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Rythmes et modalités d'approvisionnement en silex blond bédoulien dans le Chasséen du bassin de l'Aude : le cas d’Auriac, Carcassonne (Aude)

Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne — 2010 — WHE248F570212

Auriac, a fortified site within the UNESCO-listed Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne, stands out for its significant and consistent use of Bédoulien blond flint sourced from Vaucluse during the Chasséen period. Unlike surrounding sites, Auriac's lithic industry is almost entirely composed of this imported material, primarily in the form of pre-shaped, heated nuclei and rare unheated blades, with the majority being lamellae production tools. This suggests a specialized role for Auriac as a central hub for importing and redistributing flint, supported by comparisons with other contemporary sites in the region. While neighboring settlements also engaged in lamellae production using imported nuclei, their reliance on Bédoulien flint was notably lower. The study, based on analyses of multiple lithic assemblages from Auriac's sectors, reveals distinct patterns of flint exploitation and utilization, with fortified areas showing stronger evidence of on-site lamellae production. Meanwhile, sites like Font-Juvénal, primarily used for caprine breeding, exhibited a higher proportion of unheated blades, hinting at separate distribution networks for heated nuclei and unheated blades.

Sacerdos intrauit sub iugum. Étude sur le rituel dans le culte de Saturne en Afrique romaine

Archaeological Site of Carthage — 2010 — WHE67CB426DD8

A re-evaluation of the epigraphic formula 'sacerdos intrauit sub iugum' on stellae from Carthage's hinterland reveals that it signifies a precise legal votive relationship, not a rite of submission. Contrary to prior assumptions, the formula does not indicate initiation into Saturnian mysteries but rather marks the binding promise made by priests upon the deity's agreement. This insight challenges the notion that these rituals were rooted in Punic tradition, instead highlighting their distinct Roman and African characteristics.

Sally Hemings, Founding Mother

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2010 — WHEB9CFA7DE82

Genetic evidence confirming Thomas Jefferson's paternity of Sally Hemings' son Eston reshaped scholarly discourse on American history, challenging long-held narratives about race and nationhood. While the Thomas Jefferson Foundation acknowledged Jefferson's relationship with Hemings in 2000, dissenting voices resisted this conclusion, citing political correctness over historical accuracy. Clarence E. Walker's Mongrel Nation argues that Jefferson and Hemings should be recognized as America's founding parents, centering interracial relationships and slavery in the nation's origins. The book critiques the 'hegemony of whiteness' in historical narratives, positioning Jefferson's actions within a broader transnational context of colonial settler societies.

Sand Flies of the Endemic Areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2010 — WHE89C24453DE

Research identifies Nyssomyia intermedia and Migonemyia migonei as likely vectors of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study analyzed 3,831 sand fly specimens collected from seven endemic localities, revealing these two species as predominant, with peak densities occurring between 18–20 h and 01–02 h. This finding is significant for a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its tourism, where ACL incidence averages 43.2 cases annually since 1985. The study aims to provide critical data for preventing ACL transmission in high-risk areas.

Satisfaction-non-based Factors in Repeat Demand for Tourism and Its Strategic Implications A Case Sutudy in Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine

Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE6EF1199C15

Research on Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine reveals that repeat tourism demand is significantly influenced by non-satisfaction-based factors, such as anticipation and evolving preferences. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about visitor loyalty and highlight the importance of dynamic experiences in sustaining repeat visits. The study employed quantitative analysis to validate these factors' significance and proposed strategic implications for tourism management, emphasizing the need to incorporate non-satisfaction elements into long-term planning.

Scenarios for Community-based Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation: a case study from the Wet Tropics, Queensland, Australia

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2010 — WHE8D0B2FADBD

A study on the Wet Tropics of Queensland demonstrates that scenario-based approaches can effectively bridge the gap between biodiversity science and conservation projects, fostering community support for conservation efforts. The research, conducted at Mission Beach, highlights that scenarios addressing contested interests and uncertainty were successful in creating a cohesive vision for biodiversity conservation, primarily due to their focus on threats, integration of biodiversity science, and simplicity in presentation. These findings suggest that scenarios hold significant potential as tools to overcome the persistent implementation gap in biodiversity conservation.

Sea urchins, macroalgae and coral reef decline: a functional evaluation of an intact reef system, Ningaloo, Western Australia

Ningaloo Coast — 2010 — WHE8228CA451F

Despite being one of the world's most intact coral reef ecosystems, Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia exhibits unexpectedly high abundances of macroalgae and sea urchins. This challenges conventional indicators of reef decline, as extensive macroalgal beds and dense sea urchin populations were observed on the reef slope, where grazing rates by fish were also exceptionally high—completely scraping the substrate every 43 to 59 days. The study, led by Johansson et al., used functional evaluations to assess bio-indicators of reef health, revealing that echinoids significantly contributed to bioerosion on reef slopes, matching the impact of the most abundant parrotfish species. This finding underscores the need for caution when interpreting macroalgal and sea urchin densities as sole metrics for evaluating reef condition.

Seafloor mapping with MeRIS images in the lagoon of New Caledonia

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2010 — WHE37C1B44272

A novel method for seafloor mapping in the lagoon of New Caledonia has been successfully validated using MeRIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) images. The study demonstrates that light attenuation by water columns can be corrected to obtain absolute seabed reflectance and determine bathymetry through spectral band analysis. By comparing radiance from standard seabed features at varying depths and applying supervised classification, researchers accurately mapped the seafloor in the southwestern part of the lagoon. Validations with ground measurements confirmed the method's reliability, providing a critical tool for understanding reef diversity and associated ecosystems in this ecologically significant region.

Searching for a Balance Between Community Needs and Conservation Policies in Historic Neighbourhoods of Istanbul

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2010 — WHE3EBC559337

Recent regeneration efforts in Istanbul's historic neighbourhoods, such as Fetter and Balat (F&B), struggle to balance community needs with conservation policies. This study reveals that while sustainability and community-focused approaches are gaining traction among policymakers, their integration into urban conservation strategies remains limited. By analyzing the regeneration story of F&B, the research identifies key strengths and weaknesses in current conservation-led initiatives, offering critical insights for future sustainable urban development in historic areas. The findings suggest that achieving equilibrium between community aspirations and built environment preservation is essential for equitable and sustainable solutions.

Seasonal contrasts in carbon resources and ecological processes on a tropical floodplain

Kakadu National Park — 2010 — WHE97DAED3217

Tropical floodplains, such as the Magela Creek floodplain within Kakadu National Park, exhibit highly productive ecosystems driven by seasonal rainfall and flooding. A review of decades of research reveals that macrophytes—grasses and aquatic plants—dominate above-ground biomass production, serving as critical food and habitat structures for various species like magpie geese. While macrophytes are not a primary carbon source for aquatic consumers, they play a pivotal role in shaping food webs and ecosystem function. The study constructs a conceptual model contrasting wet and dry seasons, highlighting the importance of understanding seasonal and spatial exchanges between floodplains and rivers to grasp broader ecological processes.

Seasonal dynamics of airborne fungi in different caves of the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

Mogao Caves — 2010 — WHE362CCEB57A

A study on the Mogao Caves reveals that visitor activity significantly influences airborne fungal concentrations and compositions. Researchers found higher levels of culturable fungi, particularly Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Aspergillus spp., in closed caves (CC) and outdoor areas (OD), with seasonal variations peaking in summer and autumn. Positive correlations were observed between fungal levels and temperature or visitor numbers, while negative correlations were noted with relative humidity and rainfall. This insight underscores the importance of considering human impact in conservation efforts for such heritage sites.

Seasonal effects and fine-scale population dynamics of Aedes taeniorhynchus, a major disease vector in the Galapagos Islands

Galápagos Islands — 2010 — WHEEB2F89172B

Research reveals that coastal and highland populations of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus in the Galápagos Islands exhibit strong genetic differentiation year-round, with limited gene flow occurring only during periods of increased precipitation. This suggests that ecological differences between habitats drive adaptation and divergence, potentially leading to incipient speciation. Highland populations show signs of founder effects or reduced breeding sites, yet maintain genetic diversity over time, implying survival through dry periods as dormant eggs. Mosquito abundance in highlands is strongly linked to precipitation, while coastal populations are more influenced by tide height. These findings highlight potential differences in mosquito-borne disease dynamics between habitats and increased infection risk during wetter conditions.

Seasonal Variation of Fish Assemblages on Jangbong Tidal Flat, Incheon, Korea

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2010 — WHE2B43CB268A

Jangbong Tidal Flat, part of the UNESCO-listed Getbol Korean Tidal Flats, exhibits distinct seasonal variation in fish assemblages, driven primarily by water temperature fluctuations. Cold-water specialists like Acanthogobius hasta and Triaenopogon barbatus dominate during cooler months, while warm-water species such as Johnius grypotus and Sebastes schlegeli thrive in warmer periods. The study, conducted through monthly trawling from 1999 to 2001, identified 36 fish species with notable dominance shifts between cold- and warm-water groups. Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination revealed these seasonal trends, highlighting the ecological sensitivity of tidal flat ecosystems to environmental changes.

Sediment-transport during three controlled-flood experiments on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, with implications for eddy-sandbar deposition in Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park — 2010 — WHEF7EEA5F24F

Higher suspended-sand concentrations during controlled floods lead to greater eddy-sandbar deposition rates, but larger amounts of coarser sand on the riverbed can paradoxically reduce these rates. This counterintuitive finding emerges from three large-scale field experiments conducted in 1996, 2004, and 2008 on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. The studies analyzed sediment transport and bed-sediment data to assess how controlled floods could sustainably rebuild eddy sandbars in Grand Canyon National Park when combined with tributary sand supply. While suspended-sand concentrations peaked during the 2008 experiment, this was likely due to increased bed sand in lower Glen Canyon rather than Grand Canyon. The research highlights the need to balance flood magnitude and grain size in future controlled floods to optimize sandbar deposition, though long-term sustainability remains uncertain.

Sedimentary architecture of the Loire River drowned valleys of the French Atlantic shelf

The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes — 2010 — WHEA5FAADA34E

A thick and complex Pleistocene coastal wedge, preserved in a fossil valley network offshore the Loire River estuary, has been identified through high-resolution seismic profiling. This system comprises three main valleys, 30 km long and 40–60 m deep, incised into Eocene sedimentary rocks lying unconformably on the South Armorican Massif basement. The coastal wedge is organized into six seismic units, representing a succession of colluvial, braided river, estuarine, fluvial, floodout marine sediments, and open marine bioturbated mudstones. These units are arranged in two depositional sequences bounded by a regional unconformity, with ages estimated to be Saalian (130–200 Ka) for the lower sequence and Weischelian (110–12 Ka) for the upper one, correlating with global sea-level changes. This study provides insights into the sedimentary architecture of drowned valleys on the French Atlantic shelf, linking offshore and onshore records to reconstruct past river incision and paleoenvironments.

Seed dispersal patterns in two closely related howler monkey species (Alouatta palliata and A. pigra): a preliminary report of differences in fruit consumption, traveling behavior, and associated dung beetle assemblages

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2010 — WHE5FF07189A1

A four-month comparative study of two howler monkey species, Alouatta palliata and A. pigra, in southern Mexico reveals significant differences in their roles as seed dispersers. Despite consuming similar quantities of seeds (approximately 13,000 each), the mantled howler monkey (A. palliata) dispersed fewer seed species (13 vs. 31) than the black howler monkey (A. pigra). The A. palliata group exhibited larger home ranges and day ranges, attracting more dung beetles, including a higher proportion of ball-rolling species, compared to the A. pigra group, which attracted predominantly burrowing dung beetles. These findings underscore the importance of considering foraging behavior, ranging patterns, and associated secondary dispersers when assessing primate seed dispersal dynamics in tropical rainforests.

Seismic properties of the supra‐subduction mantle: Constraints from peridotite xenoliths from the Avacha volcano, southern Kamchatka

Volcanoes of Kamchatka — 2010 — WHE7EC57A1002

Research reveals that the supra-subduction mantle beneath the Avacha volcano, southern Kamchatka, exhibits distinct seismic properties shaped by low-stress deformation and fluid-driven processes. The study identifies an axial [100] olivine crystal preferred orientation (CPO) in peridotite xenoliths, which implies fast S-wave polarization aligned with flow direction in the mantle wedge. Additionally, orthopyroxene enrichment due to reactive percolation of hydrous melts or fluids lowers the Vp/Vs ratio but does not fully account for the exceptionally low ratios (<1.7) observed in other subduction zones like Japan and the Andes. The findings suggest that intrinsic anisotropy within these peridotites may explain such low Vp/Vs ratios, offering new insights into the seismic behavior of supra-subduction mantle environments.

Selenium dynamics in Canadian Rocky Mountain lakes

Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks — 2010 — WHE3A080CA2BC

Selenium (Se) concentrations in lakes within Banff National Park and Kananaskis Country, Alberta, exceed toxic thresholds for birds and fish, posing risks to wildlife and human consumers. Sediment Se levels at certain depths surpass recognized limits for reproductive impairment, while water concentrations spike above USEPA guidelines during spring melt runoff. Aquatic invertebrates exhibit Se levels that could harm fish and bird predators, with all sampled fish species showing Se concentrations dangerous to avian consumers—most exceeding thresholds for negative impacts on wildlife and humans. Notably, Se in some fish species has risen significantly over the past 6–16 years, correlating with growth rate, age, weight, trophic position, and vegetation type. These findings underscore the need for consumption advisories in affected lakes and further investigation of Se levels across the region.

Serologic Survey for Selected Infectious Diseases in Free-Ranging Brazilian Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2010 — WHE228DE95826

A serologic survey conducted between September 2000 and January 2002 in Emas National Park, central Brazil, revealed that free-ranging Brazilian tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) showed no evidence of infection with Leptospira spp., Brucella abortus, or equine infectious anemia. However, one out of ten tapirs tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii, marking the first detection of this pathogen in a wild tapir population in central Brazil. The study involved immobilizing and sampling blood from ten individuals as part of an ecological research effort, providing baseline serological data for infectious diseases in this vulnerable species within the Cerrado biome.

Sewell, historia y cultura en un asentamiento humano organizacional

Sewell Mining Town — 2010 — WHE6A111F49DD

Sewell, a Chilean mining town, stands out for its unique organizational settlement and rich cultural heritage. This study highlights the significance of Sewell's history and intangible cultural assets as part of Chile's national heritage, aiming to strengthen its candidacy for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. The research employs a comprehensive approach to rescue and showcase the town's historical narrative, architectural patterns, and socio-cultural dynamics, emphasizing their universal value. By integrating archival analysis with ethnographic methods, the study underscores Sewell's role as a living testament to early 20th-century industrial society, blending labor history with urban planning innovations.