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Publications

Showing 14181 – 14200 of 15962 publications

Plant Microfossil Results from Old Kiyyangan Village: Looking for the Introduction and Expansion of Wet-field Rice (Oryza sativa) Cultivation in the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippine Cordilleras

Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras — 2018 — WHE322005BA01

A groundbreaking analysis of plant microfossils from Old Kiyyangan Village, Ifugao Province, reveals preliminary evidence for the introduction and expansion of wet-field rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation in the Philippine Cordilleras. Pollen, phytolith, and starch analyses of 12 sediment samples date human activity to approximately 810–750 cal. b.p., with the first rice remains appearing around 675 cal. b.p. A significant increase in these remains after 530–470 cal. b.p. suggests a late expansion of rice cultivation, corroborating previous studies. This study provides the initial sediment-derived ancient starch and phytolith evidence for Oryza sativa in the Philippines, offering new insights into the agricultural history of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Pleistocene geodynamic evolution of the Arlanzón valley: implications for the formation of the endokarst system and the open air archaeological sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, España)

Archaeological Site of Atapuerca — 2018 — WHE97E950C951

A new analysis of the Arlanzón valley's Pleistocene geodynamic evolution reveals that tectonic uplift accelerated incision rates, shaping the valley's fluvial terraces and influencing the formation of sub-horizontal cave levels in the Sierra de Atapuerca. This study links three key cave levels (T2, T3, and T4/T5) to specific terrace elevations, suggesting rapid phreatic passage development compared to slower vadose entrenchments. The research also highlights how the exhumation of a Neogene limestone layer provided Neanderthals with accessible flint sources during MIS 3 and 4. By integrating LiDAR-derived terrace heights and chronological data, the study reconstructs downcutting phases, offering insights into the valley's complex geological history and its archaeological significance.

Pollen and Seed Morphology of Some Endemic Taxa in Saint Catherine, Sinai, Egypt

Saint Catherine Area — 2018 — WHEBA3F375957

A groundbreaking study reveals the macro-and micro-morphological characteristics of seeds and pollen grains from 12 endemic plant taxa in Saint Catherine, South Sinai, Egypt. Eight seed types and three pollen morphologies are described for the first time, providing critical insights into the unique biodiversity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Researchers employed light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze seed shape, color, size, surface texture, epidermal cell structure, and pollen features such as shape, size, apertures, and exine ornamentation. This detailed morphological analysis enhances our understanding of the region's endemic flora and contributes valuable data for conservation efforts.

Population numbers, density and activity patterns of servals in savannah patches of Odzala‐Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2018 — WHE09ACED2D65

A study in Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo, provides the first robust density estimates for servals (Leptailurus serval) in Central Africa, with densities ranging from 7.7 to 9.8 individuals per 100 km². The research used camera-trapping over eight months, capturing 51 individuals, predominantly the servaline morph characterized by small 'freckled' spots. Analysis revealed distinct activity patterns between males and females, with males being largely nocturnal while females were mainly diurnal, likely influenced by the presence of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). The study also highlights the importance of incorporating individual and trap placement covariates to improve precision in density estimates for future research.

Population status of endemic tree kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2018 — WHEF18BB8EBD7

A critically endangered tree species, kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis), found exclusively in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia, faces severe population decline due to habitat loss and invasive species. Research using adaptive cluster sampling identified 280 individuals concentrated in Mount Payung, with only 20% mature, indicating an inverse-J-shaped population structure. The species' area of occupancy is estimated at 8 km², highlighting its extreme vulnerability. The invasive langkap palm (Arenga obtusifolia) poses the greatest threat, necessitating urgent conservation intervention to prevent further decline and potential extinction.

Portobelo y el San Lorenzo del Chagres: Perspectivas imperiales, siglos XVI–XIX

Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo — 2018 — WHE940C3F3EB1

A comprehensive two-volume work by Alfredo Castillero Calvo sheds new light on Portobelo and San Lorenzo, revealing their pivotal role in the Spanish imperial trade system from the 16th to 19th centuries. The study demonstrates that despite the decline of the Galeones trade after 1664, Portobelo remained a critical hub for transisthmian commerce, defense, and urban life, with its fortifications playing a key role in deterring foreign invasions, such as Edward Vernon's failed 1742 assault. Castillero Calvo's exhaustive analysis, based on original research from Spanish archives, explores the evolution of Portobelo's defenses, military finance, and societal dynamics, while contextualizing Panama's place within broader Spanish American history. The work also highlights the resilience of local elites in commerce and their shifting economic dependence post-fairs.

Portrait of an Island: The Architecture and Material Culture of Gorée, Sénégal, 1758–1837

Island of Gorée — 2018 — WHE6AE07B4E67

A nuanced portrait of Gorée Island, Senegal (1758–1837), reveals its role as a diverse, multicultural trading hub that predates modern globalism. Through architectural analysis, archival documents, and anecdotal evidence, the study challenges grand historical narratives by centering on ordinary lives—including those of signares, Europeans, free blacks, and slaves—exposing complex social dynamics and identities. It also debunks misconceptions about Gorée's role in the transatlantic slave trade while highlighting its architectural evolution post-disasters (e.g., fire, yellow fever). The research employs cartography, material culture studies, and postcolonial theory to critique dominant historical perspectives, offering a humanized alternative that questions official narratives.

Precedent toponym as a political symbol

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2018 — WHE92254C7ABD

The toponym 'Red Square' embodies 16 distinct semantic meanings, serving as both a political symbol and a cultural marker in Russian discourse. This study reveals its layered significance—ranging from denotative to connotative and associative—highlighting how its interpretation varies between native and non-native speakers of Russian. Using continuous sampling from the Russian National Corpus, fiction, oral speech, and internet resources, researchers applied semantic analysis to identify its core meanings (semes). The findings underscore Red Square's role as a precedent toponym, deeply rooted in Russian cultural competence, while also functioning as a global symbol of state power for foreign language learners. This research bridges linguistic analysis with political symbolism, offering insights into how place names evolve in meaning across cultures.

Presenting Archaeology and Heritage at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: Gorée Island, Senegal

Island of Gorée — 2018 — WHE845138EFC0

Gorée Island, Senegal's first UNESCO World Heritage Site, serves as a contentious yet significant forum for global tourism, particularly for the African diaspora. The site, renowned for its architecture and monuments linked to the Atlantic slave trade, faces ongoing debates about preservation and policy compliance. A study by Thiaw and Wait (2018) reveals ambiguous attitudes among stakeholders toward heritage presentation, suggesting these may stem from subjective biases or hypocrisy rather than effective communication strategies by professionals. The research analyzes stakeholder perspectives on archaeology and heritage to understand their consumption and potential destruction of the site. This highlights the need for coordinated efforts in heritage management to address conflicting narratives and ensure responsible preservation.

Preservation of Archeological Sites Using 3D-Scanning Documentation Case Study: Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy, Sri Lanka

Sacred City of Kandy — 2018 — WHE8ACAE1CB38

A comprehensive 3D-scanning documentation of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and pivotal Buddhist pilgrimage center, reveals critical vulnerabilities to environmental threats such as earthquakes and monsoon rains, as well as human-induced risks like terrorist attacks. The study employed Terrestrial-Laser-Scanning (TLS) and Structured-Light-Scanning (SLS) to create high-resolution CAD plans, point cloud visualizations, orthoimages, and virtual walkthroughs, addressing the lack of accurate documentation for this culturally significant temple. This approach not only preserves architectural details but also enables detailed analysis for conservation strategies, leveraging noninvasive digital technologies to safeguard cultural heritage against degradation.

Prey Composition of Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) in Raleighvallen, Suriname

Central Suriname Nature Reserve — 2018 — WHED2242661BF

A new study reveals that Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja), the largest eagles on Earth, have a diverse diet in primary forests of the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, including nine previously unrecorded prey species. These apex predators, known for their ecological significance, frequently target game animals such as large primates and birds alongside sloths, which were traditionally considered their staple prey. The research, combining field observations with a review of existing literature, identifies 102 prey species in total, providing critical insights into the autecology of Harpy Eagles in Neotropical forests. This information underscores the ecological role of apex predators and highlights the importance of preserving primary forest habitats to sustain their populations.

Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific Conference “Dialogue of Urban And Steppe Cultures in the Eurasian Space” Dedicated to the Memory of G.А. Fedorov-Davydov

Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex — 2018 — WHE97C543C103

A comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex was conducted through the 8th International Scientific Conference held in 2018. The research focused on the dialogue between urban and steppe cultures within the Eurasian space, particularly examining the Mongol Empire and Golden Horde's influence on material culture and technological advancements. A key aspect of the study involved a systematic analysis of Bolgar settlement, supported by the Bolgar Archaeological Expedition, which delved into the continuity of medieval cultural traditions and the establishment patterns of urban settlements in steppe Eurasia. The findings were part of a broader project investigating the ancient towns of Bolgar and Sviyazhsk from 2010 to 2018, providing significant insights into the historical geography and topographical characteristics of these regions.

Promoting a World Heritage Site through Social Media: Suwon City’s Facebook Promotion Strategy on Hwaseong Fortress (in South Korea)

Hwaseong Fortress — 2018 — WHE312FB48CF9

Suwon City's social media strategy, particularly on Facebook, proved effective in promoting Hwaseong Fortress, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Korea. The study analyzed network features, subordinate features, and semantic features from 2015 to 2017, revealing dynamic changes in promotion patterns over time. Key findings suggest that leveraging social media can significantly enhance public engagement with cultural heritage sites. The research provides actionable insights for refining promotional strategies, emphasizing the importance of adaptive content and network analysis in heritage site management.

Proposal for structural evaluation of historical churches at Lima, Peru

Historic Centre of Lima — 2018 — WHE3E4D73A0BE

A structured approach to assessing seismic vulnerability in Lima's historic churches, part of the UNESCO-listed Historic Centre of Lima, has been proposed. This method combines a general diagnosis of urban and building issues with a preliminary survey to evaluate structural conditions, aiming to enhance earthquake safety. The study serves as a foundational framework for detailed investigations into preserving these heritage buildings, with potential applications beyond Lima to other historic cities in Peru. By establishing guidelines for vulnerability evaluation, the research contributes to broader efforts in urban security and conservation.

Protecting architectural heritage in Djenné: a civil society point of view

Old Towns of Djenné — 2018 — WHE51B7393D8C

A critical analysis reveals that the protection of Djenné's architectural heritage, despite its UNESCO World Heritage status, has been undermined by a lack of coordinated strategy and widespread ignorance among key stakeholders. The study highlights how international and national interventions over two decades have often disregarded the constraints imposed by the site's designation, while decision-makers, funders, and local professionals exhibit a declining awareness of both the cultural value of Djenné's architecture and the technical expertise required for its preservation. This neglect has contributed to the town's inclusion on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016. The research underscores the urgent need for education and sensitization efforts to empower various actors, enabling them to make informed political and technical decisions that safeguard this irreplaceable heritage.

Provins as an example of a “live museum”

Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs — 2018 — WHE4C8FE8B1D4

Provins exemplifies effective cultural heritage management by preserving and revalorizing its medieval architecture and urban layout. The town, founded in the early medieval period and flourishing as a prominent fair town in the 12th and 13th centuries, boasts well-preserved monuments such as defensive walls, the Cesar tower, churches, and residential relics. Recognized by UNESCO in 2001, Provins serves as a model for other historic towns, demonstrating how authorities can fulfill obligations to maintain, protect, and educate communities about heritage conservation. This study highlights Provins' successful approach, offering insights into best practices for cultural heritage management.

Public Authority and Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict: Virunga National Park as a ‘State within a State’ in Eastern Congo

Virunga National Park — 2018 — WHE1EC98B2DC3

Virunga National Park, located in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), exemplifies the complex interplay between conservation efforts and conflict dynamics. Research reveals that while transnational actors have increased their influence over park management, this has not strengthened state authority but instead contributed to a 'state within a state' phenomenon. The militarization of conservation in Virunga, often seen as extending state control, actually fosters extra-state territorialization practices. This challenges conventional notions of state authority and suggests that the intersection of conservation and territorialization should be analyzed through the lens of public authority rather than preconceived state frameworks.

Purawalokanaya - The Virtual Tour to Ancient City of Polonnaruwa - Sri Lanka

Ancient City of Polonnaruwa — 2018 — WHEA7F39061D1

A realistic virtual reality (VR) application, 'Porawalokanaya,' has been developed to digitally preserve and experience the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka. The application leverages advanced 3D modeling techniques using Autodesk Maya and Mudbox to capture intricate architectural details, combined with natural environments for an immersive experience. Built on the Unity platform with C# scripting, 'Porawalokanaya' offers users interactive exploration, narration, and a mini-map, simulating real-world visits. This innovative approach demonstrates how technology can effectively preserve and present prestigious heritage sites, bridging gaps between historical preservation and modern digital experiences.

Re-evaluating the occupation history of Koh Ker, Cambodia, during the Angkor period: A palaeo-ecological approach

Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar — 2018 — WHE051627DEB4

Palaeoecological and geoarchaeological evidence reveals that Koh Ker, Cambodia, remained occupied by its domestic population for several centuries after the royal court relocated to Angkor in the 10th century. This challenges the long-held assumption that the city's abandonment by the elite marked the end of its occupation. The study employed multi-proxy environmental reconstructions—including sediment analysis and plant remains—to trace human activity and land use patterns, demonstrating their persistence well beyond the documented political shifts. These findings underscore the value of integrating palaeoecological data to refine our understanding of Khmer urban dynamics during the Angkor period.

Real Walking in Virtual Spaces: Visiting the Aachen Cathedral

Aachen Cathedral — 2018 — WHEBF75652D72

Spatial compression techniques enable users to traverse larger virtual environments than their physical tracking area allows, enhancing the immersive experience of Virtual Reality (VR). This demo showcases ongoing research by demonstrating real walking through a detailed model of Aachen Cathedral within a room-sized tracking space. By addressing the mismatch between VR tracking limits and virtual environment size, this approach preserves the natural intuitiveness of walking while expanding exploration capabilities in VR applications.