenged long-held beliefs about the exhaustion of significant tomb sites. The excavation, led by a team including Lord Carnarvon and under the guidance of an antiquities inspector, uncovered the tomb of Amenhetep I in 1914, debunking claims that no more major tombs remained to be found. This finding followed seven years of exploration in other parts of the Theban necropolis, where the team had already published notable results from their initial five years of work. The study employed systematic excavation techniques and leveraged previous insights, such as those from Theodore Davis's earlier expeditions, which had focused on less explored areas like the north valley and surrounding mounds near the Temple of Medinet Habu.

Out of the Wilderness: A Fourteenth-Century English Drawing of John the Baptist

Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church — 2010 — WHEBC90A53175

A previously unnoticed, exceptional fourteenth-century English drawing of St. John the Baptist, housed in London's British Library (MS Royal 10 B XIV), has been identified as a significant addition to early to mid-fourteenth-century English art. The drawing, dated circa 1335–40 and likely executed in southeast England or East Anglia, features rare iconographic motifs, including a figure of Salome beneath the saint's feet and a monumental Gothic arch composed of living oak trees framing the saint. This unique imagery suggests the drawing was created as a focus of devotion for John of Lingfield, an Oxford scholar-monk and first recorded owner of the manuscript. The study explores the physical nature, bibliographical context, and artistic associations of the drawing, highlighting its role in the acquisition of manuscript illumination at St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, during the early fourteenth century.

Pagus, castellum et civitas

Dougga / Thugga — 2010 — WHE3F0629C591

The transformation of rural settlements ('pagus', 'castellum') into autonomous cities ('civitas') under Roman rule was found to be a complex, politically driven process. Unlike previously assumed, this promotion was not merely about achieving legal immunity but rather about gaining concrete social dignity and autonomy. The study analyzed inscriptions from Dougga (Thugga), revealing that such advancements required diplomatic petitions to the Emperor, who could grant or revoke city status based on merit. This process mirrored the struggle for freedom ('libertas') and social standing, with mother cities resisting independence to retain financial and political control. The research highlights the nuanced interplay between local aspirations and imperial authority in shaping urban development.

Palestine in Late Antiquity (review)

Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev — 2010 — WHE5D8C72BCC0

A comprehensive review of Palestine's Late Antiquity (4th–7th centuries) reveals a complex landscape marked by fluid cultural and religious diversity, political conflict, and shifting power dynamics. Hagith Sivan's work challenges traditional monolithic narratives by integrating literary evidence from diverse communities with archaeological findings, highlighting the multifaceted nature of regional identity and conflict. The study emphasizes 'conflict' as a unifying theme—both within local populations and in broader international relations—illustrated through urban development, desert transformations, and rival claims to sacred spaces like Jerusalem's Temple Mount. Sivan's approach combines topographical analysis with social theory, offering a nuanced perspective on the period's political flashpoints, such as Samaritan-Christian tensions and imperial interventions (e.g., Constantine’s Holy Sepulcher dedication). The review underscores the importance of centering marginalized voices, like those of the Samaritans, to reconstruct a more accurate historical tapestry.

PANGEA: pipeline for analysis of next generation amplicons

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2010 — WHEC0DE9ACBA1

PANGEA offers a streamlined, efficient pipeline for analyzing high-throughput DNA sequencing data, enabling rapid identification and comparison of microbial communities. This Perl-based tool processes sequences from next-generation sequencers into formats compatible with BLAST and other databases, facilitating quick assessments on personal computers. Demonstrated using 16S rRNA sequences from Hawaii Volcanoes National Park soils and rat stool samples, PANGEA simplifies complex bioinformatics workflows—from pre-processing to classification—across Mac OSX, Windows, or Linux platforms. Its modular design allows users to customize databases or run the entire pipeline as a single script, 'backbone,' excluding only the chi² step. This innovation accelerates environmental and clinical microbial studies by reducing computational barriers.