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Environmental Factors Affecting the Foraging Behavior of Herons in Ichkeul National Park, Tunisia

Ichkeul National Park — 2016 — WHE45C079101D

Herons in Ichkeul National Park, Tunisia, adjust their foraging behavior based on environmental factors. Grey Herons predominantly employ the 'standing and wait' strategy, while Great and Little Egrets favor a more active approach like 'walking slowly,' with variations depending on water depth. High temperatures and wind velocities encourage Little Egrets to adopt a quicker hunting technique, whereas high light intensity promotes less active behaviors. This study, conducted over 2009 and 2010, highlights the adaptability of heron foraging strategies in response to environmental conditions.

Estrazione e raffinazione dello zolfo e paesaggio nella Sicilia romana tra IV e VI d.C.

Archaeological Area of Agrigento — 2016 — WHE872D765285

Recent archaeological and historical evidence has redefined the chronology of sulphur extraction and refinement in the Agrigento region, Sicily, dating its peak activity between the late 4th and 6th centuries AD. This period saw significant sulphur production, primarily for agricultural use, particularly in viticulture to combat fungal diseases, which strengthened economic ties with Rome and other Mediterranean regions. The study highlights the transformation of mining landscapes during Late Antiquity and the Byzantine era, suggesting that Agrigento's role as a fiscal center may have diminished due to the rise of other centers. By analyzing historical sources like the Tabulae sulphuris and archaeological remains, researchers provide new insights into the commercial and cultural exchanges linked to Sicily's 'solfifera' area, emphasizing its broader significance in ancient trade networks.

Ethno-ecological contexts of the Skhalta Gorge and the Upper Svaneti (Georgia, the Caucasus)

Upper Svaneti — 2016 — WHE0B5A5B7617

A comparative analysis of the Skhalta Gorge and Upper Svaneti, two high mountain regions in Georgia, reveals that rapid depopulation can lead to ecological degradation if local culture and traditions are not actively preserved. The study demonstrates that sustainable development requires intervention rather than abstention, with tourism emerging as a key mechanism for restoring ethno-ecological balance by supporting traditional agriculture. This research leverages political ecology and the concept of socio-ecological systems (SES) to highlight the interplay between social and ecological dynamics under varying historical, political, and climatic conditions.

Fashion and city branding: An analysis of the perception of Florence as a fashion city

Historic Centre of Florence — 2016 — WHE372A42CA28

Florence's fashion industry significantly enhances the city's global attractiveness, shaping its image as a premier fashion destination. A 2015 study revealed that tourists and fashion consumers perceive Florence not just as a historic site but as a hub for luxury shopping, with its reputation influencing travel decisions. The research, conducted via surveys along Via Tornabuoni—a renowned luxury street—highlighted how fashion branding strengthens local businesses while boosting the city's competitive edge. Findings suggest that leveraging Florence's fashion identity could further propel its economic and cultural standing, offering strategic insights for both city marketers and fashion brands.

Fieldwork at Phrygian Gordion, 2013–2015

Gordion — 2016 — WHE043A35EE42

Recent fieldwork at Gordion, Turkey, uncovered substantial Iron Age fortifications and clarified the city's urban layout. Excavations on the Citadel Mound revealed a massive Early Phrygian glacis (ninth century B.C.E.) with a stepped terrace wall over 2.5 meters high, supporting a fortified wall nearly 3 meters wide. Additional Middle and Late Phrygian fortifications were also discovered, along with a new citadel gateway. Remote sensing further mapped Gordion's residential districts—Lower Town and Outer Town—revealing defensive structures like fortification walls and ditches, as well as a large western fort. Conservation efforts preserved notable features, including the Terrace Building Complex, a pebble mosaic floor from Megaron 2, and the Early Phrygian Gate Complex, one of the best-preserved in Iron Age Asia Minor.

Figurative Images and Their Iconographic Prototypes in Decoration of Scabbard and Gorytos Overlays from Scythian Tombs of the 4th Century BC.

Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae — 2016 — WHE522DDBA4A7

Research reveals that monumental Greek sculptures from the 5th and 4th centuries BC, including those from the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, served as iconographic prototypes for decorative elements on Scythian scabbards and gorytos (shield covers) from the same period. The study identifies consistent patterns in how these motifs were adapted, such as maintaining character roles, circumstances, and affiliations with Greeks or barbarians, while allowing for creative reinterpretation by craftsmen. Notably, the same iconography was used to depict Amazons on monumental sculptures and male figures on toreutic (metalwork) pieces, suggesting a flexible yet structured approach to artistic representation. Additionally, the research highlights that Scythian patrons' attitudes toward nudity influenced the treatment of figurative images, providing insight into cultural exchange and adaptation in ancient art.

Fine Surveying and 3D Modeling Approach for Wooden Ancient Architecture via Multiple Laser Scanner Integration

Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains — 2016 — WHE38DE1F32C2

A groundbreaking approach using multiple terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) achieves unprecedented accuracy—within 3 mm—in surveying and 3D modeling of ancient wooden architecture, even in challenging, steep terrains like the Wudang Mountains. This method overcomes traditional limitations such as mutual sheltering and scanning view restrictions by integrating three-level TLS with scalable measurement capabilities. The study introduces a multi-scale data fusion technique for precise registration and filtering of complex architectural structures, enabling the generation of detailed drawings (plans, facades, sections) and 3D models. These advancements facilitate deformation analysis and digital preservation, setting a new standard for high-precision documentation of heritage sites.

First records of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, and its implication for conservation

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park — 2016 — WHEBBD25BC998

Researchers have confirmed the presence of the reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, marking its first recorded occurrence in the country. This discovery extends the known range of the species over 600 km eastward from the Sulu Sea to the Visayas region, challenging previous assumptions about its distribution. The study relied on photographic evidence from boat-based surveys and a fishery specimen, despite anecdotal reports from the diving industry and long-standing targeted fisheries for mobulid rays in the Philippines. The findings underscore the need for improved conservation strategies, particularly in regions with active manta ray fisheries, to address potential threats to the species' population.

First report of Quaternary mammals from the Qalehjough area, Lut Desert, Eastern Iran

Lut Desert — 2016 — WHE7247330AFC

A first-of-its-kind discovery of Quaternary mammals has been made in the Qalehjough area of Iran's Lut Desert, offering critical insights into the region's prehistoric biodiversity. The study, led by researchers from Iran and Spain, identified fossilized remains of large mammals such as elephants, rhinoceroses, and equids, providing evidence of a once-rich ecosystem in this arid landscape. The team employed stratigraphic analysis and comparative morphometry to date the fossils to the Quaternary period, contributing to our understanding of environmental changes during this era. This finding underscores the Lut Desert's significance as a paleoecological hotspot and its potential as a UNESCO World Heritage Site candidate.

Flora of the core zones of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: composition, geographical affinities and beta diversity

Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve — 2016 — WHE6BE36776B5

The core zones of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) in Mexico harbor a rich and diverse flora, with 694 plant species identified across three core areas: Cerro Altamirano, Cerro Pelón, and Chincua-Campanario-Chivati. Notably, about 38% of these species are endemic to Mexico, underscoring the region's unique biodiversity. The study, conducted between 2000 and 2006, found that forests dominated by Quercus and Abies exhibited the highest species diversity, while herbaceous plants were the predominant growth form (ca. 75%). High beta diversity values (Jaccard index 0.03 to 0.11) indicated significant floristic variation among the core zones, with over half of the documented species (66.3%) found exclusively in one zone. These findings highlight the complementary nature of the core zones for plant conservation and emphasize their importance as critical habitats for migrating Monarch butterfly populations.

Flowering phenology of Mouriri guianensis (Melastomataceae) and its interaction with the crepuscular bee Megalopta amoena (Halictidae) in the restinga of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2016 — WHEC81B2B2473

A rare crepuscular pollination system was identified in the Brazilian endemic plant Mouriri guianensis, where flowering peaks at twilight to evade less effective daytime pollinators. The study observed that bees, particularly Megalopta amoena and Xylocopa cearensis, exhibit buzz pollination behavior, with M. amoena using its jaws to access anthers. Over 86 bee visits were recorded, with activity concentrated between 5:00 and 6:00 AM. The research highlights the plant's extended anthesis as a strategy to attract specialized pollinators while minimizing interactions with less beneficial visitors.

Fluid dipping technology of chimpanzees in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast

Comoé National Park — 2016 — WHEBA583CE1DD

Researchers discovered that chimpanzees in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast, employ a specialized tool-use behavior for extracting water from tree holes using brush-tip modified sticks. This 'fluid dipping' technique was observed across multiple age and sex classes and communities, suggesting cultural transmission. The study, conducted over six months during the dry season, analyzed stick tools used for foraging ants, termites, honey, and water, revealing significant differences in tool morphology between water-dipping and honey-dipping tools. Water-dipping tools featured longer and thicker brush-tips. While this behavior was limited to the late dry season despite alternative water sources being available, its widespread presence highlights the chimpanzees' unique behavioral repertoire, underscoring the importance of their conservation.

Fountains Abbey and the Acquisition of Bordley-In-Craven: Anglo-Scandinavians, Scots and Monastic Flocks

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey — 2016 — WHE7F9C030E03

Historical analysis of Fountains Abbey reveals the strategic acquisition of Bordley-in-Craven, shedding light on the interplay between Anglo-Scandinavian, Scots, and monastic interests during medieval England. The study leverages surviving manuscripts to reconstruct land transactions omitted in previous published records, offering new insights into monastic expansion and political dynamics. By examining charters and property records, researchers trace the abbey's growth through acquisitions, highlighting its role as a center of economic and social influence. This work contributes to understanding the complex interactions between ethnic groups and religious institutions during the Norman period.

From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari)

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2016 — WHE45220CD754

Wild dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari) can live for at least 13 years, with one individual successfully producing litters for over a decade. This finding emerges from a long-term study tracking ear-tagged and microchipped dingoes since 2002, providing rare longevity data for free-ranging Australian dingoes. Researchers analyzed recapture records and mortality observations to document the lifespan of three individuals, including a female dingo tracked from 2003 until her death in 2014. Such life-history insights are critical for assessing the stability and dynamics of closed dingo populations, offering valuable conservation implications for this species of high ecological significance.

From Management to Engagement – Tour Guides in Skaftafell at Vatnajökull National Park

Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice — 2016 — WHEB1E7111FFA

Tour guides at Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, possess valuable knowledge that can significantly contribute to sustainable tourism management. Their insights reveal a strong commitment to protecting both the natural and human environment, highlighting gaps in current business practices and public management procedures that hinder sustainability. Guides advocate for their inclusion in decision-making processes to enhance visitor safety and meet conservation targets. The study used semi-structured interviews and mental mapping with guides to explore their perceptions of their role and the state of hiking trails, suggesting that their compassionate engagement could serve as a motivator for sustainable resource management.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire

Frontiers of the Roman Empire — 2016 — WHEA4899F633F

A comprehensive exploration of the Roman frontiers, known as 'limes' in German literature, reveals that these frontiers were not merely defined by military structures but also by complex social and cultural dynamics. The study emphasizes a shift from traditional military-focused interpretations to broader analyses that incorporate the experiences and identities of populations living along and beyond these frontiers. Spanning from the 1st to early 5th century, this research highlights the multifaceted nature of frontier heritage, moving away from material remains to encompass historical, social, and interpretive dimensions. It also addresses contemporary approaches to preserving and understanding this heritage in the 21st century.

Gender, Nation and Religion in European Pilgrimage

Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France — 2016 — WHE1FC6A7259C

European pilgrimage routes, particularly those leading to Santiago de Compostela, serve as dynamic nodes where gender, national identity, and religious expression intersect. This interdisciplinary study reveals that these ancient paths are not merely relics of the past but active stages for contemporary social and political debates, including gender emancipation, transnational identities, and European unification. The research explores diverse pilgrim experiences—from African migrants renewing family ties at Lourdes to Swedish women navigating midlife transitions—highlighting how pilgrimage reconfigures personal and collective identities. It also examines the revival of sacred spaces, such as the shrine of Our Lady of Santa Cruz, and the reinterpretation of traditional saints like Mary Magdalene within New Age spirituality. Through qualitative analyses, including case studies on Marian anti-abortion movements and interfaith coexistence at pilgrimage centers, the study demonstrates how these routes facilitate complex negotiations between religion, politics, and cultural identity in a secularized Europe.

Genesis, distribution and dynamics of lagoon marl extrusions along the Curonian Spit, southeast Baltic Coast

Curonian Spit — 2016 — WHE4AFD1C00B6

A unique geological process involving the extrusion of lagoon marl from beneath massive migrating sand dunes characterizes large segments of the Curonian Spit, a 100-km-long sandy barrier separating the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. This study reveals that relict lagoon marl, composed of Holocene organic sediments like gyttja and clayey gyttja, was deformed, compacted, and dehydrated by landward-migrating dunes during the Littorina Sea transgression—a phenomenon termed 'dune tectonics.' Using advanced techniques such as side-scan sonar, multibeam echosounder, seismic imaging, sediment sampling, and video observations, researchers identified extensive underwater marl outcrops at depths of 5–15 m along the southern half of the spit. Spatial analysis further constrained the southeastward migration rates of the dune massif. A conceptual model explains both onshore marl exposures above the regional water table and offshore relict marl diapirs, offering new insights into the dynamic interplay between coastal geomorphology and sedimentary processes in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Genetic Diversity Of The Critically Endangered Verbascum Davidoffii Murb. (Scrophulariaceae) And Implications For Conservation

Pirin National Park — 2016 — WHEE456B1C947

A rare plant species, Verbascum davidoffii, critically endangered and endemic to Bulgaria, exhibits surprisingly high genetic diversity within its sole known population in Pirin National Park. This finding challenges the assumption that such species typically harbor low genetic variation due to their threatened status. Researchers analyzed the population's genetic structure using molecular markers, revealing a rich evolutionary potential that must be preserved for long-term conservation. The study underscores the importance of protecting this unique genetic reservoir from anthropogenic pressures and ecological constraints that limit its distribution and reproduction.

Geohazards affecting UNESCO WHL sites in the UK observed from geological data and satellite InSAR

Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd — 2016 — WHE9356029F80

A comprehensive geohazard assessment methodology for UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) sites in the UK has been developed, combining geological data with satellite-based radar interferometry (InSAR). The study highlights that while only one UK WHL site is currently listed as 'in danger,' many more could be vulnerable to geohazards. Using Gwynedd's Castles and Town Walls as a test case, researchers demonstrated how varied geology and topography can influence stability across multiproperty sites. Additionally, the approach was applied to four London WHL sites, showcasing its potential for broader application. This work contributes to the PROTHEGO project, which aims to map geohazards in over 400 European WHL sites using non-invasive remote sensing techniques.