World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 14141 – 14160 of 15962 publications

Lion Densities in Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania

Selous Game Reserve — 2018 — WHE533EFAE9A6

Lion densities in the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania, were found to be significantly lower than previously estimated, with an average of 1.2 lions per 100 km², highlighting the need for urgent conservation efforts. This study utilized camera trapping and lion scent marking surveys across different habitats within the reserve to assess population density and distribution. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring lion populations in large, protected areas to inform conservation strategies and ensure the long-term survival of this iconic species.

Lithuanian Troy: Preservation and Interpretation of Kernavė, a UNESCO World Heritage Archaeological Site

Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė) — 2018 — WHE0AA3A9B67A

Kernavė, known as the 'Troy of Lithuania,' stands out as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its rich archaeological and historical significance, spanning from the Final Palaeolithic era to the present. This study highlights the critical importance of preserving and interpreting such sites, which not only shed light on the origins and development of modern society but also underscore the necessity for their conservation. The research focuses on Kernavė's unique cultural landscape and numerous archaeological objects, emphasizing its role as a 'Mecca for archaeologists.' By examining preservation, management, and interpretation strategies, the study provides valuable insights into safeguarding similar heritage sites globally.

Liturgic emphasis, dramaturgy, identity of power and episcopal jurisdiction (XVIth-XVIIIth centuries)

Convent of Christ in Tomar — 2018 — WHEEE0C270BC6

A rare glimpse into the psychological and physiological responses of a high-ranking church official during a significant liturgical ceremony is provided by this study. Focusing on the unedited solemn ceremony of the imposition of the pallium—a distinctive band symbolizing episcopal power—on Archbishop Augustin of Jesus in 16th-century Portugal, the research reveals the profound impact of such rituals on the protagonist's identity and jurisdiction. The analysis draws from two biographical records and situates the event within the broader context of Portuguese Church hierarchies and political ceremonies during the Habsburg dynasty. By examining the unusual stop at the Convent of Christ in Tomar for this ceremony, the study sheds light on the interplay between liturgical dramaturgy, power dynamics, and episcopal authority.

Local conservation and perceptions of heritage in Old Rauma World Heritage Site

Old Rauma — 2018 — WHE7CAAFE83C5

Residents' diverse perspectives on heritage in Old Rauma offer valuable insights for conservation management. The study identifies three distinct community groups with varying frames of reference and values about heritage, highlighting the importance of understanding local perceptions to effectively govern privately owned properties under international conventions. It suggests that fostering communication forums could enhance social learning and support practical, locally developed conservation methods. This approach would strengthen governance and advisory bodies by integrating local knowledge, needs, and community dynamics into heritage management strategies.

Long-Term Peatland Condition Assessment via Surface Motion Monitoring Using the ISBAS DInSAR Technique over the Flow Country, Scotland

The Flow Country — 2018 — WHE1079DA18B2

Research demonstrates the potential of the Intermittent Small BAseline Subset (ISBAS) technique to monitor long-term surface motion over peatland areas, offering a new tool for assessing peatland condition. Unlike traditional InSAR methods, ISBAS can effectively measure surface motion in vegetated and less coherent environments like peatlands. The study applied this technique to the Flow Country in Scotland using ERS C-band (1992–2000) and Sentinel-1 C-band (2015–2016) satellite data, identifying subsidence patterns linked to land cover and use. While ISBAS measurements aligned with ground data trends, uncertainties in magnitude and direction were noted. The findings suggest that ISBAS could be a valuable method for tracking peatland degradation or recovery, though further validation is required.

Luminescence Dating of an Ancient Walled Settlement in Orkhon Valley, Mongolia

Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape — 2018 — WHEF60247DAF1

A new chronology for an ancient walled settlement in the Orkhon Valley, Mongolia, suggests construction around 785±80 AD, challenging earlier archaeological estimates of 906–1125 AD. Researchers used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on quartz samples, applying the post-IR OSL method to small aliquots as proxies for single-grain measurements. Statistical analysis revealed a dose distribution with a central age model (CAM) De of 5.14±0.10 Gy and over dispersion of 47.5%, while the minimum age model (MAM) De was 3.7±0.6 Gy. The fast quartz post-IR OSL component, free from suspected partial bleaching, supported the earlier construction date. However, the MAM age aligns with independent evidence for reconstruction or reuse of the settlement around 1090±80 AD. This study demonstrates the potential of luminescence dating for young samples in cultural landscapes and refines our understanding of the Orkhon Valley's historical timeline.

Mammal Depletion Processes as Evidenced From Spatially Explicit and Temporal Local Ecological Knowledge

Okapi Wildlife Reserve — 2018 — WHE2BA1F17E87

A significant decline in mammal populations, particularly red colobus, orycterope, and chimpanzee, has been observed across the Okapi Wildlife Reserve in Democratic Republic of the Congo. This depletion is largely attributed to cascading effects stemming from rebellions between 1996 and 2002. The study employs an ethnozoological approach, integrating spatially explicit and temporal local ecological knowledge, to provide a cost-effective yet reliable method for tracking population trends. Notably, while species like elephants have locally disappeared and okapi and forest buffalo persist only in the northern part of the landscape, Yangambi Reserve demonstrates post-depletion sustainability with stable populations of fast-reproducing or small-sized species. The research underscores the potential for reversing depletion processes in post-conflict contexts and highlights the utility of this methodology in other regions with significant observer activity.

Mapping Vegetation and Land Use Types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Using Google Earth Engine

Fanjingshan — 2018 — WHEB24706F8AB

Researchers developed a robust method to map vegetation and land use types in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve (FNNR), a biodiversity hotspot in China, using Google Earth Engine. The study demonstrated that multi-seasonal Landsat image composites combined with elevation data significantly improved mapping accuracy by addressing challenges posed by steep terrain and persistent cloud cover. By leveraging spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) and shade/illumination normalization techniques, the team achieved consistent classification accuracies above 70%, even with limited training data. Advanced machine learning routines, optimized through tuning techniques, ensured reliable monitoring of forest cover and land use in FNNR and similar mountainous, cloud-prone regions.

Masoud Azarnoush, Ali Sharifi, Ali Hozhabri. « Bāznegari gāhnegāri nesbi va motlaq tepe Hegmatāneh, barāsās yāfteh-ha va netāyakh āzmāyesh garmāliān va rādiokarbon/ Revising the Relative and Absolute Chronology of Tepe Hegmataneh, Hamadan, Iran : Based on the Finds and the Results of Thermo-Luminescent and Radiocarbon Dating »

Hegmataneh — 2018 — WHE1182F12884

A significant revision of the chronology for Tepe Hegmataneh, Iran, establishes that its grand Parthian architectural level dates definitively to the middle-to-late Parthian period, spanning the first few centuries CE and potentially extending into the early 4th century. This conclusion was reached through precise stratigraphic analyses conducted between 2004 and 2007 by Masoud Azarnoush, complemented by thermoluminescence and radiocarbon dating of recovered materials. The study resolves earlier uncertainties by combining relative and absolute dating methods, providing a robust framework for understanding the site's historical timeline.

Materialist Factors

National Archaeological Park Tak’alik Ab’aj — 2018 — WHE916F9E7190

Research at the National Archaeological Park Tak’alik Ab’aj reveals that Chocolá’s hydraulic engineering, including stone conduits and canals, mirrors systems found in other ancient Maya cities like Takalik Abaj and Kaminaljuyu. This suggests a deliberate sharing of technology among these polities, indicating strong interconnections between them. Additionally, the study proposes that intensive surplus cacao production—likely through large groves—contributed significantly to Chocolá’s rise as a powerful society. The 'Shook Altar,' a notable monument from the Southern Maya Region, plays a key role in this hypothesis, supporting theories of long-distance trade and economic prosperity.

Mercado y centro gastronómico - centro histórico de Lima

Historic Centre of Lima — 2018 — WHEEAF95586A0

A new architectural approach to market halls is proposed, transforming them from static commercial spaces into dynamic gastronomic and cultural hubs that enrich urban centers. By leveraging Lima's gastronomic boom, the study introduces a redesigned market concept that integrates educational activities, fosters community development, and adapts to modern societal needs. This innovative perspective goes beyond traditional market functions, offering a multifaceted experience that aligns with contemporary urban requirements while preserving historical significance.

Mésentente temporelle. La fabrique du patrimoine culturel urbain de Rio de Janeiro à l’épreuve des temps du territoire carioca

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2018 — WHEA31394AD03

This study reveals how the heritagization process of Rio de Janeiro as a UNESCO World Heritage Site serves as a critical moment to interrogate the interplay between past, present, and future, particularly in relation to the city's rapid urban transformations during mega-events. By analyzing four key moments within this process, the research deciphers the temporal horizons of various actors involved, highlighting the negotiation of divergent historicity schemes and their entanglement with the timescales of urban transformation and sustainable development. The findings underscore the complex interplay between different presents at work in shaping Rio's urban landscape, offering insights into how heritage narratives are constructed and contested in dynamic urban contexts.

Microstructural, Mineralogical and Petrographical Characteristics of the Medieval Ceramics from the Studenica Monastery (UNESCO World Heritage Site): Implications on the Pottery Technology and Provenance of The Raw Material

Studenica Monastery — 2018 — WHE17C584D7C4

A detailed analysis of medieval ceramics from the Studenica Monastery reveals that most vessels were locally produced using raw materials consistent with the geology of the surrounding area. The study, employing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction, identified four potential imports linked to Byzantine sgraffito wares and ceramics from the Peloponnese (13th century). The findings indicate a standardized pottery production process, with cooking wares fired at 600–700°C and glazed tablewares and cooking pots fired at minimum 800–900°C. This suggests a blend of traditional skills and Byzantine artistic influences within the pottery craft circle.

Middle and Later Stone Age chronology of Kisese II rockshelter (UNESCO World Heritage Kondoa Rock-Art Sites), Tanzania

Kondoa Rock-Art Sites — 2018 — WHE586C7FCCB8

Kisese II rockshelter, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Kondoa Rock-Art Sites in Tanzania, reveals that behavioral innovations associated with modern humans emerged gradually between 46,000 and 34,300 years ago. This study provides one of the most robust chronological sequences for East Africa using 29 radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshell beads, showing that backed microliths and red ochre use became widespread during this period. The transition from Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) lithic technologies began around 39,000 years ago, with LSA technologies fully established by the Last Glacial Maximum. These findings challenge the notion of a rapid, uniform shift in human behavior, instead highlighting regional variability and time-transgressive changes.

Mineral chemistry, P-T and tectonometamorphic evolutions of garnet amphibolites from the Takht-e-Soleyman, NW Takab

Takht-e Soleyman — 2018 — WHE0D08AC4516

Garnet amphibolites from Takht-e-Soleyman, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, reveal distinct mineral chemistry and metamorphic evolution linked to tectonic processes. The study identifies pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of approximately 6–8 kbar and 700–750°C during the metamorphic peak, suggesting subduction-related metamorphism. Mineral compositions indicate complex fluid-rock interactions, with garnet showing zoning patterns that reflect changes in pressure and temperature over time. This research provides critical insights into the tectonometamorphic history of the region, contributing to a better understanding of the geological dynamics that shaped Takht-e-Soleyman's unique landscape.

Mineralogical–Geochemical Characterization and Provenance of the Stones Used at the Pasargadae Complex in Iran: A New Perspective

Pasargadae — 2018 — WHE49FFBFD8B1

A new study reveals the provenance of stones used in the construction of Pasargadae, Iran's ancient UNESCO World Heritage Site, dating back to 550–330 BCE. Researchers identified Abolverdi quarry as the source for light limestone, particularly in Cyrus the Great's tomb, while Ahmad-Beigi and Sarpaniran outcrops supplied dark limestone. Using mineralogical and geochemical analysis—including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ICP-MS, and XRF—the team distinguished stone sources based on Sr/Fe ratios and rare-earth element concentrations. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings, offering fresh insights into the sophisticated stonework techniques of ancient Persian architecture.

Mobile Augmented Reality Games As An Engaging Tool For Cultural Heritage Dissemination: A Case Study

Archaeological Site of Delphi — 2018 — WHEFD0EBA878F

Mobile augmented reality (AR) games emerge as a promising tool for engaging students with cultural heritage, particularly at open-air archaeological sites. A pilot study using the 'Oracle of Delphi app' demonstrated that location-aware AR can effectively guide secondary school students through the sacred site of Delphi, fostering playful exploration and learning about its monuments. This innovative approach addresses gaps in current literature by evaluating usability, effectiveness, and user acceptance of mobile AR in educational contexts. The research provides actionable insights for cultural heritage administrators and educators, highlighting key factors to consider when designing digital strategies for archaeological site visits. As the first such study for Delphi, it offers a model for integrating technology with heritage dissemination.

Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2018 — WHE5C176695FD

Researchers identified four Leishmania species infecting sand flies in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil, highlighting potential risks for leishmaniasis transmission. The study found Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (Viannia) lainsoni in multiple sand fly species, including Lutzomyia whitmani, while Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum was prevalent in Lutzomyia wellcomei and Lu. sordellii. Molecular analysis of 2,190 female sand flies collected from peridomiciliary areas between September 2012 and August 2013 revealed infection rates up to 20%. These findings underscore the need for surveillance and control measures to mitigate cutaneous leishmaniasis and prevent visceral leishmaniasis outbreaks in this UNESCO-listed conservation area, a major tourist destination.

Monitoring cultural heritage sites affected by geohazards

Choirokoitia — 2018 — WHE9C9A77C4A6

A proactive approach to assessing geo-hazards in cultural heritage sites, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Choirokoitia in Cyprus, reveals that long-term monitoring can significantly enhance risk assessment and conservation planning. Unlike traditional reactive strategies, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of low-impact techniques like UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and geodetic methods to monitor structural deformation and surrounding geological contexts. By integrating these technologies, researchers can identify potential geo-hazards early, enabling more sustainable and cost-effective conservation efforts. This case study underscores the importance of understanding the broader geological and geotechnical environment to mitigate risks and prioritize maintenance policies for heritage sites.

Monitoring vegetation dynamics in East Rennell Island World Heritage Site using multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data

East Rennell — 2018 — WHE795531E3EE

East Rennell Island, the first natural site under customary law inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, has shown a gradual decline in vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015, with an annual decrease of –0.0011 in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Despite this trend, 95% of the island remains undisturbed by forest cover, and the rate of change is less pronounced within the East Rennell World Heritage Site (ERWHS) compared to areas outside it. The study utilized multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data to track these changes, revealing that while potential threats like logging, mining, and agriculture persist, forest cover change outside ERWHS has remained below 15% over the studied period. The findings provide actionable insights for the Government of Solomon Islands, suggesting the integration of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and field surveys to enhance monitoring and ensure the long-term conservation of ERWHS.